1. Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, alone or in combination, efficiently counteract induced bladder cell damage and inflammation
- Author
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Antonietta Stellavato, Sabrina Reale, Paola Diana, Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi, Valentina Vassallo, Alessandra Fusco, Chiara Schiraldi, Mario De Rosa, Giovanna Donnarumma, Stellavato, A., Pirozzi, A. V. A., Diana, P., Reale, S., Vassallo, V., Fusco, A., Donnarumma, G., De Rosa, M., and Schiraldi, C.
- Subjects
Physiology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Gene Expression ,02 engineering and technology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Physical Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Epithelium ,Glycosaminoglycan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Materials Physics ,Immune Physiology ,Hyaluronic acid ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Immune Response ,Glycosaminoglycans ,Innate Immune System ,Multidisciplinary ,Viscosity ,Chemistry ,Physics ,Chondroitin Sulfates ,NF-kappa B ,Interstitial cystitis ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Physical Sciences ,Cytokines ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Bladder ,Science ,Immunology ,Materials Science ,Urinary Bladder ,Inflammation ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Models, Biological ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Chondroitin sulfate ,Urothelium ,Immunoassays ,Cell damage ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Interleukin-8 ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Renal System ,Molecular Development ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Biological Tissue ,Chemical Properties ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immune System ,Mucin ,Immunologic Techniques ,Hydrodynamics ,Zonula Occludens-1 Protein ,Cattle ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Interstitial cystitis and/or bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) are characterized by discomfort, abdominal pain, and pelvic pain, and they are often associated with chronic diseases. Pathological conditions related to IC/BPS can occur due to a defect in the integrity of the bladder lining. This defect has been ascribed to damage to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the urinary epithelium. In addition, the incipient cascade of inflammation events might prompt extracellular matrix degradation. Several medical devices based on GAG instillation were proposed to re-establish epithelial integrity by GAGs binding to proteoglycans or interacting with structural urothelium. However, to date, only in vitro studies have investigated the GAG, hyaluronic acid (HA). In the present study, TNFα treatment was used to mimic IC/BPS-induced damage in bladder cells in an in vitro model. Highly purified fermentative HA and pharmaceutical grade bovine chondroitin sulfate (CSb), alone or in combination, were evaluated for the ability to counteract bladder cell damage. We evaluated NF-κB with western blots, and we analyzed interleukin 6 and 8 expression at the transcriptional and protein levels with quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, and ELISA. We also evaluated the expression of an antibacterial peptide, human β-defensin-2. We confirmed our results in a 3D bladder epithelium model. Our results demonstrated that inflammatory status was reduced in the presence of HA, CSb, and the combination of both (HA/CSb 1.6%/2% w/v). This result suggested that these GAGs might be suitable for treating IC/BPS. All the assayed biomarkers showed that HA/CSb treatment modulated cells towards a more physiological status. Finally, we compared two commercial products suggested for the IC/BPS treatments and found that the product with more Ca++, showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and provided superior mucoadhesivity.
- Published
- 2019