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The article discusses the need of addressing the challenges for liberalism in the 21st century. It states that liberalism has faced a serious problem from ideas emerging from a new generation of socialists on the left and from conservative movements on the right, and mentions the supposed populist threat to a free and peaceful society. It notes that liberal espouses virtues of openness, of acceptance, and of toleration, and cites populist critique of the establishment.

In this article, the author discusses the impact of economic crises on the state intervention. He mentions that state intervention refers to discretionary acts by government to intervene in the market economy which in turn violates the general operating rules of social interaction. He further discusses the ideas that demand state intervention including externality environmentalism, the resurgence of Keynesianism, and behavioural economics.