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The standard intervention for benign prostatic obstruction is a transurethral resection of the prostate. An ongoing randomized prospective trial is evaluating prostatic artery embolization as a potentially efficient and safe alternative. The diagnosis and early detection of prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination is supplemented by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Open retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy yield similar results with regard to positive surgical margins, urinary and sexual function. The latter technique has advantages with regard to blood loss, postoperative pain and average time spent in hospital. Local therapy of the prostate (surgery or radiation therapy) for metastatic cancer is experimental and not indicated outside clinical trials. In the management of urinary stones there is a shift towards endourologic procedures and away from extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporary drainage of the upper urinary tract by internal ureteral stents is a common procedure to assure renal function and to treat pain caused by ureteral obstruction. Ureteral stents are frequently associated with side effects like urinary symptoms, pain or hematuria resulting in frequent medical consultations. In addition to good patient education, symptomatic drug therapy of stent-associated symptoms is often indicated and sufficient. However, complications like stent dysfunction or significant urinary tract infections have to be kept in mind, as they require further diagnostics and treatment.Therefore, especially general practitioners as a primary point of contact for the patients should be familiar with common ureteral stentassociated problems, their treatment and indications for patient referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower urinary tract symptoms in men are highly associated with benign prostate syndrome. Nevertheless, a correct diagnosis is required to exclude other pathologies. In addition to neurogenic causes other urological differential diagnoses can be clarified and treated. If diagnosis of benign prostatic syndrome is confirmed, various medical and surgical treatment options are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]