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Acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis comprises a heterogenous group of hyperinflammatory immunoreactions often resulting in uncontrolled immune responses, mainly throughout proliferation of cytotoxic Tcells and hemophagocytosis by macrophages. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is often underdiagnosed, contributing to its high morbidity and mortality. A systematic diagnostic approach and the use of established diagnostic criteria should lead to an early diagnosis, which is crucial for any therapeutic attempt to achieve a curative state of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]