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Glass fiber‐reinforced polymer‐matrix (GFRP) composites are used to manufacture devices such as radomes, electrical insulators, and radar‐absorbing structures, many of which are used in applications with strict mechanical and dielectric property requirements. As such, designs and properties of GFRP composite materials should be regularly improved to guarantee their safe operation and meet their constantly evolving application requirements. In this study, glass fiber (GF) particles and epoxy resin 128 (EP‐128) were used to manufacture high‐performance EP/GF‐X composites with GF particle contents ranging from 5% to 40%. An investigation into their mechanical and dielectric properties revealed that EP/GF‐20 composite specimens presented the best mechanical performance with their bending strength and modulus reaching 159.68 MPa and 6521.92 MPa, respectively, and an average dielectric constant of 4.862 within the 10–105 Hz frequency range. A theoretical analysis of the EP/GF‐X composite specimens' dielectric constants using classic dielectric models based on the Lichtenecker, Bruggeman, Jaysundere‐Smith, and Maxwell‐Garnett rule‐of‐mixture equations indicated that the dielectric model based on the Bruggeman rule‐of‐mixture equation provided the dielectric constants closest to the measured values with a maximum deviation of less than −0.321% for EP/GF‐40 composites. This study provides a feasible strategy to control the mechanical and dielectric properties of GFRP composites. Highlights: Glass fiber (GF) particles and epoxy 128 (EP‐128) resin were used to manufacture high‐performance glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy (EP/GF‐X) composites.The composite manufacturing process was carefully controlled to ensure uniform distribution and orientation of GF particles in the EP‐128 resin.The mechanical and dielectric properties of the manufactured EP/GF‐X composites were effectively tailored by controlling the content and distribution of GF particles in the EP‐128 resin matrix.The dielectric constants of the EP/GF‐X composites were measured experimentally and predicted using various theoretical dielectric models.The Bruggeman model provided the dielectric constants of the EP/GF‐X composites closest to the measured values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]