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In the recent years a constant increase of the number of surgical patients with associated diabetes mellitus is observed. Surgical risk is still higher and therapeutic results are worse than in patients without diabetes mellitus. Many years of experience of our department in the surgical treatment of lower limb atherosclerosis (A0) in patients with diabetes, and also the previously published results of studies make possible drawing of conclusions and formulating of a general view. The studies were carried out in 208 patients with A0 and diabetes mellitus. On admission, 65.9% of the patients had IV degrees of limb ischaemia according to Fontaine. Vascular operations in these patients accounted only for 25% of all operations and were performed in 37% of patients. Amputations accounted even for 53.7% of all operations, and among them major amputations accounted for 56.3%. The early and remote results of the operations carried out were subjected to statistical analysis and presented using cumulated indices.