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1. Phenolic extract from oleaster (Olea europaea var. Sylvestris) leaves reduces colon cancer growth and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

Author

Abdelhafid Nani, Naim Akhtar Khan, Ikram Aboura, Adélie Dumont, Meriem Belarbi, Fatima Zahra Ghanemi, Wafa Zeriouh, Danish Patoli, François Ghiringhelli, Aziz Hichami, Babar Murtaza, Lionel Apetoh, Cédric Rébé, Charlotte De Rosny, Dominique Delmas, Mickaël Rialland, Charles Thomas, Produits naturels 'la prona' (Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de da Vie et Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Université Aboubekr Belkaid), Université Aboubekr Belkaid - University of Belkaïd Abou Bekr [Tlemcen], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Leaves, Carcinoma Cells, lcsh:Medicine, Apoptosis, Plant Science, Mitochondrion, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Biochemistry, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Mitochondrial calcium uptake, Disease, lcsh:Science, Energy-Producing Organelles, Staining, chemistry.chemical_classification, Secretory Pathway, Multidisciplinary, Cell Death, Plant Anatomy, Cytochrome c, Cell Staining, Animal Models, Mitochondria, Olive Leaf Extract, Chemistry, Oncology, Experimental Organism Systems, Cell Processes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical Sciences, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, Programmed cell death, Activation, Mouse Models, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Bioenergetics, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Colorectal-Cancer, Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Phenols, Cytochrome-C, Colorectal Cancer, Reactive oxygen species, P53, Cell growth, Protein, lcsh:R, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, Polyphenols, Cell Biology, Molecular biology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, biology.protein, Calcium, lcsh:Q
Abstract

Erratum inCorrection: Phenolic extract from oleaster (Olea europaea var. Sylvestris) leaves reduces colon cancer growth and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. [PLoS One. 2017]; International audience; Dietary polyphenols, derived from natural products, have received a great interest for their chemopreventive properties against cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of phenolic extract of the oleaster leaves (PEOL) on tumor growth in mouse model and on cell death in colon cancer cell lines. We assessed the effect of oleaster leaf infusion on HCT116 (human colon cancer cell line) xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. We observed that oleaster leaf polyphenol-rich infusion limited HCT116 tumor growth in vivo. Investigations of PEOL on two human CRC cell lines showed that PEOL induced apoptosis in HCT116 and HCT8 cells. We demonstrated an activation of caspase-3, -7 and -9 by PEOL and that pre-treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk), prevented PEOL-induced cell death. We observed an involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in PEOL-induced apoptosis evidenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. Increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by PEOL represents the early event involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis induced by PEOL, as ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibited apoptotic effect of PEOL, BAPTA/AM inhibited PEOL-induced ROS generation and finally, N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed ER stress and apoptotic effect of PEOL. These results demonstrate that polyphenols from oleaster leaves might have a strong potential as chemopreventive agent in colorectal cancer.

Published
2017

2. Identification of Antigenic Proteins from Lichtheimia corymbifera for Farmer’s Lung Disease Diagnosis

Author

Stéphane Jouneau, Jean-Marc Fellrath, Denis Caillaud, Laurence Millon, Bénédicte Rognon, Sandrine Roussel, Michel Monod, Isabelle Court-Fortune, Manfredo Quadroni, Benoît Valot, Gabriel Reboux, Coralie Barrera, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] ( IBCP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail ( Irset ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] ( EHESP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de Pneumologie [Saint-Etienne], CHU Saint-Etienne, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie thoracique [CHU Saint-Etienne], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Lichtheimia corymbifera, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Immunoglobulin G, Mass Spectrometry, law.invention, Serology, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Databases, Genetic, Medicine and Health Sciences, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, lcsh:Science, Protein Metabolism, Multidisciplinary, Immune System Proteins, Farmer's lung, Physics, Fungal genetics, Recombinant Proteins, 3. Good health, Physical Sciences, Recombinant DNA, Mucorales, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Female, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Antigens, Fungal, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Blotting, Western, Biophysics, Sequence Databases, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Immunoassays, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Molecular Biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Ion Transport, Sequence Analysis, RNA, lcsh:R, fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, RNA, Fungal, medicine.disease, Chaperone Proteins, Metabolism, Biological Databases, 030228 respiratory system, Case-Control Studies, Farmer's Lung, biology.protein, Immunologic Techniques, lcsh:Q
Abstract

International audience; The use of recombinant antigens has been shown to improve both the sensitivity and the standardization of the serological diagnosis of Farmer's lung disease (FLD). The aim of this study was to complete the panel of recombinant antigens available for FLD serodiagnosis with antigens of Lichtheimia corymbifera, known to be involved in FLD. L. corymbifera proteins were thus separated by 2D electrophoresis and subjected to western blotting with sera from 7 patients with FLD and 9 healthy exposed controls (HEC). FLD-associated immunoreactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry based on a protein database specifically created for this study and subsequently produced as recombinant antigens. The ability of recombinant antigens to discriminate patients with FLD from controls was assessed by ELISA performed with sera from FLD patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 43) recruited from five university hospital pneumology departments of France and Switzerland. Forty-one FLD-associated immunoreactive proteins from L. corymbifera were identified. Six of them were produced as recombinant antigens. With a sensitivity and specificity of 81.4 and 77.3% respectively, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase was the most effective antigen for discriminating FLD patients from HEC. ELISA performed with the putative proteasome subunit alpha type as an antigen was especially specific (88.6%) and could thus be used for FLD confirmation. The production of recombinant antigens from L. corymbifera represents an additional step towards the development of a standardized ELISA kit for FLD diagnosis. © 2016 Rognon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Published
2016

3. A New High-Throughput Approach to Genotype Ancient Human Gastrointestinal Parasites

Author

Julien Daligault, Olivier Gorgé, Thierry Grange, Eva-Maria Geigl, Silvia Guimaraes, Nicolas Capelli, Mélanie Pruvost, Nathalie M. L. Côté, E. Andrew Bennett, Matthieu Le Bailly, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comte region, French National Research Center (CNRS), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of the Franche-Comte University, University Paris Diderot, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DGE20111123014), Région Ile-de-France (grant 11015901), Épigénome et paléogénome : Co-responsable : T. Grange/EM Geigl, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, 030231 tropical medicine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Species level, Helminths, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Parasites, [ SDV.GEN.GH ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, lcsh:Science, Genotyping, History, Ancient, Ovum, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, DNA, Gastrointestinal parasites, Gastrointestinal Tract, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Archaeology, Evolutionary biology, [ SHS.ANTHRO-BIO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Identification (biology), lcsh:Q, Ancien DNA, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Human gastrointestinal parasites are good indicators for hygienic conditions and health status of past and present individuals and communities. While microscopic analysis of eggs in sediments of archeological sites often allows their taxonomic identification, this method is rarely effective at the species level, and requires both the survival of intact eggs and their proper identification. Genotyping via PCR-based approaches has the potential to achieve a precise species-level taxonomic determination. However, so far it has mostly been applied to individual eggs isolated from archeological samples. To increase the throughput and tax-onomic accuracy, as well as reduce costs of genotyping methods, we adapted a PCR-based approach coupled with next-generation sequencing to perform precise taxonomic identification of parasitic helminths directly from archeological sediments. Our study of twenty-five 100 to 7,200 year-old archeological samples proved this to be a powerful, reliable and efficient approach for species determination even in the absence of preserved eggs, either as a stand-alone method or as a complement to microscopic studies.

Published
2016

4. Methicillin-Susceptible ST398 Staphylococcus aureus Responsible for Bloodstream Infections: An Emerging Human-Adapted Subclone?

Author

Anne-Sophie Valentin-Domelier, Myriam Girard, Xavier Bertrand, Jérémie Violette, Patrice François, Pierre-Yves Donnio, Daniel Talon, Roland Quentin, Jacques Schrenzel, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Bloodstream Infection Study Group of the Réseau des Hygiénistes du Centre (RHC), Genomic research lab, Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Microbiologie : Risques Infectieux, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Hôpital Pontchaillou, Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Laboratory of bacteriology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes - UFR d'Odontologie (UR Odontologie), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], van der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Bacterial Diseases, Male, Epidemiology, Swine, Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism, DIVERSITY, lcsh:Medicine, Bacteremia, RESISTANT, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, EMERGENCE, Methicillin, law, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Prevalence, Cluster Analysis, lcsh:Science, Polymerase chain reaction, Staphylococci, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Meat/microbiology, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcal Infections, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Bacterial Pathogens, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin/pharmacology, Medical Microbiology, Medicine, Female, France, Research Article, Meat, LINEAGES, STRAINS, CLONES, Food Contamination, Biology, Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis, Staphylococcal infections, Microbiology, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Lysogenic cycle, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Occupational Exposure, medicine, Animals, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, 030304 developmental biology, Gram Positive, Models, Statistical, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, Staphylococcal Infections/blood/epidemiology, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Food Microbiology, lcsh:Q, human activities, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; In the course of an annual 3-month bloodstream infections (BSI) survey conducted during a four-year period in 31 healthcare institutions located in three noncontiguous French regions, we report 18 ST398 Staphylococcus aureus BSI. ST398 BSI incidence showed a seven-fold increase during the study period (0.002 per 1,000 patient days in 2007 vs. 0.014 in 2010). ST398 BSI isolates differed from the pig-borne multiresistant clone: 17/18 BSI isolates were methicillin susceptible and none was of t011, t034 or t108 pig-borne spa-types. ST398 BSI isolates had homogenous resistance patterns (15/18 with only Ery(r)) and prophagic content (all harboured the hlb-converting Sau3int phage). The clustering of BSI and pig-borne isolates by spa-typing and MLVA, the occurrence of Sau3int phage in BSI isolates and the lack of this phage in pig-borne isolates suggest that the emergence of BSI isolates could have arisen from horizontal transfer, at least of the Sau3int phage, in genetically diverse MSSA ST398 isolates. The acquisition of the phage likely plays a role in the increasing ability of the lysogenic ST398 isolates to colonize human. The mode of acquisition of the non pig-borne ST398 isolates by our 18 patients remains unclear. ST398 BSI were diagnosed in patients lacking livestock exposure and were significantly associated with digestive portals of entry (3/18 [16.7%] for ST398 vs. 19/767 [2.5%] for non ST398 BSI; p = .012). This raises the question of possible foodborne human infections. We suggest the need for active surveillance to study and control the spread of this human-adapted subclone increasingly isolated in the hospital setting.

Published
2011

5. Tracking Nile Delta Vulnerability to Holocene Change

Author

Christophe Morhange, Clément Flaux, Nick Marriner, Jean-Daniel Stanley, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-12-SENV-0008,GEOMAR,Gestion de la ressource en Eau dans l'Orient Méditerranéen : Alexandrie et son Réseau hydrographique(2012), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS )

Subjects
Delta, Geologic Sediments, 010506 paleontology, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Delta ecosystems, Science, Climate change, Context (language use), Biology, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Holocene epoch, Rivers, Flooding, Paleoclimatology, Water Movements, Humans, Seawater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, Medicine, Egypt, Sediment, Physical geography, Sedimentation, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Understanding deltaic resilience in the face of Holocene climate change and human impacts is an important challenge for the earth sciences in characterizing the full range of present and future wetland responses to global warming. Here, we report an 8000-year mass balance record from the Nile Delta to reconstruct when and how this sedimentary basin has responded to past hydrological shifts. In a global Holocene context, the long-term decrease in Nile Delta accretion rates is consistent with insolation-driven changes in the 'monsoon pacemaker', attested throughout the mid-latitude tropics. Following the early to mid-Holocene growth of the Nile's deltaic plain, sediment losses and pronounced erosion are first recorded after ~4000 years ago, the corollaries of falling sediment supply and an intensification of anthropogenic impacts from the Pharaonic period onwards. Against the backcloth of the Saharan 'depeopling', reduced river flow underpinned by a weakening of monsoonal precipitation appears to have been particularly conducive to the expansion of human activities on the delta by exposing productive floodplain lands for occupation and irrigation agriculture. The reconstruction suggests that the Nile Delta has a particularly long history of vulnerability to extreme events (e.g. floods and storms) and sea-level rise, although the present sediment-starved system does not have a direct Holocene analogue. This study highlights the importance of the world's deltas as sensitive archives to investigate Holocene geosystem responses to climate change, risks and hazards, and societal interaction. Citation: Marriner N, Flaux C, Morhange C, Stanley J (2013) Tracking Nile Delta Vulnerability to Holocene Change. PLoS ONE 8(7): e69195.

Published
2013

6. Tracking Down Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in a Wastewater Network

Author

Didier Hocquet, Michelle Thouverez, Daniel Talon, Pascal Cholley, Xavier Bertrand, Julie Plantin, C. Slekovec, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)

Subjects
Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Sewage, Environmental pollution, Wastewater, medicine.disease_cause, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Gram Negative, lcsh:Science, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Pseudomonas, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Terrestrial Environments, Hospitals, 6. Clean water, Bacterial Pathogens, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Medicine, Sewage treatment, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Infectious Disease Control, Genotype, Environment, Microbiology, Environmental Epidemiology, beta-Lactam Resistance, Microbial Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Pseudomonas Infections, Urban Ecology, Biology, Effluent, 030304 developmental biology, Population Biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Multilocus sequence typing, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Ecology, Environmental Pollution, business, Ecological Environments
Abstract

International audience; The Pseudomonas aeruginosa-containing wastewater released by hospitals is treated by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), generating sludge, which is used as a fertilizer, and effluent, which is discharged into rivers. We evaluated the risk of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa (AR-PA) from the hospital to the environment via the wastewater network. Over a 10-week period, we sampled weekly 11 points (hospital and urban wastewater, untreated and treated water, sludge) of the wastewater network and the river upstream and downstream of the WWTP of a city in eastern France. We quantified the P. aeruginosa load by colony counting. We determined the susceptibility to 16 antibiotics of 225 isolates, which we sorted into three categories (wild-type, antibiotic-resistant and multidrug-resistant). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) were identified by gene sequencing. All non-wild-type isolates (n = 56) and a similar number of wild-type isolates (n = 54) were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Almost all the samples (105/110, 95.5%) contained P. aeruginosa, with high loads in hospital wastewater and sludge (≥3×10(6) CFU/l or/kg). Most of the multidrug-resistant isolates belonged to ST235, CC111 and ST395. They were found in hospital wastewater and some produced ESBLs such as PER-1 and MBLs such as IMP-29. The WWTP greatly reduced P. aeruginosa counts in effluent, but the P. aeruginosa load in the river was nonetheless higher downstream than upstream from the WWTP. We conclude that the antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa released by hospitals is found in the water downstream from the WWTP and in sludge, constituting a potential risk of environmental contamination.

Published
2012

7. Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes: The ENTRED Study 2007, a French Population-Based Study

Author

Cécile Fournier, Alfred Penfornis, Frédéric Mauny, Michel Tiv, Anne Fagot-Campagna, Alain Weill, Jean-François Viel, Eveline Eschwège, Service de diabétologie - endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de méthodologie clinique - CHU Besançon ( CMC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Cnam-TS, Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs salariés ( CNAMTS ), Ministère de l'économie et des finances-Ministère de l'économie et des finances, Inpes, INPES, Institut de Veille Sanitaire ( INVS ), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Service de Diabétologie - Endocrinologie [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon (Inserm CIC 1431), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs salariés (CNAMTS), Ministère de l'économie et des finances, Institut National de Prévention et d'Education pour la Santé ( INPES ), Marqueurs pronostiques et facteurs de régulations des pathologies cardiaques et vasculaires - UFC ( PCVP / CARDIO ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut National de Prévention et d'Education pour la Santé (INPES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Marqueurs pronostiques et facteurs de régulations des pathologies cardiaques et vasculaires - UFC ( EA 3920) (PCVP / CARDIO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Mauny, Frédéric, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Male, Multivariate analysis, Non-Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Logistic regression, Health administration, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Health care, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Reimbursement, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Medicine, Female, France, Research Article, Adult, Drugs and Devices, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Medication Adherence, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, medicine, Humans, Aged, Diabetic Endocrinology, business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, Multivariate Analysis, Physical therapy, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Self Report, business, Specialist Physician
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Adherence to prescribed medications is a key dimension of healthcare quality. The aim of this large population-based study was to evaluate self-reported medication adherence and to identify factors linked with poor adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in France. METHODOLOGY: The ENTRED study 2007, a French national survey of people treated for diabetes, was based on a representative sample of patients who claimed reimbursement for oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or insulin at least three times between August 2006 and July 2007, and who were randomly selected from the database of the two main National Health Insurance Systems. Medication adherence was determined using a six-item self-administered questionnaire. A multinomial polychotomous logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with medication adherence in the 3,637 persons with type 2 diabetes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty nine percent of patients reported good medication adherence, 49% medium adherence and 12% poor adherence. The factors significantly associated with poor adherence in multivariate analysis were socio-demographic factors: age 8% and existing diabetes complications; and health care-related factors: difficulties for taking medication alone, decision making by the patient only, poor acceptability of medical recommendations, lack of family or social support, need for information on treatment, reporting no confidence in the future, need for medical support and follow-up by a specialist physician. CONCLUSIONS: In a country with a high level of access to healthcare, our study demonstrated a substantial low level of medication adherence in type 2 diabetic patients. Better identification of those with poor adherence and individualised suitable recommendations remain essential for better healthcare management.

Published
2012

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