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This paper investigates the fundamental mechanical properties of tension, bending, shear, and torsion for unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. First, the mechanical properties of tension, bending, shear, and torsion for the unidirectional CFRP plates are tested, and the test results of relevant mechanical parameters are statistically analyzed. Secondly, the failure modes and damage evolution processes are analyzed by observing the failure surface using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Subsequently, the probabilistic characteristics of the statistical results for the mechanical parameters are analyzed. The parameter fitting is performed using the Normal, Log-normal, and Weibull distributions for goodness-of-fit analysis, respectively. Finally, the appropriate probability distribution types for the mechanical performance parameters of CFRP plates are proposed. • Mechanical properties of unidirectional CFRP plates are experimentally investigated for probabilistic characteristics. • The failure modes and damage evolution of CFPR plates under tension, bending, shear, and torsion are analyzed using SEM. • Probabilistic distribution of mechanical properties is discussed using Normal, Log-normal, and Weibull distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]