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Peony seed meal is a very important feed protein raw material with a high potential for development; however, the presence of some anti-nutritional factors, such as saponins, reduces its reusability. This study aimed to establish ideal microbial fermentation conditions for the degradation of saponins in peony seed meal for its subsequent use in poultry feed. First, saponins were extracted via two methods: ethanol extraction and reflux. Then, response surface methodology and orthogonal array testing were used to establish the optimal conditions for the degradation of saponins by (a) liquid fermentation of single bacteria, (b) liquid fermentation of compound bacteria, and (c) solid-state fermentation. The degradation efficiencies were 40.21% (±1.62), 59.82% (±1.54), and 69.31% (±2.95), respectively. The maximum degradation was obtained via solid-state fermentation, and the soluble protein content for this fermentation product was found to be 14% higher than that of unfermented peony seed meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]