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In addition to filtering some sediments, hydrophobic wood sponges can also absorb many organic solvents, particularly crude oil. The leakage of crude oil poses a serious threat to the marine ecosystem, and oil mixed with water also generates great danger for its use. From the perspective of low cost and high performance, wood sponges exhibit great potential for dealing with crude oil pollution. Wood sponge is a renewable material. With a highly oriented layered structure and a highly compressible three-dimensional porous frame, wood sponges are extremely hydrophobic, making them ideal for oil–water separation. Currently, the most common approach for creating wood sponge is to first destroy the wood cell wall to obtain a porous-oriented layered structure and then enhance the oil–water separation ability via superhydrophobic treatment. Wood sponge prepared using various experimental methods and different natural woods exhibits distinctive properties in regards to robustness, compressibility, fatigue resistance, and oil absorption ability. As an aerogel material, wood sponge offers multi-action (absorption, filtration) and reusable oil–water separation functions. This paper introduces the advantages of the use of wood sponge for oil–water separation. The physical and chemical properties of wood sponge and its mechanism of adsorbing crude oil are explained. The synthesis method and the properties are discussed. Finally, the use of wood sponge is summarized and prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient exploitation of planted fast-growing wood is crucial for enhancing wood resource utilization. In this study, the fast-growing poplar wood was modified by in situ impregnation through vacuum impregnation with polyvinyl alcohol and nano-silica sol as impregnation modifiers, combined with delignification–freezing pretreatment. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and the universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that the wrinkle deformation and cracking of the wood blocks were greatly alleviated after the delignification–freezing pretreatment and the polyvinyl alcohol and nano-silica sol were successfully integrated into the wood. The resulting polyvinyl alcohol–silica sol poplar composites exhibited about 216%, 80% and 43% higher compressive strength with respect to delignified wood, natural wood and impregnated natural wood, respectively, thereby demonstrating superior mechanical properties and potential opportunities for value-added and efficient utilization of low-quality wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has high transparency, excellent physical and mechanical properties in a wide temperature range and good hygiene and safety, so it is widely used in the packaging industry, especially in the packaging of beverages and foods. The optimization of PET bottles is mainly reflected in three aspects: material optimization, structure optimization and process optimization, among which there is much research on material optimization and process optimization, but there is no complete overview on structure optimization. A summary of structural optimization is necessary. Aiming at structural optimization, the finite element method is a useful supplement to the beverage packaging industry. By combining the computer-aided design technology and using finite element software for finite element simulation, researchers can replace the experimental test in the pre-research design stage, predict the effect and save cost. This review summarizes the development of PET bottles for beverage packaging, summarizes various optimization methods for preventing stress cracking in beverage packaging, and especially focuses on comparing and evaluating the effects of several optimization methods for packaging structure. Finally, the future development of all kinds of optimization based on structural optimization in the field of beverage packaging is comprehensively discussed, including personalized design, the combination of various methods and the introduction of actual impact factor calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PET bottlesare often used as airtight containers for filling carbonated drinks. Because carbonated drinks contain large volumes of CO2 gas, the container needs to bear a tremendous pressure from the inside of the bottle.If the stress exceeds the bearing limit, the material will show the phenomenon of local cracking and liquid overflow.For the structural design, the method of manual adjustment before automatic adjustment was adopted. First, through manual optimization, the initial optimal parameter combination was as follows:the inner diameter of the bottle bottom was 17 mm, the dip angle of the valley bottom was 81°, the deepest part of the valley bottom was 25 mm, and the outer diameter was 27 mm. Comsol software was used for automatic optimization. Compared with the original bottle bottom, the total maximum principal stress and total elastic strain energy in the bottle bottom after manual–automatic double optimization decreased by 69.4% and 40.0%, respectively, and the displacement caused by deformation decreased by 0.60 mm (74.1%). The extremely high reduction ratio was caused by manual–automatic double optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]