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The relationship between manufacturing exports and manufacturing sector productivity in Mexico is analyzed. A number of studies suggest that the most productive companies tend to compete more successfully in foreign markets and at the same time these same companies are the ones that decide to export and to channel the necessary resources to raise their productivity rates. In the present document we find that productivity in the manufacturing sector does indeed determine the level of exports in this sector, if investment occurs, or instead, if both are determined simultaneously. Contrary to the findings of Cuevas (2008), in the sense that labor productivity constitutes the principal determinant in manufacturing exports in the case of Mexico in recent years, we present evidence here that the causality between the two variables moves in the opposite direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]