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The article discusses the significance of the Pollution Prevention Act establish by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1990. According to the article, the act is the national policy created to prevent or reduce pollution at the source whatever feasible. The Congress states that the U.S. emits millions of tons of pollution annually and spends tens of billions of dollars per year controlling it. When the law is enacted, it further admitted that there had been a lack of attention to source reduction historically, but that it was fundamentally more desirable than waste management and pollution control.

The article discusses the significance in using lift stations for sanitary sewer overflows caused by severe weather in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Because of the necessity of lift stations, more utilities turn to a lift station assurance plan, which includes an independently powered backup pump that is capable of meeting system demands during wet weather, scheduled maintenance, new construction and emergency repair. Information about understanding emergency backup pumping, the traditional lift station emergency backup pumping design, as well as the contingency planning of the 1960s-era pneumatic lift stations in the city is discussed.

The article discusses developments in the Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTO) in the U.S. It is stated that RTO is common in the air pollution control industry because it provides a consistent and reliable solution to plant emissions for over 30 years. On the other hand, the 1970s design of RTO has been found problematic because the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid changed drastically with the outside air temperatures. Meanwhile, the recent development for RTO is that it uses the 1985 vertical flow configuration where there is no set rule on how much flow a two-chamber RTO can handle.

The article reports on the move of Yamada North America Inc., an automobile parts manufacturer, to demonstrate savings in pollution prevention and environmental management in the U.S. Within five years of startup, the company made significant pollution prevention decision, replacing an entire production process and saving over $250,000 a year by the elimination of waste treatment alone. Yamada North America completed a soil and water analysis program to establish a baseline of characteristics, prior to its facility startup.

Discusses odor dilution with mixed flow impeller technology as a practical exhaust solution. External factors affecting odor generation; High velocity exhaust stream; Energy usage comparison for odor control systems.

Reports on the contribution of Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTO) systems in attaining the Maximum Achievable Control Technology air quality standards. Design of RTO; Advantages in using RTO systems; Applicability in halogenated hydrocarbons.

Focuses on the pollution prevention audit conducted in the U.S. Definition of total-cost accounting; Description of internal rate of return; Process in calculating benefit-to-cost ratio.

Focuses on the prevention of pollution in the U.S. Association between waste and pollution; Application of P2 techniques to manufacturing processes; Ramifications of P2 options to the economy.

Focuses on the cleanup of the facilities of the Department of Defense (DOD) in the U.S. Emphasis of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program; Steps taken by the DOD research and development program for the increased efficiency of site remediation of the facilities; Approaches towards efficient site remediation.

Presents several equipment and supplies for pollution engineering in the United States. Usability of mine safety health administration motors; Consideration on mixing system eliminates stagnation in reservoirs; Importance of semiconductor gas analysis.

Describes solutions to several real-life pollution problems. Molten Salt Oxidation Corp.'s enhancement of the design of its molten salt oxidation system; Klean Earth Environmental Co.'s application of its Silica Micro Encapsulation technology at a brownfields site; Completion of a brownfields development project by the University of Louisville-Kentucky and LAWGIBB Group Inc.

Describes equipment and supplies of use in pollution engineering. Incudes grinder pumps from BJM Corp.; Stainless steel sample filters from Whatman Inc.; Microvolume diaphragm valve from Valco Instruments Inc.

Features several pollution prevention and control products. Includes block and bleed valve; Portable multigas monitor; Industrial automation software; Flowmeter.

Provides an overview of the development of pollution prevention initiatives in the United States. Evolution of the concept; Challenges and benefits for the industry; Perceptions concerning impact on profits; Application of financial analysis to pollution prevention; Benefits from such programs. INSET: Environmental accounting..

The article offers information on the Triad streamlined site characterization methodology implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. EPA's Triad is comprised of three components: systematic planning, real-time measurements and dynamic work strategies. According to the author, the Triad approach should consider heterogeneous contaminated sites, the Conceptual Site Model (CSM) and utilization of real-time measurements such as field screening and geophysical techniques.

The article offers information on the new technologies for pollution reduction which was introduced by the new Montreal airport, Montreal-Trudeau International Airport. According to the article, the Aéreports de Montréal ventured on a $700 million expansion of the airport. It stresses that the new main terminal would more than double in size and integrate new technologies, attracting more passengers and more airlines. Furthermore, some parts of the runways would be made ready for a wide-body aircraft such as the A-380 Airbus and numerous pollution problems that beset airports would be overcome through innovative engineering.

The article focuses on the establishment of a new maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standard set by the Environmental Protection Agency for chemical manufacturers in the U.S. The author discuss the importance of making new system for chemical companies to meet the new MACT standards and installation of several equipment to upgrade the current system used by chemical companies. Moreover, he talks about the options in complying with the standards as well as the proposals for installing a venturi or hydrop scubber in wet electrostatic precipitator.

The article provides advice to business enterprises and industries in the U.S. on how to prepare a hazardous waste manifest. If there is no state-specific manifest form required by either the destination state or the generation state, the federal Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest Form may be used. Tips on filling up the various items in the form are presented. Treatment storage and disposal facility (TSDF) personnel must confirm the receipt of the waste indicated in the manifest. Each shipment should have at least four copies of the manifest.

This article deals with the questions related to potential toxicity of nanosized particles and structures, and whether their transport, potential transformation and fate in the environment could harm ecosystems. According to some researchers, the very qualities and properties that make nanosized particles so commercially attractive could make them potentially harmful under some circumstances. For example, the increased surface reactivity of nanosized particles suggests that they exhibit greater biological activity when compared with conventional bulk materials per given mass when taken up by living organisms, assuming the particles are solid. This enhanced biological activity can he beneficial, as in the case of nanosized materials being used as a drug delivery device designed to penetrate cellular barriers, or not beneficial if the biological activity translate to enhanced toxicity that compromises cellular activity or induces some other unwanted effect. United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics has focused its ongoing review of nanomaterials consisting of chemical substances under the Toxic Substances Control Act and is perhaps farther along in considering the regulatory implications of nanotechnology than other EPA program offices.

Focuses on the assessment of the possible directional changes at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Details on the issue of political appointments in leadership positions in EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances; Reliance of environmental activism on tools and forums outside of the executive branch; Means of controlling the federal budget for EPA.

Features several equipment and supplies to prevent pollution in the United States. Design of the CA-6200 portable combustion analyzers from TSI Inc.; Functions of the infrared ambient air analyzer in industrial and laboratory environments from Miran; Operations of the conductivity/temperature controller from Strantrol.

Features software products with applications in pollution engineering. Includes Version 3.2 of Windows- or Unix-based ArcView desktop mapping/GIS software from ESRI; SureMAPS digital elevation models from VisiCom; HYDRON/TS software program from Hayes & Associates.

Discusses how the process of photon counting can be used in commercial spectrometric air pollution analyzers. Consideration of the methods used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for monitoring sulfur dioxide; Use of current integration and pulse counting to produce a usable signal; Status of the practical upper limit for a one percent response.

Presents strategies in waste-reduction. Definition of process wastes; Information important in waste reduction strategy; Prioritization of waste target. INSETS: Case study #1;Case study #2.

Discusses the benefits of environmental management programs in the upgradation of environmental performance. Steps in the establishment of environmental management program; Guide questions on the proper use of the program; Organizational requirements in environmental program establishments.

Features various products for use in pollution engineering. Includes an oil spill remote alarm system from Spectogram Corp.; Industrial water treatment application from Barnebey & Sutcliffe; Vibratory screeners from HK Technologies Inc.

The article reports on the amendment carried out by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concerning the five instrumental test methods that are used to measure air pollutant emissions. EPA stresses that the amendment aims to simplify, upgrade and correct the inconsistencies on the test methods as well as provide detailed information on their applications. It was inferred that the rule is anticipated to be implemented on November 6, 2007. However, the EPA states that a notification will be given to the public on the rule's effectivity if comments will be received by October 9, 2007.

The article reports on the settlement agreed between the American Electric Power Co. and federal government concerning the increase in the emission of air pollutants in the U.S. It states that the company was required to reduce the discharge of air pollutants to 813,000 tons which amounts to $4.6 billion as well as pay $15 million for penalty. The move will help the country to save $32 million in health costs, encourage power plants and companies to decrease emission as well as prevent the development of respiratory infections. It has been proven that the company has violated the standards written in the New Source Review (NSR) of the Clean Air Act.

The article explores the piping design of an automobile manufacturer in Lafayette, Indiana which meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) secondary containment guidelines for aboveground piping systems without disrupting production. To meet EPA's standards without disrupting its operation, the company contracted Craft Mechanical. To address the company's concern, Craft Mechanical chose the Contain-It secondary containment system from George Fischer Piping Systems which snaps around the existing pipe, without needing to disturb anything with the current system or shut the system down.

The article focuses on the use of grinders to eliminate pump problems because of inappropriate disposal of materials at the Breakers Mansion in New Port, Rhode Island. It is stated that the installed new solids handling pumps at the mansion in 2005 were no match for the debris flushed down the toilets by tourists. To address the mansion's problem, it contracted Donovan & Sons Inc., a plumbing contractor, to install new bathrooms on the lower level of the mansion. Detailed information regarding the design of the bathrooms is elaborated.

The article reports on the claim of Ford Motor Co. that it has the most vehicles among manufacturers that meet the new automobile emission standards in California. It is stated that the state has been leading the way to force automobile manufactures to lower vehicle emissions. Accordingly, the California Air Resources Board has defined a new standard called Partial Zero Emissions Vehicles (PZEV). Moreover, the state also requires manufactures to meet three standards to be certified. Detailed information about the three standards is elaborated.

The article reports that the eight members of the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) in the U.S. have reached an agreement to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to 15 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. The members of WCI include Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington D.C., which have been joined by the British Columbia and Manitoba. Moreover, four other states and three provinces are participating as observers in the initiative. On the other hand, the group has also agreed to design a market-based mechanism including a cap-and-trade program by the end pf August 2008 to help reach their goal.

The article reports on the proposal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to amend the oil Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan requirements. It cites the legal basis of the plan. It enumerates the salient features of the proposed revisions, particularly the alternative option for owner/separator self-certification. It clarifies exemptions under the SPCC and revised definition for oil-filled operational equipment. It notes the guidelines which EPA regional inspectors should follow on how specific provisions of the rules may be applied.

The article reports on developments regarding environmental laws and regulations in various U.S. states. The Colorado Dept. of Public Health and Environment is seeking the approval of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its New Source Review rules. Connecticut authorities are pursuing plans to restrict greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles by adopting California's Low-Emission Vehicle II program. The Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources has hiked penalties for late updates on yearly manure management plans.

This article presents an update which focuses on recent developments in field of pollution prevention related activities and rulings in several states of the United States. In Arizona, the Vehicle Idling Restriction Ordinance was developed to reduce smog over the Phoenix area. This ordinance requires diesel trucks not to remain idle for more than five consecutive minutes in Maricopa county. The Hazardous Waste Fee, used for funding the safe collection and proper disposal of hazardous waste, has been extended until June 30,2006 in Missouri. Treatment, storage and disposal facilities and hazardous waste generators in Kansas will face a significant increase in hazardous waste monitoring fees when the state Department of Health and Environment's proposed increase for annual monitoring fees goes into affect.

This article focuses on recent developments in the field of chemical industries of the United States. Corvallis, Oregon-based company, Aketon Technologies has signed an exclusive license for the patented Cloud Chamber air pollution control technology with inventor Clyde Richards, Ph.D., and manufacturing partner Tri-Mer Corp.

Discusses strategies adopted by lawnmower manufacturer Murray Inc. for the improvement of its environmental performance. Volume of the company's reduced hazardous waste in 2003; Importance of complying with state and federal environmental regulations; Advantages brought by non-oil lubricants.

Reports on the usage of ultrafiltration technology by Metcam Inc., a manufacturer of precision sheet-metal components and assemblies in Alpharetta, Georgia. Pursuance on initiatives related to pollution prevention; Interests in finding an alternative to the two traditional options available to metalworking operations; State regulations that require industries to minimize waste.

Reports the awards ceremony of the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable's 2001 Most Valuable Pollution Prevention Awards in the United States. Preservation of the natural resources; Reduction of the volume of hazardous and toxic waste streams; Improvement of environmental quality and economic competitiveness.

Reports on the success of wastewater treatment at Veissman Trucking in Minnesota. Effort of the company to meet the municipal regulations for wastewater effluent; Purchase of an automatic oil skimmer from Oil Skimmers Inc.; Features of the oil skimming system.

Reports the contribution of Stonyfield Farms on pollution prevention in New Hampshire. Emphasis of the company on sustainability; Mission of the company; Details on the initiative to reduced and recycle wastes.

Reports on an initiative launched in Pennsylvania that aims to address the interconnected issues of environmental protection, community growth and economic development. Establishment of the 21st Century Environment Commission; Details of an environmental protection program created by Governor Tom Ridge; Land use; Pollution prevention.

Reports that the Pollution Control Department of Thailand has awarded ICF Consulting a four-year contract to develop and implement a voluntary pollution prevention program in Samut Prakarn, an industrialized province just outside Bangkok. Plan to launch an educational campaign aimed at both the business sector and individuals; Challenges facing the program; ICF Consulting's other pollution control projects in Thailand.

Describes a pollution prevention project initiated in Dalton, Georgia. Primary problems being the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads and capacity; Identification of contributors of BOD/COD loadings as local carpet companies; Reduction of incoming flows to the local treatment plant; Isolation of major BOD/COD sources.

Illustrates the application of multimedia pollution engineering principles to the treatment of petroleum and petrochemical wastes. Illustration through the use of a typical refinery wastewater treatment plant; Design of the plant; Unit operations at the plant.

Highlights the need for a company to move its pollution prevention programs in line with the rest of the business' goals. Basis for environmentally performance requirements; Business drivers; Categories of the driving forces behind environmental programs.

Features several pollution control and prevention products. Role of computer analysis in reducing nitrogen oxide at Public Service Co. of Oklahoma's Tulsa Generating Station #4; Use of regenerative thermal oxidizer to control volatile organic compound emissions.

Reports on the plan of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to create a performance-based system that focuses on the environmental performance of facilities. Reinvention of the environmental permitting process; Paperwork reduction; Encouragement of pollution prevention; Increased public participation; Creation of cross-agency teams to harmonize administrative procedures. INSET: Goals for an improved permitting process..

Highlights the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) strategy for pollution prevention in the United States for the year 2000. Terms of the National Environmental Policy Act; Pollution prevention research strategy adopted by the EPA Office of Research and Development; Transition from strategy to implementation.

Features the pollution prevention programs of the South Carolina Public Service Authority, or Santee Cooper. Pollution prevention initiatives incorporated in Santee Cooper's environmental management; Efforts of Santee Cooper to achieve carbon dioxide emissions reductions under the Climate Challenge Accord; Example of pollution prevention in Santee Cooper's sites; Other environmental projects in which the utility is active.