49 results on '"Mannino A"'
Search Results
2. Enhanced dietary reconstruction of Korean prehistoric populations by combining δ13C and δ15N amino acids of bone collagen
- Author
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Choy, Kyungcheol, primary, Yun, Hee Young, additional, Fuller, Benjamin T., additional, and Mannino, Marcello A., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A community-science approach identifies genetic variants associated with three color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius)
- Author
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Autumn R. Brown, Kaylee Comai, Dominic Mannino, Haily McCullough, Yamini Donekal, Hunter C. Meyers, Chiron W. Graves, Hannah S. Seidel, and The BIO306W Consortium
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius) provide a unique and largely untapped resource for understanding the genetics of coloration in reptiles. Here we use a community-science approach to investigate the genetics of three color morphs affecting production of the pigment melanin. These morphs—Albino, Lavender Albino, and Ultramel—show a loss of melanin in the skin and eyes, ranging from severe (Albino) to moderate (Lavender Albino) to mild (Ultramel). To identify genetic variants causing each morph, we recruited shed skins of pet ball pythons via social media, extracted DNA from the skins, and searched for putative loss-of-function variants in homologs of genes controlling melanin production in other vertebrates. We report that the Albino morph is associated with missense and non-coding variants in the gene TYR. The Lavender Albino morph is associated with a deletion in the gene OCA2. The Ultramel morph is associated with a missense variant and a putative deletion in the gene TYRP1. Our study is one of the first to identify genetic variants associated with color morphs in ball pythons and shows that pet samples recruited from the community can provide a resource for genetic studies in this species.
- Published
- 2022
4. Enhanced dietary reconstruction of Korean prehistoric populations by combining δ13C and δ15N amino acids of bone collagen.
- Author
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Choy, Kyungcheol, Yun, Hee Young, Fuller, Benjamin T., and Mannino, Marcello A.
- Subjects
GAME & game-birds ,ESSENTIAL amino acids ,AMINO acid analysis ,STABLE isotope analysis ,MARINE fishes ,AMINO acids - Abstract
Compound specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) is a powerful tool for determining dietary behaviors in complex environments and improving dietary reconstructions. Here, we conducted CSIA-AA on human (n = 32) and animal (n = 13) remains from two prehistoric archaeological sites (Mumun, Imdang) to assess in more detail the dietary sources consumed by prehistoric Korean populations. Results of estimated trophic position (TP) using Δ
15 NGlx-Phe show that the Imdang individuals consumed aquatic resources, as well as terrestrial resources. Principal component analysis (PCA) using δ13 C and δ15 N essential amino acid (EAA) values show that the Imdang humans closely cluster with game birds and terrestrial herbivores, whilst the Mumun humans closely cluster with C4 plants. Quantitative estimation by a Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) indicates that the Imdang humans derived a large proportion of their proteins from terrestrial animals and marine fish, whereas the main protein sources for the Mumun humans were C4 plants and terrestrial animals. Additionally, the comparison between the EAA and bulk isotope models shows that there is a tendency to overestimate the consumption of plant proteins when using bulk isotopic data. Our CSIA-AA approach reveals that in prehistoric Korea there were clear differences in human diets through time. This study adds to a growing body of literature that demonstrates the potential of CSIA-AA to provide more accurate estimations of protein consumption in mixed diets than previous bulk isotopic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy).
- Author
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Michael P Richards, Marcello A Mannino, Klervia Jaouen, Alessandro Dozio, Jean-Jacques Hublin, and Marco Peresani
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
To investigate the mobility patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans in Europe during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period, we applied strontium isotope analysis to Neanderthal (n = 3) and modern human (n = 2) teeth recovered from the site of Fumane Cave in the Monti Lessini region of Northern Italy. We also measured a large number of environmental samples from the region, to establish a strontium 'baseline', and also micromammals (vole teeth) from the levels associated with the hominin teeth. We found that the modern humans and Neanderthals had similar strontium isotope values, and these values match the local baseline values we obtained for the site and the surrounding region. We conclude that both groups were utilizing the local mountainous region where Fumane Cave is situated, and likely the nearby Lessini highlands and Adige plains, and therefore the strontium evidence does not show differening mobility patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans at the Fumane site.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Bacterial diversity in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).
- Author
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Hewitt, Krissi M, Mannino, Frank L, Gonzalez, Antonio, Chase, John H, Caporaso, J Gregory, Knight, Rob, and Kelley, Scott T
- Subjects
Humans ,Bacteria ,Bacterial Infections ,Cross Infection ,DNA ,Bacterial ,RNA ,Ribosomal ,16S ,Intensive Care Units ,Neonatal ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infection. Infected infants have high mortality rates, and survivors often suffer life-long neurological disorders. The causes of many NICU infections go undiagnosed, and there is debate as to the importance of inanimate hospital environments (IHEs) in the spread of infections. We used culture-independent next-generation sequencing to survey bacterial diversity in two San Diego NICUs and to track the sources of microbes in these environments. Thirty IHE samples were collected from two Level-Three NICU facilities. We extracted DNA from these samples and amplified the bacterial small subunit (16S) ribosomal RNA gene sequence using 'universal' barcoded primers. The purified PCR products were pooled into a single reaction for pyrosequencing, and the data were analyzed using QIIME. On average, we detected 93+/-39 (mean +/- standard deviation) bacterial genera per sample in NICU IHEs. Many of the bacterial genera included known opportunistic pathogens, and many were skin-associated (e.g., Propionibacterium). In one NICU, we also detected fecal coliform bacteria (Enterobacteriales) in a high proportion of the surface samples. Comparison of these NICU-derived sequences to previously published high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon studies of other indoor environments (offices, restrooms and healthcare facilities), as well as human- and soil-associated environments, found the majority of the NICU samples to be similar to typical building surface and air samples, with the notable exception of the IHEs which were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings provide evidence that NICU IHEs harbor a high diversity of human-associated bacteria and demonstrate the potential utility of molecular methods for identifying and tracking bacterial diversity in NICUs.
- Published
- 2013
7. Drosophila R8 photoreceptor cell subtype specification requires hibris.
- Author
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Hong Tan, Ruth E Fulton, Wen-Hai Chou, Denise A Birkholz, Meridee P Mannino, David M Yamaguchi, John C Aldrich, Thomas L Jacobsen, and Steven G Britt
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Cell differentiation and cell fate determination in sensory systems are essential for stimulus discrimination and coding of environmental stimuli. Color vision is based on the differential color sensitivity of retinal photoreceptors, however the developmental programs that control photoreceptor cell differentiation and specify color sensitivity are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, there is evidence that the color sensitivity of different photoreceptors in the compound eye is regulated by inductive signals between cells, but the exact nature of these signals and how they are propagated remains unknown. We conducted a genetic screen to identify additional regulators of this process and identified a novel mutation in the hibris gene, which encodes an irre cell recognition module protein (IRM). These immunoglobulin super family cell adhesion molecules include human KIRREL and nephrin (NPHS1). hibris is expressed dynamically in the developing Drosophila melanogaster eye and loss-of-function mutations give rise to a diverse range of mutant phenotypes including disruption of the specification of R8 photoreceptor cell diversity. We demonstrate that hibris is required within the retina, and that hibris over-expression is sufficient to disrupt normal photoreceptor cell patterning. These findings suggest an additional layer of complexity in the signaling process that produces paired expression of opsin genes in adjacent R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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8. Equiprobable discrete models of site-specific substitution rates underestimate the extent of rate variability.
- Author
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Frank Mannino, Sadie Wisotsky, Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond, and Spencer V Muse
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
It is standard practice to model site-to-site variability of substitution rates by discretizing a continuous distribution into a small number, K, of equiprobable rate categories. We demonstrate that the variance of this discretized distribution has an upper bound determined solely by the choice of K and the mean of the distribution. This bound can introduce biases into statistical inference, especially when estimating parameters governing site-to-site variability of substitution rates. Applications to two large collections of sequence alignments demonstrate that this upper bound is often reached in analyses of real data. When parameter estimation is of primary interest, additional rate categories or more flexible modeling methods should be considered.
- Published
- 2020
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9. Radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis on the purported Aurignacian skeletal remains from Fontana Nuova (Ragusa, Italy).
- Author
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Gianpiero Di Maida, Marcello A Mannino, Ben Krause-Kyora, Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen, and Sahra Talamo
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Proving voyaging at sea by Palaeolithic humans is a difficult archaeological task, even for short distances. In the Mediterranean, a commonly accepted sea crossing is that from the Italian Peninsula to Sicily by anatomically modern humans, purportedly of the Aurignacian culture. This claim, however, was only supported by the typological attribution to the Aurignacian of the lithic industries from the insular site of Fontana Nuova. AMS radiocarbon dating undertaken as part of our research shows that the faunal remains, previously considered Aurignacian, actually date to the Holocene. Absolute dating on dentinal collagen also attributes the human teeth from the site to the early Holocene, although we were unable to obtain ancient DNA to evaluate their ancestry. Ten radiocarbon dates on human and other taxa are comprised between 9910-9700 cal. BP and 8600-8480 cal. BP, indicating that Fontana Nuova was occupied by Mesolithic and not Aurignacian hunter-gatherers. Only a new study of the lithic assemblage could establish if the material from Fontana Nuova is a mixed collection that includes both late Upper Palaeolithic (Epigravettian) and Mesolithic artefacts, as can be suggested by taking into account both the results of our study and of the most recent reinterpretation of the lithics. Nevertheless, this research suggests that the notion that Aurignacian groups were present in Sicily should now be revised. Another outcome of our study is that we found that three specimens, attributed on grounds both of morphological and ZooMS identifications to Cervus elaphus, had δ13C values significantly higher than any available for such species in Europe.
- Published
- 2019
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10. Correction: Origanum vulgare terpenoids modulate Myrmica scabrinodis brain biogenic amines and ant behaviour.
- Author
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Giuseppe Mannino, Gholamreza Abdi, Massimo Emilio Maffei, and Francesca Barbero
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209047.].
- Published
- 2019
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11. Origanum vulgare terpenoids modulate Myrmica scabrinodis brain biogenic amines and ant behaviour.
- Author
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Giuseppe Mannino, Gholamreza Abdi, Massimo Emilio Maffei, and Francesca Barbero
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Coordinated social behaviour is fundamental for ant ecological success. However, even distantly-related organisms, such as plants, have evolved the ability to manipulate ant collective performances to their own advantage. In the parasitic system encompassing Maculinea butterflies, Myrmica ants, and Origanum vulgare plants, the ant-plant interaction elicits the release of a volatile terpenoid compound (carvacrol) which is used by the gravid butterfly to locate the ideal oviposition site. Here we show that this ant-plant association is maintained by the effect of O. vulgare terpenoids on ant behaviour and that food plants might gain protection by Myrmica ants by chemically manipulating workers to forage in their surroundings. The variation in the locomotor ability of three ant species (Formica cinerea, Tetramorium caespitum, and Myrmica scabrinodis) was studied after treatment with the two major O. vulgare terpenoid volatile compounds (i.e., carvacrol and thymol). The brain levels of three biogenic amines (dopamine, tyramine and serotonin) were analysed in ants exposed to the O. vulgare terpenoids by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Carvacrol and thymol increased the locomotor activity of all ant species tested, but if blended reduced the movement propensity of Myrmica scabrinodis. Dopamine and tyramine production was positively correlated with the worker locomotor activity. In Myrmica ants, both brain biogenic ammines were negatively correlated with the aggressive behaviour. Blends of O. vulgare volatiles affected the locomotor ability while increased the aggressiveness of Myrmica workers by altering the aminergic regulation in the ant brains. This behavioural manipulation, might enhance partner fidelity and plant protection. Our findings provide new insights supporting a direct role of plant volatiles in driving behavioural changes in social insects through biogenic amine modulation.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Plasma kisspeptin levels are associated with insulin secretion in nondiabetic individuals.
- Author
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Francesco Andreozzi, Gaia Chiara Mannino, Elettra Mancuso, Rosangela Spiga, Francesco Perticone, and Giorgio Sesti
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
To evaluate if plasma kisspeptin concentrations are associated with insulin secretion, as suggested by recent in vitro studies, independently of confounders. 261 nondiabetic subjects were stratified into tertiles according to kisspeptin values. Insulin secretion was assessed using indexes derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, subjects in the highest (tertile 3) kisspeptin group exhibited significantly lower values of insulinogenic index, corrected insulin response (CIR30), and Stumvoll indexes for first-phase and second-phase insulin release as compared with low (tertile 1) or intermediate (tertile 2) kisspeptin groups. Univariate correlations between kisspeptin concentration and metabolic variables showed that kisspeptin concentration was significantly and positively correlated with age, blood pressure, and 2-h post-load glucose, and inversely correlated with BMI, and waist circumference. There was an inverse relationship between kisspeptin levels and OGTT-derived indexes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A multivariable regression analysis in a model including all the variables significantly correlated with kisspeptin concentration showed thar age (β = -0.338, P
- Published
- 2017
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13. Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey: Economic Impact of COPD in 12 Countries.
- Author
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Jason Foo, Sarah H Landis, Joe Maskell, Yeon-Mok Oh, Thys van der Molen, MeiLan K Han, David M Mannino, Masakazu Ichinose, and Yogesh Punekar
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:The Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey estimated the prevalence and burden of COPD across 12 countries. Using data from this survey we evaluated the economic impact of COPD. METHODS:This cross-sectional, population-based survey questioned 4,343 subjects aged 40 years and older, fulfilling a case definition of COPD based on self-reported physician diagnosis or symptomatology. Direct cost measures were based on exacerbations of COPD (treated and those requiring emergency department visits and/or hospitalisation), contacts with healthcare professionals, and COPD medications. Indirect costs were calculated from work loss values using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale. Combined direct and indirect costs estimated the total societal costs per patient. RESULTS:The annual direct costs of COPD ranged from $504 (South Korea) to $9,981 (USA), with inpatient hospitalisations (5 countries) and home oxygen therapy (3 countries) being the key drivers of direct costs. The proportion of patients completely prevented from working due to their COPD ranged from 6% (Italy) to 52% (USA and UK) with 8 countries reporting this to be ≥20%. Total societal costs per patient varied widely from $1,721 (Russia) to $30,826 (USA) but a consistent pattern across countries showed greater costs among those with increased burden of COPD (symptoms, health status and more severe disease) and a greater number of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS:The economic burden of COPD is considerable across countries, and requires targeted resources to optimise COPD management encompassing the control of symptoms, prevention of exacerbations and effective treatment of comorbidities. Strategies to allow COPD patients to remain in work are important for addressing the substantial wider societal costs.
- Published
- 2016
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14. Abscisic Acid Stimulates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion from L-Cells and Its Oral Administration Increases Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels in Rats.
- Author
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Santina Bruzzone, Mirko Magnone, Elena Mannino, Giovanna Sociali, Laura Sturla, Chiara Fresia, Valeria Booz, Laura Emionite, Antonio De Flora, and Elena Zocchi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
In recent years, Abscisic Acid (ABA) has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in mammals as an endogenous hormone, by stimulating both insulin release and peripheral glucose uptake. In addition, ABA is released by glucose- or GLP-1-stimulated β-pancreatic cells. Here we investigated whether ABA can stimulate GLP-1 release. The human enteroendocrine L cell line hNCI-H716 was used to explore whether ABA stimulates in vitro GLP-1 secretion and/or transcription. ABA induced GLP-1 release in hNCI-H716 cells, through a cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanism. ABA also enhanced GLP-1 transcription. In addition, oral administration of ABA significantly increased plasma GLP-1 and insulin levels in rats. In conclusion, ABA can stimulate GLP-1 release: this result and the previous observation that GLP-1 stimulates ABA release from β -cells, suggest a positive feed-back mechanism between ABA and GLP-1, regulating glucose homeostasis. Type 2 diabetes treatments targeting the GLP-1 axis by either inhibiting its rapid clearance by dipeptidyl-peptidase IV or using GLP-1 mimetics are currently used. Moreover, the development of treatments aimed at stimulating GLP-1 release from L cells has been considered as an alternative approach. Accordingly, our finding that ABA increases GLP-1 release in vitro and in vivo may suggest ABA and/or ABA analogs as potential anti-diabetic treatments.
- Published
- 2015
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15. Impaired increase of plasma abscisic Acid in response to oral glucose load in type 2 diabetes and in gestational diabetes.
- Author
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Pietro Ameri, Santina Bruzzone, Elena Mannino, Giovanna Sociali, Gabriella Andraghetti, Annalisa Salis, Monica Laura Ponta, Lucia Briatore, Giovanni F Adami, Antonella Ferraiolo, Pier Luigi Venturini, Davide Maggi, Renzo Cordera, Giovanni Murialdo, and Elena Zocchi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is present and active in humans, regulating glucose homeostasis. In normal glucose tolerant (NGT) human subjects, plasma ABA (ABAp) increases 5-fold after an oral glucose load. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an oral glucose load on ABAp in type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. We chose two sub-groups of patients who underwent an oral glucose load for diagnostic purposes: i) 9 treatment-naive T2D subjects, and ii) 9 pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM), who underwent the glucose load before and 8-12 weeks after childbirth. Each group was compared with matched NGT controls. The increase of ABAp in response to glucose was found to be abrogated in T2D patients compared to NGT controls. A similar result was observed in the women with GDM compared to pregnant NGT controls; 8-12 weeks after childbirth, however, fasting ABAp and ABAp response to glucose were restored to normal in the GDM subjects, along with glucose tolerance. We also retrospectively compared fasting ABAp before and after bilio-pancreatic diversion (BPD) in obese, but not diabetic subjects, and in obese T2D patients, in which BPD resulted in the resolution of diabetes. Compared to pre-BPD values, basal ABAp significantly increased 1 month after BPD in T2D as well as in NGT subjects, in parallel with a reduction of fasting plasma glucose. These results indicate an impaired hyperglycemia-induced ABAp increase in T2D and in GDM and suggest a beneficial effect of elevated ABAp on glycemic control.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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16. Origin and diet of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the mediterranean island of Favignana (Ègadi Islands, Sicily).
- Author
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Marcello A Mannino, Giulio Catalano, Sahra Talamo, Giovanni Mannino, Rosaria Di Salvo, Vittoria Schimmenti, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Andrea Messina, Daria Petruso, David Caramelli, Michael P Richards, and Luca Sineo
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Hunter-gatherers living in Europe during the transition from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene intensified food acquisition by broadening the range of resources exploited to include marine taxa. However, little is known on the nature of this dietary change in the Mediterranean Basin. A key area to investigate this issue is the archipelago of the Ègadi Islands, most of which were connected to Sicily until the early Holocene. The site of Grotta d'Oriente, on the present-day island of Favignana, was occupied by hunter-gatherers when Postglacial environmental changes were taking place (14,000-7,500 cal BP). Here we present the results of AMS radiocarbon dating, palaeogenetic and isotopic analyses undertaken on skeletal remains of the humans buried at Grotta d'Oriente. Analyses of the mitochondrial hypervariable first region of individual Oriente B, which belongs to the HV-1 haplogroup, suggest for the first time on genetic grounds that humans living in Sicily during the early Holocene could have originated from groups that migrated from the Italian Peninsula around the Last Glacial Maximum. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses show that the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Favignana consumed almost exclusively protein from terrestrial game and that there was only a slight increase in marine food consumption from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene. This dietary change was similar in scale to that at sites on mainland Sicily and in the rest of the Mediterranean, suggesting that the hunter-gatherers of Grotta d'Oriente did not modify their subsistence strategies specifically to adapt to the progressive isolation of Favignana. The limited development of technologies for intensively exploiting marine resources was probably a consequence both of Mediterranean oligotrophy and of the small effective population size of these increasingly isolated human groups, which made innovation less likely and prevented transmission of fitness-enhancing adaptations.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A community-science approach identifies genetic variants associated with three color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius)
- Author
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Autumn R, Brown, Kaylee, Comai, Dominic, Mannino, Haily, McCullough, Yamini, Donekal, Hunter C, Meyers, Chiron W, Graves, and Hannah S, Seidel
- Subjects
Melanins ,Boidae ,Pigmentation ,Humans ,Animals - Abstract
Color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius) provide a unique and largely untapped resource for understanding the genetics of coloration in reptiles. Here we use a community-science approach to investigate the genetics of three color morphs affecting production of the pigment melanin. These morphs-Albino, Lavender Albino, and Ultramel-show a loss of melanin in the skin and eyes, ranging from severe (Albino) to moderate (Lavender Albino) to mild (Ultramel). To identify genetic variants causing each morph, we recruited shed skins of pet ball pythons via social media, extracted DNA from the skins, and searched for putative loss-of-function variants in homologs of genes controlling melanin production in other vertebrates. We report that the Albino morph is associated with missense and non-coding variants in the gene TYR. The Lavender Albino morph is associated with a deletion in the gene OCA2. The Ultramel morph is associated with a missense variant and a putative deletion in the gene TYRP1. Our study is one of the first to identify genetic variants associated with color morphs in ball pythons and shows that pet samples recruited from the community can provide a resource for genetic studies in this species.
- Published
- 2021
18. Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy)
- Author
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Richards, Michael P., primary, Mannino, Marcello A., additional, Jaouen, Klervia, additional, Dozio, Alessandro, additional, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, additional, and Peresani, Marco, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Trends in the use, sociodemographic correlates, and undertreatment of prescription medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States from 1999 to 2010.
- Author
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Earl S Ford, David M Mannino, Anne G Wheaton, Letitia Presley-Cantrell, Yong Liu, Wayne H Giles, and Janet B Croft
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The extent to which patients with COPD are receiving indicated treatment with medications to improve lung function and recent trends in the use of these medications is not well documented in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine trends in prescription medications for COPD among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2010. METHODS: We performed a trend analysis using data from up to 1426 participants aged ≥20 years with self-reported COPD from six national surveys (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010). RESULTS: During 2009-2010, the age-adjusted percentage of participants who used any kind of medication was 44.2%. Also during 2009-2010, the most commonly used medications were short-acting agents (36.0%), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (18.3%), and LABAs (16.7%). The use of long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) (p for trend
- Published
- 2014
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20. A community-science approach identifies genetic variants associated with three color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius).
- Author
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Brown, Autumn R., Comai, Kaylee, Mannino, Dominic, McCullough, Haily, Donekal, Yamini, Meyers, Hunter C., Graves, Chiron W., and Seidel, Hannah S.
- Subjects
GENETIC variation ,MELANINS ,PYTHONS ,MISSENSE mutation ,DELETION mutation ,GERMPLASM - Abstract
Color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius) provide a unique and largely untapped resource for understanding the genetics of coloration in reptiles. Here we use a community-science approach to investigate the genetics of three color morphs affecting production of the pigment melanin. These morphs—Albino, Lavender Albino, and Ultramel—show a loss of melanin in the skin and eyes, ranging from severe (Albino) to moderate (Lavender Albino) to mild (Ultramel). To identify genetic variants causing each morph, we recruited shed skins of pet ball pythons via social media, extracted DNA from the skins, and searched for putative loss-of-function variants in homologs of genes controlling melanin production in other vertebrates. We report that the Albino morph is associated with missense and non-coding variants in the gene TYR. The Lavender Albino morph is associated with a deletion in the gene OCA2. The Ultramel morph is associated with a missense variant and a putative deletion in the gene TYRP1. Our study is one of the first to identify genetic variants associated with color morphs in ball pythons and shows that pet samples recruited from the community can provide a resource for genetic studies in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy)
- Author
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Klervia Jaouen, Michael P. Richards, Alessandro Dozio, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Marcello A. Mannino, Marco Peresani, and Biehl, P.
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Teeth ,Hominids ,Neanderthal ,Social Sciences ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Neanderthals ,Isotope analysis ,Mammals ,Baseline values ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Geography ,biology ,Eukaryota ,Hominidae ,SH6_2 ,SH6_1 ,Caves ,Chemistry ,Archaeology ,Italy ,Optical Equipment ,Physical Sciences ,Vertebrates ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Physical Anthropology ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Chemical Elements ,Science ,Socio-culturale ,Equipment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Rodents ,Strontium Isotopes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Archaic Humans ,Cave ,Paleoanthropology ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Humans ,Hominins ,Dental Enamel ,Chemical Characterization ,Isotope Analysis ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,Strontium ,Lasers ,Voles ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Paleontology ,Isotopes of strontium ,Northern italy ,Jaw ,chemistry ,Anthropology ,Amniotes ,Earth Sciences ,Period (geology) ,Tooth ,Digestive System ,Head ,Zoology - Abstract
To investigate the mobility patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans in Europe during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period, we applied strontium isotope analysis to Neanderthal (n = 3) and modern human (n = 2) teeth recovered from the site of Fumane Cave in the Monti Lessini region of Northern Italy. We also measured a large number of environmental samples from the region, to establish a strontium ‘baseline’, and also micromammals (vole teeth) from the levels associated with the hominin teeth. We found that the modern humans and Neanderthals had similar strontium isotope values, and these values match the local baseline values we obtained for the site and the surrounding region. We conclude that both groups were utilizing the local mountainous region where Fumane Cave is situated, and likely the nearby Lessini highlands and Adige plains, and therefore the strontium evidence does not show differening mobility patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans at the Fumane site.
- Published
- 2021
22. A fasting insulin-raising allele at IGF1 locus is associated with circulating levels of IGF-1 and insulin sensitivity.
- Author
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Gaia Chiara Mannino, Annalisa Greco, Carlo De Lorenzo, Francesco Andreozzi, Maria A Marini, Francesco Perticone, and Giorgio Sesti
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundA meta-analysis of genome-wide data reported the discovery of the rs35767 polymorphism near IGF1 with genome-wide significant association with fasting insulin levels. However, it is unclear whether the effects of this polymorphism on fasting insulin are mediated by a reduced insulin sensitivity or impaired insulin clearance. We investigated the effects of the rs35767 polymorphism on circulating IGF-1 levels, insulin sensitivity, and insulin clearance.Methodology/principal findingsTwo samples of adult nondiabetic white Europeans were studied. In sample 1 (n=569), IGF-1 levels were lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (190±77 vs. 218±97 ng/ml, respectively; P=0.007 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). Insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycaemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (8.9±4.1 vs. 10.1±5.1 mg x Kg(-1) free fat mass x min(-1), respectively; P=0.03 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). The rs35767 polymorphism did not show significant association with insulin clearance. In sample 2 (n=859), IGF-1 levels were lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (155±60 vs. 164±63 ng/ml, respectively; P=0.02 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). Insulin sensitivity, as estimated by the HOMA index, was lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (2.8±2.2 vs. 2.5±1.3, respectively; P=0.03 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI).Conclusion/significanceThe rs35767 polymorphism near IGF1 was associated with circulating IGF-1 levels, and insulin sensitivity with carriers of the GG genotype exhibiting lower IGF-1 concentrations and insulin sensitivity as compared with subjects carrying the A allele.
- Published
- 2013
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23. Bacterial diversity in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).
- Author
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Krissi M Hewitt, Frank L Mannino, Antonio Gonzalez, John H Chase, J Gregory Caporaso, Rob Knight, and Scott T Kelley
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infection. Infected infants have high mortality rates, and survivors often suffer life-long neurological disorders. The causes of many NICU infections go undiagnosed, and there is debate as to the importance of inanimate hospital environments (IHEs) in the spread of infections. We used culture-independent next-generation sequencing to survey bacterial diversity in two San Diego NICUs and to track the sources of microbes in these environments. Thirty IHE samples were collected from two Level-Three NICU facilities. We extracted DNA from these samples and amplified the bacterial small subunit (16S) ribosomal RNA gene sequence using 'universal' barcoded primers. The purified PCR products were pooled into a single reaction for pyrosequencing, and the data were analyzed using QIIME. On average, we detected 93+/-39 (mean +/- standard deviation) bacterial genera per sample in NICU IHEs. Many of the bacterial genera included known opportunistic pathogens, and many were skin-associated (e.g., Propionibacterium). In one NICU, we also detected fecal coliform bacteria (Enterobacteriales) in a high proportion of the surface samples. Comparison of these NICU-derived sequences to previously published high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon studies of other indoor environments (offices, restrooms and healthcare facilities), as well as human- and soil-associated environments, found the majority of the NICU samples to be similar to typical building surface and air samples, with the notable exception of the IHEs which were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings provide evidence that NICU IHEs harbor a high diversity of human-associated bacteria and demonstrate the potential utility of molecular methods for identifying and tracking bacterial diversity in NICUs.
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- 2013
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24. Drosophila R8 photoreceptor cell subtype specification requires hibris
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Wen-Hai Chou, Thomas L Jacobsen, Denise A. Birkholz, Ruth Fulton, Steven G. Britt, David M. Yamaguchi, Meridee P. Mannino, Hong Tan, and John C Aldrich
- Subjects
Photoreceptors ,Opsin ,Sensory Receptors ,Heredity ,genetic structures ,Cellular differentiation ,Social Sciences ,Gene Expression ,Photoreceptor cell ,Homozygosity ,Animal Cells ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Morphogenesis ,Drosophila Proteins ,Psychology ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Photoreceptor cell differentiation ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Cell Differentiation ,Compound eye ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Imaginal Discs ,Organ Specificity ,Medicine ,Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ,Sensory Perception ,Cellular Types ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Science ,Ocular Anatomy ,Cell fate determination ,Retina ,Ocular System ,medicine ,Genetics ,Animals ,Alleles ,Cognitive Psychology ,Membrane Proteins ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Afferent Neurons ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,eye diseases ,Genetic Loci ,Cellular Neuroscience ,Mutation ,Cognitive Science ,Eyes ,Perception ,sense organs ,Head ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Cell differentiation and cell fate determination in sensory systems are essential for stimulus discrimination and coding of environmental stimuli. Color vision is based on the differential color sensitivity of retinal photoreceptors, however the developmental programs that control photoreceptor cell differentiation and specify color sensitivity are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, there is evidence that the color sensitivity of different photoreceptors in the compound eye is regulated by inductive signals between cells, but the exact nature of these signals and how they are propagated remains unknown. We conducted a genetic screen to identify additional regulators of this process and identified a novel mutation in the hibris gene, which encodes an irre cell recognition module protein (IRM). These immunoglobulin super family cell adhesion molecules include human KIRREL and nephrin (NPHS1). hibris is expressed dynamically in the developing Drosophila melanogaster eye and loss-of-function mutations give rise to a diverse range of mutant phenotypes including disruption of the specification of R8 photoreceptor cell diversity. We demonstrate that hibris is required within the retina, and that hibris over-expression is sufficient to disrupt normal photoreceptor cell patterning. These findings suggest an additional layer of complexity in the signaling process that produces paired expression of opsin genes in adjacent R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells.
- Published
- 2020
25. Equiprobable discrete models of site-specific substitution rates underestimate the extent of rate variability
- Author
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Sadie R Wisotsky, Spencer V. Muse, Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond, and Frank L. Mannino
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Upper and lower bounds ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Mutation Rate ,Statistics ,Statistical inference ,Genome Evolution ,Phylogeny ,Energy-Producing Organelles ,Data Management ,Mathematics ,Likelihood Functions ,Sequence ,Multidisciplinary ,Estimation theory ,Small number ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Genomics ,Variance (accounting) ,Genomic Databases ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Mitochondria ,Nucleic acids ,Phylogenetics ,Medicine ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Sequence Analysis ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Discretization ,Bioinformatics ,Forms of DNA ,Science ,Bioenergetics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Molecular Evolution ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Evolutionary Systematics ,Taxonomy ,Evolutionary Biology ,Models, Genetic ,Biology and life sciences ,Substitution (logic) ,Computational Biology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,DNA ,Cell Biology ,Genome Analysis ,Biological Databases ,030104 developmental biology ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
It is standard practice to model site-to-site variability of substitution rates by discretizing a continuous distribution into a small number, K, of equiprobable rate categories. We demonstrate that the variance of this discretized distribution has an upper bound determined solely by the choice of K and the mean of the distribution. This bound can introduce biases into statistical inference, especially when estimating parameters governing site-to-site variability of substitution rates. Applications to two large collections of sequence alignments demonstrate that this upper bound is often reached in analyses of real data. When parameter estimation is of primary interest, additional rate categories or more flexible modeling methods should be considered.
- Published
- 2020
26. A functional variant of the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 gene is associated with insulin sensitivity.
- Author
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Francesco Andreozzi, Ivan Presta, Gaia Chiara Mannino, Daniela Scarpelli, Sara Di Silvestre, Natalia Di Pietro, Elena Succurro, Angela Sciacqua, Assunta Pandolfi, Agostino Consoli, Marta Letizia Hribal, Francesco Perticone, and Giorgio Sesti
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which was associated with insulin resistance. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is the major determinant of plasma ADMA. Examining data from the DIAGRAM+ (Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis), we identified a variant (rs9267551) in the DDAH2 gene nominally associated with type 2 diabetes (P = 3 × 10(-5)).Methodology/principal findingsinitially, we assessed the functional impact of rs9267551 in human endothelial cells (HUVECs), observing that the G allele had a lower transcriptional activity resulting in reduced expression of DDAH2 and decreased NO production in primary HUVECs naturally carrying it. We then proceeded to investigate whether this variant is associated with insulin sensitivity in vivo. To this end, two cohorts of nondiabetic subjects of European ancestry were studied. In sample 1 (n = 958) insulin sensitivity was determined by the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), while in sample 2 (n = 527) it was measured with a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. In sample 1, carriers of the GG genotype had lower ISI than carriers of the C allele (67 ± 33 vs.79 ± 44; P = 0.003 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). ADMA levels were higher in subjects carrying the GG genotype than in carriers of the C allele (0.68 ± 0.14 vs. 0.57 ± 0.14 µmol/l; P = 0.04). In sample 2, glucose disposal was lower in GG carriers as compared with C carriers (9.3 ± 4.1 vs. 11.0 ± 4.2 mg × Kg(-1) free fat mass × min(-1); P = 0.009).Conclusions/significanceA functional polymorphism of the DDAH2 gene may confer increased risk for type 2 diabetes by affecting insulin sensitivity throughout increased ADMA levels.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism, lung function, and mortality: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
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Jill M Ferdinands, David M Mannino, Marta L Gwinn, and Molly S Bray
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Associations were examined separately for blacks and whites. Black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype had better lung function at baseline and at the second clinical visit than those with Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes. Adjusted mean percent-predicted FEV(1) was 21% higher in Arg/Arg subjects compared to Gly/Gly at baseline (p = 0.01) and 20% higher than Gly/Gly at visit 2 (p = 0.01). Arg/Gly subjects had adjusted percent-predicted FEV(1) 17% lower than Arg/Arg at baseline but were similar to Arg/Arg subjects at visit 2. Although black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype appeared to have better crude survival rates, the association between genotype and all-cause mortality was inconclusive. We found no difference in lung function or mortality by genotype among blacks who did not use beta-agonists or among whites, regardless of beta-agonist use.Black beta-agonist users with the ADRB2 Arg16Arg genotype had better lung function, and, possibly, better overall survival compared to black beta-agonist users with the Gly16Gly genotype. Our findings highlight the need for additional studies of sufficient size and statistical power to allow examination of outcomes among beta-agonist users of different races and genotypes.
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- 2007
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28. Drosophila R8 photoreceptor cell subtype specification requires hibris
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Tan, Hong, primary, Fulton, Ruth E., additional, Chou, Wen-Hai, additional, Birkholz, Denise A., additional, Mannino, Meridee P., additional, Yamaguchi, David M., additional, Aldrich, John C., additional, Jacobsen, Thomas L., additional, and Britt, Steven G., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Equiprobable discrete models of site-specific substitution rates underestimate the extent of rate variability
- Author
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Mannino, Frank, primary, Wisotsky, Sadie, additional, Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L., additional, and Muse, Spencer V., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Radiocarbon dating and isotope analysis on the purported Aurignacian skeletal remains from Fontana Nuova (Ragusa, Italy)
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Di Maida, Gianpiero, primary, Mannino, Marcello A., additional, Krause-Kyora, Ben, additional, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, additional, and Talamo, Sahra, additional
- Published
- 2019
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31. Correction: Origanum vulgare terpenoids modulate Myrmica scabrinodis brain biogenic amines and ant behaviour
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Mannino, Giuseppe, primary, Abdi, Gholamreza, additional, Maffei, Massimo Emilio, additional, and Barbero, Francesca, additional
- Published
- 2019
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32. Origanum vulgare terpenoids modulate Myrmica scabrinodis brain biogenic amines and ant behaviour
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Mannino, Giuseppe, primary, Abdi, Gholamreza, additional, Maffei, Massimo Emilio, additional, and Barbero, Francesca, additional
- Published
- 2018
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33. Plasma kisspeptin levels are associated with insulin secretion in nondiabetic individuals
- Author
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Andreozzi, Francesco, primary, Mannino, Gaia Chiara, additional, Mancuso, Elettra, additional, Spiga, Rosangela, additional, Perticone, Francesco, additional, and Sesti, Giorgio, additional
- Published
- 2017
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34. Impaired Increase of Plasma Abscisic Acid in Response to Oral Glucose Load in Type 2 Diabetes and in Gestational Diabetes
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Gabriella Andraghetti, Davide Maggi, Giovanni Murialdo, Pier Luigi Venturini, Santina Bruzzone, Renzo Cordera, Elena Mannino, Giovanna Sociali, Antonella Ferraiolo, Giovanni Adami, Monica Laura Ponta, Pietro Ameri, Lucia Briatore, Annalisa Salis, and Elena Zocchi
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,computer.programming_language ,Aged ,Glucose tolerance test ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Insulin ,lcsh:R ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Fasting ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Gestational diabetes ,Diabetes, Gestational ,ABAP ,Endocrinology ,Basal (medicine) ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Case-Control Studies ,Hyperglycemia ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,business ,computer ,Research Article ,Abscisic Acid - Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is present and active in humans, regulating glucose homeostasis. In normal glucose tolerant (NGT) human subjects, plasma ABA (ABAp) increases 5-fold after an oral glucose load. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an oral glucose load on ABAp in type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. We chose two sub-groups of patients who underwent an oral glucose load for diagnostic purposes: i) 9 treatment-naive T2D subjects, and ii) 9 pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM), who underwent the glucose load before and 8-12 weeks after childbirth. Each group was compared with matched NGT controls. The increase of ABAp in response to glucose was found to be abrogated in T2D patients compared to NGT controls. A similar result was observed in the women with GDM compared to pregnant NGT controls; 8-12 weeks after childbirth, however, fasting ABAp and ABAp response to glucose were restored to normal in the GDM subjects, along with glucose tolerance. We also retrospectively compared fasting ABAp before and after bilio-pancreatic diversion (BPD) in obese, but not diabetic subjects, and in obese T2D patients, in which BPD resulted in the resolution of diabetes. Compared to pre-BPD values, basal ABAp significantly increased 1 month after BPD in T2D as well as in NGT subjects, in parallel with a reduction of fasting plasma glucose. These results indicate an impaired hyperglycemia-induced ABAp increase in T2D and in GDM and suggest a beneficial effect of elevated ABAp on glycemic control.
- Published
- 2015
35. Abscisic Acid Stimulates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion from L-Cells and Its Oral Administration Increases Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels in Rats
- Author
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Antonio De Flora, Chiara Fresia, Santina Bruzzone, Laura Sturla, Mirko Magnone, Giovanna Sociali, Laura Emionite, Elena Mannino, Elena Zocchi, and Valeria Booz
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,Enteroendocrine Cells ,Glucose uptake ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Administration, Oral ,lcsh:Medicine ,Enteroendocrine cell ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Internal medicine ,Cyclic AMP ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Glucose homeostasis ,Secretion ,Rats, Wistar ,lcsh:Science ,Abscisic acid ,Multidisciplinary ,organic chemicals ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,Membrane Proteins ,Nuclear Proteins ,food and beverages ,Phosphate-Binding Proteins ,Glucagon-like peptide-1 ,Rats ,Glutamine ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,Abscisic Acid ,Research Article - Abstract
In recent years, Abscisic Acid (ABA) has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in mammals as an endogenous hormone, by stimulating both insulin release and peripheral glucose uptake. In addition, ABA is released by glucose- or GLP-1-stimulated β-pancreatic cells. Here we investigated whether ABA can stimulate GLP-1 release. The human enteroendocrine L cell line hNCI-H716 was used to explore whether ABA stimulates in vitro GLP-1 secretion and/or transcription. ABA induced GLP-1 release in hNCI-H716 cells, through a cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanism. ABA also enhanced GLP-1 transcription. In addition, oral administration of ABA significantly increased plasma GLP-1 and insulin levels in rats. In conclusion, ABA can stimulate GLP-1 release: this result and the previous observation that GLP-1 stimulates ABA release from β -cells, suggest a positive feed-back mechanism between ABA and GLP-1, regulating glucose homeostasis. Type 2 diabetes treatments targeting the GLP-1 axis by either inhibiting its rapid clearance by dipeptidyl-peptidase IV or using GLP-1 mimetics are currently used. Moreover, the development of treatments aimed at stimulating GLP-1 release from L cells has been considered as an alternative approach. Accordingly, our finding that ABA increases GLP-1 release in vitro and in vivo may suggest ABA and/or ABA analogs as potential anti-diabetic treatments.
- Published
- 2015
36. Plasma kisspeptin levels are associated with insulin secretion in nondiabetic individuals
- Author
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Elettra Mancuso, Rosangela Spiga, Francesco Andreozzi, Gaia Chiara Mannino, Giorgio Sesti, and Francesco Perticone
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Oral Glucose Suppression Test ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Blood Pressure ,Biochemistry ,Vascular Medicine ,Body Mass Index ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Kisspeptin ,Insulin Secretion ,Blood plasma ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Insulin ,Glucose homeostasis ,lcsh:Science ,Glucose Tolerance ,Kisspeptins ,Glucose tolerance test ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Organic Compounds ,Monosaccharides ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Body Fluids ,Chemistry ,Blood ,Physical Sciences ,Female ,Anatomy ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Carbohydrates ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Blood Plasma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Diabetic Endocrinology ,Pharmacology ,Endocrine Physiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Hormones ,Pharmacologic-Based Diagnostics ,protein-coupledreceptor ,glucose-tolerance ,kiss-1 ,Metabolism ,Glucose ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,Glucose Tolerance Tests ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
To evaluate if plasma kisspeptin concentrations are associated with insulin secretion, as suggested by recent in vitro studies, independently of confounders. 261 nondiabetic subjects were stratified into tertiles according to kisspeptin values. Insulin secretion was assessed using indexes derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, subjects in the highest (tertile 3) kisspeptin group exhibited significantly lower values of insulinogenic index, corrected insulin response (CIR30), and Stumvoll indexes for first-phase and second-phase insulin release as compared with low (tertile 1) or intermediate (tertile 2) kisspeptin groups. Univariate correlations between kisspeptin concentration and metabolic variables showed that kisspeptin concentration was significantly and positively correlated with age, blood pressure, and 2-h post-load glucose, and inversely correlated with BMI, and waist circumference. There was an inverse relationship between kisspeptin levels and OGTT-derived indexes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A multivariable regression analysis in a model including all the variables significantly correlated with kisspeptin concentration showed thar age (β = -0.338, P
- Published
- 2017
37. Trends in the Use, Sociodemographic Correlates, and Undertreatment of Prescription Medications for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States from 1999 to 2010
- Author
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Letitia Presley-Cantrell, Yong Liu, David M. Mannino, Anne G. Wheaton, Earl S. Ford, Janet B. Croft, and Wayne H. Giles
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,Pulmonology ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prevalence ,Clinical Epidemiology ,Public and Occupational Health ,Young adult ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,lcsh:Science ,COPD ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Middle Aged ,Nutrition Surveys ,Research Design ,Health Services Research ,Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health ,Research Article ,Spirometry ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prescription Drugs ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Clinical Research Design ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Pulmonary disease ,Health Informatics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Young Adult ,Pharmacotherapy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical prescription ,Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology ,Aged ,Demography ,Health Care Policy ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,Pharmacoepidemiology ,lcsh:R ,medicine.disease ,United States ,respiratory tract diseases ,Health Care ,Socioeconomic Factors ,lcsh:Q ,Self Report ,Clinical Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background The extent to which patients with COPD are receiving indicated treatment with medications to improve lung function and recent trends in the use of these medications is not well documented in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine trends in prescription medications for COPD among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2010. Methods We performed a trend analysis using data from up to 1426 participants aged ≥20 years with self-reported COPD from six national surveys (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010). Results During 2009–2010, the age-adjusted percentage of participants who used any kind of medication was 44.2%. Also during 2009–2010, the most commonly used medications were short-acting agents (36.0%), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (18.3%), and LABAs (16.7%). The use of long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) (p for trend
- Published
- 2014
38. Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey: Economic Impact of COPD in 12 Countries
- Author
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Foo, Jason, primary, Landis, Sarah H., additional, Maskell, Joe, additional, Oh, Yeon-Mok, additional, van der Molen, Thys, additional, Han, MeiLan K., additional, Mannino, David M., additional, Ichinose, Masakazu, additional, and Punekar, Yogesh, additional
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
39. Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey: Economic Impact of COPD in 12 Countries
- Author
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Masakazu Ichinose, Sarah H. Landis, Yeon-Mok Oh, Jason Foo, MeiLan K. Han, David M. Mannino, Joe Maskell, Yogesh Suresh Punekar, Thys van der Molen, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
- Subjects
Male ,Critical Care and Emergency Medicine ,Pulmonology ,Financial Management ,Economics ,Cross-sectional study ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Russia ,Geographical Locations ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,Indirect costs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Economic impact analysis ,lcsh:Science ,Netherlands ,COPD ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,PRODUCTIVITY ,Health Care Costs ,Middle Aged ,Europe ,Hospitalization ,Italy ,Scale (social sciences) ,NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,Health Resources ,Female ,BURDEN ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Population ,MEDLINE ,OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE ,03 medical and health sciences ,South Korea ,Environmental health ,Republic of Korea ,Indirect Costs ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Economic Analysis ,United Kingdom ,United States ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,GLOBAL IMPACT ,030228 respiratory system ,Economic Impact Analysis ,People and Places ,Physical therapy ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Finance ,COSTS - Abstract
BackgroundThe Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey estimated the prevalence and burden of COPD across 12 countries. Using data from this survey we evaluated the economic impact of COPD.MethodsThis cross-sectional, population-based survey questioned 4,343 subjects aged 40 years and older, fulfilling a case definition of COPD based on self-reported physician diagnosis or symptomatology. Direct cost measures were based on exacerbations of COPD (treated and those requiring emergency department visits and/or hospitalisation), contacts with healthcare professionals, and COPD medications. Indirect costs were calculated from work loss values using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale. Combined direct and indirect costs estimated the total societal costs per patient.ResultsThe annual direct costs of COPD ranged from $504 (South Korea) to $9,981 (USA), with inpatient hospitalisations (5 countries) and home oxygen therapy (3 countries) being the key drivers of direct costs. The proportion of patients completely prevented from working due to their COPD ranged from 6% (Italy) to 52% (USA and UK) with 8 countries reporting this to be >= 20%. Total societal costs per patient varied widely from $1,721 (Russia) to $30,826 (USA) but a consistent pattern across countries showed greater costs among those with increased burden of COPD (symptoms, health status and more severe disease) and a greater number of comorbidities.ConclusionsThe economic burden of COPD is considerable across countries, and requires targeted resources to optimise COPD management encompassing the control of symptoms, prevention of exacerbations and effective treatment of comorbidities. Strategies to allow COPD patients to remain in work are important for addressing the substantial wider societal costs.
- Published
- 2016
40. A functional variant of the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 gene is associated with insulin sensitivity
- Author
-
Daniela Scarpelli, Gaia Chiara Mannino, Ivan Presta, Angela Sciacqua, Agostino Consoli, Marta Letizia Hribal, Elena Succurro, Francesco Perticone, Assunta Pandolfi, Sara Di Silvestre, Natalia Di Pietro, Francesco Andreozzi, and Giorgio Sesti
- Subjects
Male ,Anatomy and Physiology ,Mouse ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,Cardiovascular ,Cardiovascular System ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Blood plasma ,Insulin ,Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation ,Peripheral Vascular Diseases ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Animal Models ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Circulatory Physiology ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,Endocrine System ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Amidohydrolases ,Model Organisms ,Insulin resistance ,Vascular Biology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,RNA, Messenger ,Allele ,Biology ,Diabetic Endocrinology ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Rat ,Insulin Resistance ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,Asymmetric dimethylarginine - Abstract
BackgroundAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which was associated with insulin resistance. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is the major determinant of plasma ADMA. Examining data from the DIAGRAM+ (Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis), we identified a variant (rs9267551) in the DDAH2 gene nominally associated with type 2 diabetes (P = 3 × 10(-5)).Methodology/principal findingsinitially, we assessed the functional impact of rs9267551 in human endothelial cells (HUVECs), observing that the G allele had a lower transcriptional activity resulting in reduced expression of DDAH2 and decreased NO production in primary HUVECs naturally carrying it. We then proceeded to investigate whether this variant is associated with insulin sensitivity in vivo. To this end, two cohorts of nondiabetic subjects of European ancestry were studied. In sample 1 (n = 958) insulin sensitivity was determined by the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), while in sample 2 (n = 527) it was measured with a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. In sample 1, carriers of the GG genotype had lower ISI than carriers of the C allele (67 ± 33 vs.79 ± 44; P = 0.003 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). ADMA levels were higher in subjects carrying the GG genotype than in carriers of the C allele (0.68 ± 0.14 vs. 0.57 ± 0.14 µmol/l; P = 0.04). In sample 2, glucose disposal was lower in GG carriers as compared with C carriers (9.3 ± 4.1 vs. 11.0 ± 4.2 mg × Kg(-1) free fat mass × min(-1); P = 0.009).Conclusions/significanceA functional polymorphism of the DDAH2 gene may confer increased risk for type 2 diabetes by affecting insulin sensitivity throughout increased ADMA levels.
- Published
- 2012
41. Abscisic Acid Stimulates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion from L-Cells and Its Oral Administration Increases Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels in Rats
- Author
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Bruzzone, Santina, primary, Magnone, Mirko, additional, Mannino, Elena, additional, Sociali, Giovanna, additional, Sturla, Laura, additional, Fresia, Chiara, additional, Booz, Valeria, additional, Emionite, Laura, additional, De Flora, Antonio, additional, and Zocchi, Elena, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Impaired Increase of Plasma Abscisic Acid in Response to Oral Glucose Load in Type 2 Diabetes and in Gestational Diabetes
- Author
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Ameri, Pietro, primary, Bruzzone, Santina, additional, Mannino, Elena, additional, Sociali, Giovanna, additional, Andraghetti, Gabriella, additional, Salis, Annalisa, additional, Ponta, Monica Laura, additional, Briatore, Lucia, additional, Adami, Giovanni F., additional, Ferraiolo, Antonella, additional, Venturini, Pier Luigi, additional, Maggi, Davide, additional, Cordera, Renzo, additional, Murialdo, Giovanni, additional, and Zocchi, Elena, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Origin and Diet of the Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers on the Mediterranean Island of Favignana (Ègadi Islands, Sicily)
- Author
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Mannino, Marcello A., primary, Catalano, Giulio, additional, Talamo, Sahra, additional, Mannino, Giovanni, additional, Di Salvo, Rosaria, additional, Schimmenti, Vittoria, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, Messina, Andrea, additional, Petruso, Daria, additional, Caramelli, David, additional, Richards, Michael P., additional, and Sineo, Luca, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism, lung function, and mortality: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
- Author
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Molly S. Bray, Marta Gwinn, David M. Mannino, and Jill M. Ferdinands
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mutation, Missense ,Public Health and Epidemiology ,Respiratory Medicine/Asthma ,lcsh:Medicine ,Gastroenterology ,Pulmonary function testing ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Genotype ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Adverse effect ,lcsh:Science ,Lung ,Respiratory Medicine ,Asthma ,Probability ,Multidisciplinary ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Smoking ,lcsh:R ,Genetics and Genomics ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Atherosclerosis ,United States ,3. Good health ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Pulmonology ,030228 respiratory system ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Immunology ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 ,business ,Cohort study ,Follow-Up Studies ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Methodology and Principal Findings We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Associations were examined separately for blacks and whites. Black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype had better lung function at baseline and at the second clinical visit than those with Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes. Adjusted mean percent-predicted FEV1 was 21% higher in Arg/Arg subjects compared to Gly/Gly at baseline (p = 0.01) and 20% higher than Gly/Gly at visit 2 (p = 0.01). Arg/Gly subjects had adjusted percent-predicted FEV1 17% lower than Arg/Arg at baseline but were similar to Arg/Arg subjects at visit 2. Although black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype appeared to have better crude survival rates, the association between genotype and all-cause mortality was inconclusive. We found no difference in lung function or mortality by genotype among blacks who did not use beta-agonists or among whites, regardless of beta-agonist use. Conclusions Black beta-agonist users with the ADRB2 Arg16Arg genotype had better lung function, and, possibly, better overall survival compared to black beta-agonist users with the Gly16Gly genotype. Our findings highlight the need for additional studies of sufficient size and statistical power to allow examination of outcomes among beta-agonist users of different races and genotypes.
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- 2007
45. Trends in the Use, Sociodemographic Correlates, and Undertreatment of Prescription Medications for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States from 1999 to 2010
- Author
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Ford, Earl S., primary, Mannino, David M., additional, Wheaton, Anne G., additional, Presley-Cantrell, Letitia, additional, Liu, Yong, additional, Giles, Wayne H., additional, and Croft, Janet B., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Fasting Insulin–Raising Allele at IGF1 Locus Is Associated with Circulating Levels of IGF-1 and Insulin Sensitivity
- Author
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Mannino, Gaia Chiara, primary, Greco, Annalisa, additional, De Lorenzo, Carlo, additional, Andreozzi, Francesco, additional, Marini, Maria A., additional, Perticone, Francesco, additional, and Sesti, Giorgio, additional
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Functional Variant of the Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase-2 Gene Is Associated with Insulin Sensitivity
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Andreozzi, Francesco, primary, Presta, Ivan, additional, Mannino, Gaia Chiara, additional, Scarpelli, Daniela, additional, Di Silvestre, Sara, additional, Di Pietro, Natalia, additional, Succurro, Elena, additional, Sciacqua, Angela, additional, Pandolfi, Assunta, additional, Consoli, Agostino, additional, Hribal, Marta Letizia, additional, Perticone, Francesco, additional, and Sesti, Giorgio, additional
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- 2012
- Full Text
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48. ADRB2 Arg16Gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, and Mortality: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
- Author
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Ferdinands, Jill M., primary, Mannino, David M., additional, Gwinn, Marta L., additional, and Bray, Molly S., additional
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- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Fasting Insulin–Raising Allele at IGF1 Locus Is Associated with Circulating Levels of IGF-1 and Insulin Sensitivity.
- Author
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Mannino, Gaia Chiara, Greco, Annalisa, De Lorenzo, Carlo, Andreozzi, Francesco, Marini, Maria A., Perticone, Francesco, and Sesti, Giorgio
- Subjects
- *
INSULIN resistance , *ALLELES , *SOMATOMEDIN C , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *GENETIC carriers , *HYPERINSULINISM , *META-analysis - Abstract
Background:A meta-analysis of genome-wide data reported the discovery of the rs35767 polymorphism near IGF1 with genome-wide significant association with fasting insulin levels. However, it is unclear whether the effects of this polymorphism on fasting insulin are mediated by a reduced insulin sensitivity or impaired insulin clearance. We investigated the effects of the rs35767 polymorphism on circulating IGF-1 levels, insulin sensitivity, and insulin clearance. Methodology/Principal Findings:Two samples of adult nondiabetic white Europeans were studied. In sample 1 (n=569), IGF-1 levels were lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (190±77 vs. 218±97 ng/ml, respectively; P=0.007 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). Insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycaemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (8.9±4.1 vs. 10.1±5.1 mg x Kg-1 free fat mass x min-1, respectively; P=0.03 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). The rs35767 polymorphism did not show significant association with insulin clearance. In sample 2 (n=859), IGF-1 levels were lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (155±60 vs. 164±63 ng/ml, respectively; P=0.02 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). Insulin sensitivity, as estimated by the HOMA index, was lower in GG genotype carriers compared with A allele carriers (2.8±2.2 vs. 2.5±1.3, respectively; P=0.03 after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI). Conclusion/Significance:The rs35767 polymorphism near IGF1 was associated with circulating IGF-1 levels, and insulin sensitivity with carriers of the GG genotype exhibiting lower IGF-1 concentrations and insulin sensitivity as compared with subjects carrying the A allele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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