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Unlabelled: Pancreatic islet transplantation is a treatment method for type I diabetes. Its outcome is influenced by numerous factors, islet quantity and function being important ones of them., The Aim of This Study: was to estimate the influence of pancreas preparation method on the outcome of islet isolation in rat., Material and Methods: 6 pancreata harvested from Lewis rats were used in this research. Pancreatic duct was cannulated and pancreas was injected with 1 mg/ml collagenase P solution (Sigma) and then excised. After cutting into smaller fragments, it was digested in collagenase P solution for 15-20 min. Enzyme activity was then stopped by adding dilution medium. Heterogenous cell suspension was centrifuged in density gradient (Gradisol) to isolate islets. Pancreatic islets were collected and islet equivalent was calculated. Islet purity degree was estimated as islet cells to all cells, including exocrine, ratio. Islet viability was estimated using propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate staining. Photographic documentation was made., Results: Proper islet morphology, highest number and viability was obtained when pancreas was excised properly (isolation 3 and 4)., Conclusion: Pancreas preparation method is one of which influences on islet isolation outcome.

Tissue engineered blood vessels are an attractive alternative for synthetic vascular prostheses utilized in vascular reconstructions. Continued for over 20 years in vitro and animal experiments has recently gave an opportunity to utilize this technique in clinical medicine. Satisfying results achieved with this approach in humans encourage wider use of vascular bioprosthesis in the future.

Liver transplantation is the only efficient method of treatment of liver failure. Short time between liver end-stage insufficiency and transplantation procedure is the main problem limiting the number of liver transplants. In this paper the methods of liver support in patients awaiting a liver transplant using tissue engineering techniques were introduced. The methods of liver support using bioartificial liver and isolated hepatocytes transplantation were described.

Treatment of diabetes mellitus poses a huge medical problem. Both the transplantation of pancreas and insulin treatment is connected with numerous complications. The method of treatment which would entirely relieve patients from the necessity of insulin applications and complications of diabetes mellitus has yet not been found. The paper addresses to the issues related to procurement, preservation and culture of pancreatic islets. In this review, the current state of knowledge as well as perspectives of treatment of diabetes through the transplantation of insulin secreting cells was presented.

Transplantation of pancreatic islets is the treatment method for type 1 diabetes mellitus permitting maintenance of stable glycemia. Due to the progress of immunosuppression, the results of transplantation of the pancreatic islets are better. Although applied immunosuppression drugs prevent graft rejection, they have many side effects. The latest methods of modulation of the immunological tolerance, an alternative for immunosuppression, were introduced in this paper. The methods of pancreatic islets encapsulation and induction of allogenic chimerism were described.

Unlabelled: There is no ideal culture establishing method for the conjunctival sac reconstruction. Two methods of primary conjunctival culture establishing were compared., Materials and Methods: The internal surface of rat's eyelid was used. In the 1st method cells migrate from specimen and attached to the surface of culture plate. In the 2nd method tissue was digested and placed in the flask. Epithelial character of cultured cells was confirmed., Results: Both methods allow to set up the culture of epithelial cells. Efficiency of enzymatic isolation was higher then growing from previously attached specimen. At the end of the experiment the cultures were similar., Conclusions: Both methods allow to establish the primary culture of conjunctival epithelial cells. Eyelid conjunctiva can be a cells source for the conjunctival sack reconstruction purpose.

We evaluated arylsulphatase activity in 52 women with breast cancer. In women with breast cancer this enzyme activity is 2,5-fold higher than in healthy women. After operation and chemiotherapy arylsulphatase activity decreased to normal values. There is correlation between enzyme activity and tumor size and number of metastases. In group with bigger tumor and higher number of metastases arylsulphatase activity is markedly higher.

About 10% of the prostate cancer cases were recognized as familial or hereditary. Till now gene/genes responsible for hereditary prostate cancer are not identified. Hereditary prostate cancer case concerning 3 brothers in family of 6 siblings from first marriage and a grandson from second marriage was presented. Two brothers were treated radical prostatectomy because of confined disease. The third brother with spreading disease died after androgen blockade management. We did not find any linkage between chosen markers of PCaP region (Predisposing for Prostate Cancer) and prostate cancer occurrence in this family.

Unlabelled: In everyday urological practice, the use of urinary catheters creates problems such as epithelial hyperplasia, edema or erosion., The Aim: of this study is estimation of the toxicity of latex and silicone urinary catheters on primary cultured rabbit urothelial cells (PRUCC) was compared., Materials and Methods: Primary cultured rabbit urothelial cells (PRUC) were characterized for their proliferation, qualitative evaluation and quantitative measurement of cytokeratins. In the first kind of cytotoxic assay included exposition of the PRUC cells on liquid extracts of latex and silicone. Cytotoxicity of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50% dilution and pure extract was evaluated after 24 h. Additionally for 1% solution observation was extended up to 3 days. The second cytotoxic assay was based on the close contact between the catheter surface and cells. In direct contact test, latex and silicon catheters samples covered cultured cells. Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to measure cell viability. Cells were counted using inverted microscope with camera., Results: 1, 5, 10 and 20% of silicon extracts did not affect cell viability while 5% of latex catheter extracts did. There was no difference in cytotoxicity when PRUC cells had been exposed to 1% dilutions of both silicone and latex catheters extracts after 3-days observation. 50% dilution and pure latex and silicone urinary catheters extracts appears to be highly toxic on PRUC. Direct contact test confirmed high toxicity of latex and silicone catheters on PRUC., Conclusions: We confirmed latex and silicone on PRUC to be very toxic with direct contact. Using extract test the properties of silicone seemed to be slightly better. Authors postulate using catheters covered with hydrogenic gel in every day urological practice.

Arachidonic acid metabolites including prostaglandins (PG) participate in many biological processes and play regulatory functions. The significant role of PG in physiological and pathological process is well known and described by many authors. Prostaglandins were demonstrated to have local hormone properties and often exert an antagonist effect. Despite years of research the role of PG in cancer diseases development is still poorly understood. The article is focused on the influence of arachidonic acid metabolites and its analogs on tumor growth and metastases formation.

The distempers considering cell dying have an important meaning in pathogenesis of different diseases, just like the proliferation distempers. Proliferation and dying are probably responsible for homeostasis support at the same part. Two groups of distempers were distinguished. One of them is connected with an increased cell viability (some cancers, autoimmunological diseases, viral infections) and the other where there is an increased cell mortality (AIDS, some neurodegenerative diseases, myelodysplastic syndromes, osteoporosis and others). Programmed cell death induction using gene therapy methods is tested in preclinical examinations. The results of these tests are thought to have an important significance in therapy of many diseases.

Cathepsins play an important role in the pathogenesis of the great number of cancer diseases i.e. in breast, head and neck, liver, pancreas, colon and skin cancer. Estimation of cathepsins activity referring to different kinds of cancer diseases has a significance both in diagnostics and in monitoring of their running. An essential role in cancer disease development is also reported for cathepsins B and D inhibitors. Using drugs that are able to inhibit the harmful activity of cathepsins, would give a chance to supplement an anti-cancer therapy with the new agents. In future, it could increase the efficiency of cancer treatment in a significant way.

The lysosomal proteases play an important role in the cells nourishment, immunogenesis, development of the arteriosclerosis perturbations in blood vessel cells and in the pathogenesis of degeneration diseases, cancer diseases and in the great number of others. For the many cancer disease durations, an increased activity of the lysosomal enzymes both in blood serum and in tumor tissues was revealed. Over the past few years a particular attention have been paid to the fact that the high activity of some lysosomal enzymes i.e. cathepsin B and D is connected with the increased cancer invasiveness. The results of preliminary clinical research point to great diagnostic value of cathepsin B and D in breast cancer detection.