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This paper advances a novel theoretical perspective on the determinants of immigrant occupational attainment in western Europe. Previous research has not accounted for the process of legal status transition or the implications of this for migrants. A new measure of the conditionality attached to legal status transitions is advanced and its hypothesised role in the determination of migrant outcomes in interaction with other features of legal status policy is tested utilising large-scale European microdata for 14 countries in the context of multilevel modelling. Results support the hypothesis and the paper concludes by discussing implications for policymakers and for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses policies of 22 European Union member governments, designed to encourage corporate social responsibility (CSR) between 2000 and 2011. It categorises these policies by their regulatory strength and identifies the range of issues to which CSR policies are directed. The paper argues that Northern European, Scandinavian and UK governments are reconstructing their respective institutional structures to embed CSR concerns more explicitly therein. It concludes that these government CSR initiatives are converging, particularly around their increased regulatory strength and the broadening of their issue application. Policies in Mediterranean and the former communist countries do not reflect increasing institutionalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper relates commonly held models of ageing to the assumptive worlds of policy makers and service providers. Different models of old age are related to culture (class and ethnicity), gender and the age of the beholder. The common western European view that old age is a time of inevitable and increasing dependence is mirrored by a system of service provision that emphasises dependency rather than rehabilitation. A 'terminal drop' model is closer to the majority experience of ageing today, but it does not appear to be part of the assumptive worlds of policy makers or service providers, or even of old people themselves. The paper concludes with a brief assessment of the possibilities for change in assumptive worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the recent trends of immigration in Europe, including the rise of asylum-seekers and illegal migrants. The rights of established immigrants in twelve EEC countries are examined, and the concept of four types of immigration 'policy regime' advanced — semi-peripheral or Mediterranean, 'Schengen' or Continental, Scandinavian and UK. Transnational arrangements aiming at common border policies for 1992 are elaborated at both the EC and Schengen (6) levels, It is concluded that, so far, the only common policies derive from a European consensus on the need to limit external immigration : the major policy decisions have yet to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasingly common characteristic of public sector organisations in Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe is a heightened sense of uncertainty. Assumptions that have been cherished for decades are being challenged, and for large public institutions, used to plotting their way into the future in much the same direction as they left the past, the strength of the challenge and the wide front over which it is taking place is causing increasing concern for both managers and politicians. In this paper we examine the uncertainty created within the National Health Service by an increasingly rapid shift from passive administration to more assertive management and from welfare values to market forces. We use the experience of a small group of District General Managers with whom we worked to try and better understand how managers have thought through these changes in practice. We go on to reflect on that experience and suggest a series of coping strategies for managing in uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]