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Introduction: Organised screening reduces the incidence and late-stage diagnosis of cancer. However, participation in screening is not consistent across populations. Variations can be measured using demographic factors on place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socio-economic position (SEP), and social capital (PROGRESS-Plus stratifiers). The Republic of Ireland has screening programmes for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer but assessment of screening participation and cancer incidence is inconsistent. The review aimed to evaluate the use of stratifiers in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer incidence and screening literature, and assess variations in incidence and screening participation across subgroups in Ireland., Methods: PubMed was searched systematically and grey literature was identified via Google, Google Scholar, Lenus (Irish Health Research repository), and The Irish Longitudinal Study of Aging (TILDA) in June 2022. Studies were included if they captured stratifiers alongside incidence or screening participation data of the three cancers., Results: Thirty-six studies and reports were included. Place of residence, SEP, sex, and age were most frequently captured. Incidence and screening participation varied by age, place of residence, SEP, and sex., Discussion: PROGRESS-Plus is a useful equity lens to review health literature. Cancer incidence and screening participation studies lacked a comprehensive equity lens resulting in difficulties in identifying inequities and non-attenders. Place of residence, SEP and ethnicity should be prioritised in monitoring inequities. Integrating unique health identifiers should improve monitoring and enable evidence-based population-specific interventions to promote screening. Collaboration with community organisations would support engagement with vulnerable populations when data is limited., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) primary cervical screening was implemented across England during 2019, where cervical cell samples are first tested for HPV and cytology is used to triage HPV-positive results. Around 8.5% of women who attend test HPV-positive with normal cytology (HPV+/normal). We aimed to explore women's information needs and suggestions for improvements to result communication following an HPV+/normal result, among those with higher and lower levels of education. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 women aged 24-63 who had tested HPV+/normal at routine screening. Secondary qualitative data, not previously reported, were analysed using Framework Analysis to compare themes between those with education lower-than-degree-level vs. degree-level-or-higher (n = 15 in each group). Regardless of education level, women had unanswered questions about their result meaning and the HPV primary screening protocol. Expectations of cervical screening did not always match the service provided, especially regarding content of letters and mode of result delivery. Women with lower education were less clear about the meaning of normal cytology and its link to HPV; and had difficulty sourcing information after their result. Pragmatic suggestions were made for preferences in content, wording, format, and delivery of information in patient communications. Overall, our findings point to areas which can be used by policymakers and healthcare professionals to inform content and communication of results, as HPV primary screening continues to be implemented and refined worldwide. Future research should use these suggestions to develop patient materials and then test them to assess content engagement and information recall., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr Emily McBride and Dr Jo Waller sat on the NHS Cervical Screening Programme, HPV Primary Screening Pilot Steering Committee from 2016 to 2019., (© 2021 The Author(s).)