8 results on '"Santosha"'
Search Results
2. How do patients who fail first-line TB treatment but who are not placed on an MDR-TB regimen fare in South India?
- Author
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Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Srinath Satyanarayana, Sarabjit Singh Chadha, Santosha Kalemane, Jyoti Jaju, Shanta Achanta, Kishore Reddy, Vishnu Potharaju, Srinivas Rao Motta Shamrao, Puneet Dewan, Zachariah Rony, Shailaja Tetali, Raghupathi Anchala, Nanda Kishore Kannuri, Anthony David Harries, and Sachdeva Kuldeep Singh
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
SETTING: Seven districts in Andhra Pradesh, South India. OBJECTIVES: To a) determine treatment outcomes of patients who fail first line anti-TB treatment and are not placed on an multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) regimen, and b) relate the treatment outcomes to culture and drug susceptibility patterns (C&DST). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using routine programme data and Mycobacterium TB Culture C&DST between July 2008 and December 2009. RESULTS: There were 202 individuals given a re-treatment regimen and included in the study. Overall treatment outcomes were: 68 (34%) with treatment success, 84 (42%) failed, 36 (18%) died, 13 (6.5%) defaulted and 1 transferred out. Treatment success for category I and II failures was low at 37%. In those with positive cultures, 81 had pan-sensitive strains with 31 (38%) showing treatment success, while 61 had drug-resistance strains with 9 (15%) showing treatment success. In 58 patients with negative cultures, 28 (48%) showed treatment success. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcomes of patients who fail a first-line anti-TB treatment and who are not placed on an MDR-TB regimen are unacceptably poor. The worst outcomes are seen among category II failures and those with negative cultures or drug-resistance. There are important programmatic implications which need to be addressed.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. How do patients who fail first-line TB treatment but who are not placed on an MDR-TB regimen fare in South India?
- Author
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Anthony D. Harries, Sachdeva Kuldeep Singh, Nanda Kishore Kannuri, Sarabjit Chadha, Jyoti Jaju, Kishore Reddy, Shanta Achanta, Zachariah Rony, Raghupathi Anchala, Srinivas Rao Motta Shamrao, Puneet Dewan, Vishnu Potharaju, Srinath Satyanarayana, Shailaja Tetali, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, and Santosha Kalemane
- Subjects
Adult ,Bacterial Diseases ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Adolescent ,Clinical Research Design ,Epidemiology ,First line ,Antitubercular Agents ,lcsh:Medicine ,India ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Global Health ,Mycobacterium ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Pharmacotherapy ,Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ,medicine ,Humans ,Treatment Failure ,Young adult ,lcsh:Science ,Child ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis ,lcsh:R ,Tropical Diseases (Non-Neglected) ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Regimen ,Infectious Diseases ,Sputum ,Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Public Health ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Setting Seven districts in Andhra Pradesh, South India Objectives To a) determine treatment outcomes of patients who fail first line anti-TB treatment and are not placed on an multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) regimen, and b) relate the treatment outcomes to culture and drug susceptibility patterns (C&DST). Design Retrospective cohort study using routine programme data and Mycobacterium TB Culture C&DST between July 2008 and December 2009. Results There were 202 individuals given a re-treatment regimen and included in the study. Overall treatment outcomes were: 68 (34%) with treatment success, 84 (42%) failed, 36 (18%) died, 13 (6.5%) defaulted and 1 transferred out. Treatment success for category I and II failures was low at 37%. In those with positive cultures, 81 had pan-sensitive strains with 31 (38%) showing treatment success, while 61 had drug-resistance strains with 9 (15%) showing treatment success. In 58 patients with negative cultures, 28 (48%) showed treatment success. Conclusion Treatment outcomes of patients who fail a first-line anti-TB treatment and who are not placed on an MDR-TB regimen are unacceptably poor. The worst outcomes are seen among category II failures and those with negative cultures or drug-resistance. There are important programmatic implications which need to be addressed.
- Published
- 2011
4. How Do Patients Who Fail First-Line TB Treatment but Who Are Not Placed on an MDR-TB Regimen Fare in South India?
- Author
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Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, primary, Satyanarayana, Srinath, additional, Chadha, Sarabjit Singh, additional, Kalemane, Santosha, additional, Jaju, Jyoti, additional, Achanta, Shanta, additional, Reddy, Kishore, additional, Potharaju, Vishnu, additional, Motta Shamrao, Srinivas Rao, additional, Dewan, Puneet, additional, Rony, Zachariah, additional, Tetali, Shailaja, additional, Anchala, Raghupathi, additional, Kannuri, Nanda Kishore, additional, Harries, Anthony David, additional, and Kuldeep Singh, Sachdeva, additional
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Tuberculosis Contact Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in a South Indian District: Operational Issues for Programmatic Consideration
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Sai Babu, Madhavi Pothukuchi, Puneet Dewan, Santosha Kelamane, Srinath Satyanarayana, Shashidhar, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, and Fraser Wares
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Rural Population ,Bacterial Diseases ,Health Screening ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,Cross-sectional study ,Tuberculosis Contact ,lcsh:Medicine ,Medicine ,Pediatric Epidemiology ,lcsh:Science ,Not evaluated ,Multidisciplinary ,Isoniazid ,Child Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Public Health ,medicine.symptom ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Infectious Disease Control ,India ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Humans ,Cities ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,Biology ,Population Biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Sputum ,Tropical Diseases (Non-Neglected) ,medicine.disease ,Relative risk ,Housing ,Public Health Practice ,lcsh:Q ,Preventive Medicine ,Contact Tracing ,Rural area ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Under India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), all household contacts of sputum smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients are screened for TB. In the absence of active TB disease, household contacts aged
- Published
- 2011
6. How Do Patients Who Fail First-Line TB Treatment but Who Are Not Placed on an MDR-TB Regimen Fare in South India?
- Author
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Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Satyanarayana, Srinath, Chadha, Sarabjit Singh, Kalemane, Santosha, Jaju, Jyoti, Achanta, Shanta, Reddy, Kishore, Potharaju, Vishnu, Shamrao, Srinivas Rao Motta, Dewan, Puneet, Rony, Zachariah, Tetali, Shailaja, Anchala, Raghupathi, Kannuri, Nanda Kishore, Harries, Anthony David, and Singh, Sachdeva Kuldeep
- Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS ,MULTIDRUG resistance ,HEALTH outcome assessment - Abstract
Setting: Seven districts in Andhra Pradesh, South India Objectives: To a) determine treatment outcomes of patients who fail first line anti-TB treatment and are not placed on an multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) regimen, and b) relate the treatment outcomes to culture and drug susceptibility patterns (C&DST). Design: Retrospective cohort study using routine programme data and Mycobacterium TB Culture C&DST between July 2008 and December 2009. Results: There were 202 individuals given a re-treatment regimen and included in the study. Overall treatment outcomes were: 68 (34%) with treatment success, 84 (42%) failed, 36 (18%) died, 13 (6.5%) defaulted and 1 transferred out. Treatment success for category I and II failures was low at 37%. In those with positive cultures, 81 had pan-sensitive strains with 31 (38%) showing treatment success, while 61 had drug-resistance strains with 9 (15%) showing treatment success. In 58 patients with negative cultures, 28 (48%) showed treatment success. Conclusion: Treatment outcomes of patients who fail a first-line anti-TB treatment and who are not placed on an MDR-TB regimen are unacceptably poor. The worst outcomes are seen among category II failures and those with negative cultures or drug-resistance. There are important programmatic implications which need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Tuberculosis Contact Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in a South Indian District: Operational Issues for Programmatic Consideration.
- Author
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Pothukuchi, Madhavi, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Kelamane, Santosha, Satyanarayana, Srinath, Shashidhar, Babu, Sai, Dewan, Puneet, and Wares, Fraser
- Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS ,MEDICAL screening ,ISONIAZID ,SPUTUM ,MEDICAL centers ,ANTITUBERCULAR agents - Abstract
Background: Under India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), all household contacts of sputum smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients are screened for TB. In the absence of active TB disease, household contacts aged <6 years are eligible for Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) (5 milligrams/kilogram body weight/day) for 6 months. Objectives: To estimate the number of household contacts aged <6 years, of sputum smear positive PTB patients registered for treatment under RNTCP from April to June'2008 in Krishna District, to assess the extent to which they are screened for TB disease and in its absence initiated on IPT. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted. Households of all smear positive PTB cases (n = 848) registered for treatment from April to June'2008 were included. Data on the number of household contacts aged <6 years, the extent to which they were screened for TB disease, and the status of initiation of IPT, was collected. Results: Households of 825 (97%) patients were visited, and 172 household contacts aged <6 years were identified. Of them, 116 (67%) were evaluated for TB disease; none were found to be TB diseased and 97 (84%) contacts were initiated on IPT and 19 (16%) contacts were not initiated on IPT due to shortage of INH tablets in peripheral health centers. The reasons for non-evaluation of the remaining eligible children (n = 56, 33%) include no home visit by the health staff in 25 contacts, home visit done but not evaluated in 31 contacts. House-hold contacts in rural areas were less likely to be evaluated and initiated on IPT [risk ratio 6.65 (95% CI; 3.06-14.42)]. Conclusion: Contact screening and IPT implementation under routine programmatic conditions is sub-optimal. There is an urgent need to sensitize all concerned programme staff on its importance and establishment of mechanisms for rigorous monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Ontogeny of Toll-like receptor mediated cytokine responses of South African infants throughout the first year of life.
- Author
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Brian A Reikie, Rozanne C M Adams, Candice E Ruck, Kevin Ho, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Santoshan Pillay, Shalena Naidoo, Edgardo S Fortuno, Corena de Beer, Wolfgang Preiser, Mark F Cotton, David P Speert, Monika Esser, and Tobias R Kollmann
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The first year of life represents a time of marked susceptibility to infections; this is particularly true for regions in sub-Saharan Africa. As innate immunity directs the adaptive immune response, the observed increased risk for infection as well as a suboptimal response to vaccination in early life may be due to less effective innate immune function. In this study, we followed a longitudinal cohort of infants born and raised in South Africa over the first year of life, employing the most comprehensive analysis of innate immune response to stimulation published to date. Our findings reveal rapid changes in innate immune development over the first year of life. This is the first report depicting dramatic differences in innate immune ontogeny between different populations in the world, with important implications for global vaccination strategies.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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