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This paper identifies the similarities and differences among Latin American structuralism, dependency theory, and Thorstein Veblen's Imperial Germany (1915), exploring the connection on such as aspects as path dependency, technology, and economic policy. Imperial Germany is similar to many of the principal policy recommendations espoused by the structuralists and dependency theorists. Nevertheless, structuralism is closer to the ideas of the institutionalists and Veblen himself. In conclusions, the structuralists and Veblen's version in Imperial Germany agree that an industrial policy ought to be guided by the government, even though Veblen and the institutionalists clearly see social change through technological improvement, which is missing from structuralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the universe of literature on franchises, several studies have examined the impact of franchising on economic growth, tending to focus on growth rather than development, although the empirical research has already concluded that franchising does have an influence on economic growth. Likewise, some articles have underscored the importance and influence of franchising on development, but have failed to provide empirical proof of its true sway. With that in mind, this paper provides empirical evidence demonstrating the relationship between franchising and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy policy, like any other public policy, requires the powers of the government to devise precise and coordinated provisions to efficiently manage a strategic sector. Every country adopts its own energy policy based on factors like resource endowment, macroeconomic policy, the regulatory framework, and its own vision of the relationship between the state and market in a given field, to name a few factors. This paper analyzes energy policy in twenty-first century Argentina, considering its most notable peculiarities, how it has changed and remained the same, and the principal challenges looming ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revives Fernando Fajnzylber's methodology, used to characterize Latin America's development pattern from the nineteen-sixties to the nineteen-eighties, leading him to describe it as a non-equitable growth pattern, which he termed the empty box. This time around, we analyze the last thirty years, aiming to reveal how the development pattern in the region has fundamentally changed, if it has changed at all, and find evidence as to whether the empty box, pursuant to its original definition, persists or not. Implicitly, the task is to propose a critical analysis of Latin American economic development in line with a classic structuralist work, as Fajnyzylber's research is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reexamines the prevailing development strategy in Cuba, observing the variables of dependency and structural heterogeneity. It aims to elucidate how, despite a political disconnect on the island, its socialist development strategy is encountering significant challenges driven by the degree of heterogeneity in its economy and the depth of its reliance on the global system of exchange. Some of the most significant challenges facing the prevailing development strategy are as follows: a) how to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of supranational actors into the frameworks of structural heterogeneity, due to the insufficiency of financing and capital; and b) how to achieve endogenous growth beginning with the incorporation of human capital achieved on the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze economic development as a process subject to a historical context, this work begins with a brief overview of the contributions and limitations of development economics, the pioneering school of thought in this sub-discipline. It then differentiates modern economic growth (based on continuous innovation) from delayed development and economic underdevelopment. Based on this, the study proposes a theoretical framework to unify aspects of development theory, specifically, institutional theory and some elements of complex processes, primarily path dependence. This theoretical framework is then applied in two countries, Brazil and Mexico, to define their historical development trajectories and propose an explanation for the divergent economic performance seen in these two nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As is widely known, a primary sector consistently able to generate a production surplus is indispensable for sustained economic growth. The stagnation that began in Mexico in the 1980s has been characterized by the poor performance of the primary sector, among other elements. It is therefore interesting to explore the role this sector has played in stagnation. This work examines this topic using data for the time period 1970-2012 and some econometric techniques. The results suggest that the primary sector has made a negative contribution to economic growth, while primary sector performance has aggravated limitations on growth imposed by the current growth model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the well-being of the Chinese population and considers some of the related problems from the point of view of capabilities and segmentation of the labor market, which has been driven by the household registration system (hukou). This study also points out that China's notable economic growth in the past few decades has resulted in social economic inequality and, despite the fact that reforms to hukou increased mobility among the population, both rural migrants and urban residents from other cities still face obstacles in accessing public benefits and services, as they are registered in a different place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to emphasize the counter-cyclical nature of public commercial banking. This study will provide a historical analysis of the banking crises in Argentina and Uruguay at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In Argentina, this type of bank encompassed a variety of crucial actors involved in policies that successfully resolved the crisis and led to financial restructuring. In Uruguay, public commercial banking had a lesser role during the crisis resolution phase, but played a fundamental part in minimizing financial system risks that had contributed to the 2002 crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the collapse of its Convertibility regime, Argentina registered average growth rates on the order of 8% year-on-year for the period 2002-2009, generating more than four million jobs. In this process, one of the key participants has been the country's business leadership which has consolidated its determining role within the local process of capital accumulation. Within this framework, the aim of the present study is to analyze, on the one hand, the main characteristics of Argentina's business leaders in the post-Convertibility period and given the relevance this sector has acquired in the present recovery, the most salient elements of the industrial leaders. On the other hand, it examines to what extent the role performed by these large companies has favored the country's economic development by studying its influence in generating value, employment, and their impact on income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between the performance of Latin American stock markets with their real economies, applying seven econometric models for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The relationship between stock market yields in these countries and their respective GDPS is examined and compared, applying to the series for each country unit root tests, cointegration analysis, error correction model analysis, Granger causality modeling, self-regression vector analysis, stimulus and response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. The series comprise the following stock markets: Argentina's MERVAL, Brazil's BOVESPA, Chile's IGPA, and Mexico's IPC, as compiled by Economática. The GDP series were obtained from the Cepalstat data base. The series are monthly and are for the period 1993-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the recent phenomenon of special economic zones (SEZ) in the world. It presents the case of Shenzhen, a city in Guangdong, in the People's Republic of China (PRC), because a more successful result has been achieved there in the strategy of neo-institutional economic reform and the external opening of that country in the last three decades. This result indicates the articulation of a gradual and long-term strategy, which has enabled China to insert itself successfully into the international economy. In contrast, the case of Mexico is studied, a nation which has pursued a type of economic reform and external opening without the expected economic and regional results. We therefore conclude that it is necessary to understand the case of the so-called SEZ if a strategy similar to China's is to be embarked upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the middle of the 1990s, India's energy system has been showing new signs of the beginning of a transition in which the functioning of energy demand and supply will tend to correspond to the requirements of economic development. First, this paper examines recent energy changes, after which it analyzes their relationship with the process of economic and social transformation which the country is experiencing, with the aim of discovering the factors that are determining the beginning of the energy transition. It then shows how the trends derived from those economic and social factors are inducing the increase and growing diversification in energy demand. From that perspective -and in line with the available supplies of energy resources -we analyze why the deepening of the energy transition will lead inexorably to greater external dependence, above all for petroleum, but also for natural gas and uranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the profound transformations in the Argentine economy in recent years, this paper analyzes the evolution of trade specialization patterns, due to their effects on the long-term sustainability of economic growth and income distribution. This shows that, although a strong expansion in exports has been seen recently, the pattern of trade specialization continues to reflect a concentrated profile of primary goods and manufactures with low-level technology and job content. In other words, there has still been no structural transformation in the competitiveness of sectors unassociated with natural resources, compared with those that make abundant use of them. However, this phenomenon is taking place in a context where important modifications are occurring in the distribution of trade balances with different partners, where China is starting to acquire an important role. At the same time, the study points to the relationship between these modifications and the evolution of the pattern of specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deepening the understanding of the determinants of financial development is an important task, given the positive nexus it has with the economic development process. Many prominent factors favor financial development, including legislation, macroeconomic policy, inflation, culture, and the geographical context. This study aims to bring together the institutional determinants in a single line of explanation, generating the concept of institutional development of the financial system and providing empirical evidence of its positive effects on the financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]