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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease which is characterized by painful, recurrent nodules and abscesses. The overall prevalence of HS is estimated to be 11 per 100 000 individuals in the United States and 4% of the world's population. Women are three times more affected than men, especially patients between 18 and 29 years. Similarly to acne vulgaris, HS is primarily associated with follicular occlusion, which results from a number of biological processes, including follicular epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratinization. There are numerous available treatment options for cutaneous lesions in the course of HS. A combination of conservative therapy and appropriate surgical treatment conducted by an experienced surgeon ensures the best possible clinical outcomes. Presently, biologic therapy is the most effective pharmacological treatment in patients with a moderate-to-severe course of the disease. Numerous ongoing clinical trials provide hope for greater availability of new biologic therapy methods., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumours derived from peptidergic neurons and specialized neuroendocrine cells capable of secreting various peptides or amines. These cells may be present in endocrine tissue or diffused in the tissues of the digestive or respiratory system. The article reviews the characteristic features of NENs, with particular emphasis on skin manifestations, such as necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), tongue inflammation, angular cheilitis, venous thrombosis and alopecia in glucagonoma; "flushing", "lion face", pellagra skin symptoms, "scleroderma-like features without Raynaud's phenomenon" in carcinoid tumours. The paper also presents the clinical picture of the neuroendocrine tumour of the skin - Merkel cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to draw attention to the need for precise and comprehensive diagnosis of the patients, with particular emphasis on skin lesions as a revelator of neuroendocrine tumours. This management allows for the early implementation of appropriate treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Introduction: Infliximab (IFX) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes TNF-α. IFX (Remicade) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006 for the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis. In 2013 two infliximab biosimilars: Remsima and Inflectra were also registered. The introduction of biosimilar drugs is associated with a significant reduction in treatment costs., Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment with biosimilar IFX with non-medical switch option in patients with plaque psoriasis under the drug program "Treatment of moderate and severe plaque psoriasis" of the Ministry of Health in Poland., Material and Methods: The group of 91 adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, unresponsive or with contraindications to the standard treatment were qualified to the drug program (in 2016-2018). Efficacy of treatment with biosimilar IFX was evaluated using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, body surface area and Dermatology Life Quality Index scoring performed at week 0, 14, 46 and 94., Results: The mean change in PASI, DLQI, and BSA scores at week 14 was 89.92%, 93.75% and 90.91%, respectively. By week 14, 83.52% of patients achieved PASI75, 49.45% PASI ≥ 90 and 26.37% PASI100. At week 46, 84.62% of patients achieved PASI75, 54.95% PASI ≥ 90, and 21.98% PASI100. At week 94 of therapy, 80.22% of patients achieved PASI75, 48.35% PASI ≥ 90, and 18.68% PASI100. At week 94 of therapy, PASI100 was maintained by 37.5% of patients who achieved PASI100 at week 14., Conclusions: 94-week therapy with biosimilar infliximab results in high and sustained clinical efficacy in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Introduction: An increasing number of publications describing dermatoses associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown differences in the morphology and incidence of dermatoses in children compared to the general population., Material and Methods: Among 22 selected full-text articles, dermatoses associated with COVID-19 have been described in 196 children (average age: 12.57 years). Dermatoses were the only symptom in most patients ( n = 134; 68.4%). RT-PCR tests of nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in only 18 cases ( n = 18/69; 26.1%)., Results: Dermatoses described include chilblain-like lesions ( n = 173; 88.3%), maculopapular rash ( n = 16; 8.2%), erythema multiforme-like lesions ( n = 12; 6.1%), varicella-like exanthema ( n = 1; 0.5%), and urticaria ( n = 1; 0.5%)., Conclusions: This publication aims to summarise existing data on dermatoses and to draw attention to how identification of dermatological symptoms in paediatric patients can provide a quick and reliable indicator of COVID-19., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Primary clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease are respiratory tract infections, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to severe interstitial pneumonia. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and loss of smell or taste. Recent reports indicate the possibility of several nonspecific dermatological symptoms. These include urticaria, maculopapular lesions, vascular lesions involving petechiae, purpura and livedo reticularis. The onset of cutaneous lesions may precede full-blown COVID-19 or remain the only manifestation of the disease (especially in young patients). Focusing on dermatological symptoms may be crucial for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, unambiguous assessment of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 requires more research and case studies conducted by dermatologists., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Smoking has a negative influence on human beings. Carcinogens detected in smoke can increase the risk of developing chronic disorders, cancer and premature death. Nicotine can also affect dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, chronic dermatoses, alopecia, lupus erythematosus, polymorphous light eruption, skin cancer and tobacco-associated oral lesions. Advanced education at a doctor's surgery in various medical occupations can change the bad habits and protect people from the consequences., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)