1. Host shifts result in parallel genetic changes when viruses evolve in closely related species
- Author
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Ben Longdon, Joel M. Alves, Lucia Tagliaferri, John McGonigle, Thomas M. Houslay, Jonathan P. Day, Francis M. Jiggins, Sophia Cl Smith, Longdon, Ben [0000-0001-6936-1697], Alves, Joel M [0000-0001-6138-9134], McGonigle, John E [0000-0001-8390-2867], Jiggins, Francis M [0000-0001-7470-8157], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,0106 biological sciences ,Evolutionary Genetics ,Virus Replication ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Drosophilidae ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Pathogen ,Phylogeny ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Drosophila Melanogaster ,Microbial Mutation ,Microbial Genetics ,Eukaryota ,Animal Models ,Genomics ,Biological Evolution ,Insects ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Viruses ,Drosophila ,Parallel evolution ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Evolutionary Processes ,Arthropoda ,Immunology ,Genome, Viral ,Parallel Evolution ,Research and Analysis Methods ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Host Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Model Organisms ,Virology ,Genetics ,Animals ,RNA Viruses ,Molecular Biology ,Microbial Pathogens ,030304 developmental biology ,Evolutionary Biology ,Human evolutionary genetics ,Host (biology) ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,RNA virus ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome Analysis ,Genomic Libraries ,Invertebrates ,Viral Replication ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Viral replication ,Evolutionary biology ,Parasitology ,Adaptation ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Drosophila C virus ,Virus Physiological Phenomena - Abstract
Host shifts, where a pathogen invades and establishes in a new host species, are a major source of emerging infectious diseases. They frequently occur between related host species and often rely on the pathogen evolving adaptations that increase their fitness in the novel host species. To investigate genetic changes in novel hosts, we experimentally evolved replicate lineages of an RNA virus (Drosophila C Virus) in 19 different species of Drosophilidae and deep sequenced the viral genomes. We found a strong pattern of parallel evolution, where viral lineages from the same host were genetically more similar to each other than to lineages from other host species. When we compared viruses that had evolved in different host species, we found that parallel genetic changes were more likely to occur if the two host species were closely related. This suggests that when a virus adapts to one host it might also become better adapted to closely related host species. This may explain in part why host shifts tend to occur between related species, and may mean that when a new pathogen appears in a given species, closely related species may become vulnerable to the new disease., Author summary Host shifts, where a pathogen jumps from one host species to another, are a major source of infectious disease. Hosts shifts are more likely to occur between related host species and often rely on the pathogen evolving adaptations that increase their fitness in the novel host. Here we have investigated how viruses evolve in different host species, by experimentally evolving replicate lineages of an RNA virus in 19 different host species that shared a common ancestor 40 million years ago. We then deep sequenced the genomes of these viruses to examine the genetic changes that have occurred in different host species that vary in their relatedness. We found that parallel mutations–that are indicative of selection–were significantly more likely to occur within viral lineages from the same host, and between viruses evolved in closely related species. This suggests that a mutation that may adapt a virus to a given host, may also adapt it to closely related host species.
- Published
- 2018