5 results on '"Kenneth G. C. Smith"'
Search Results
2. Lipid Anti-Lipid Antibody Responses Correlate with Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Author
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Vojislav JovanoviÄ, Nurhuda Abdul Aziz, Yan Ting Lim, Amanda Ng Ai Poh, Sherlynn Jin Hui Chan, Eliza Ho Xin Pei, Fei Chuin Lew, Guanghou Shui, Andrew M. Jenner, Li Bowen, Eoin F. McKinney, Paul A. Lyons, David M. Kemeny, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Markus R. Wenk, and Paul A. MacAry
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Science ,lcsh:R ,Correction ,Medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science - Published
- 2013
3. Lipid anti-lipid antibody responses correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
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Nurhuda Abdul Aziz, Michael D. Kemeny, Sherlynn Jin Hui Chan, Eliza Ho Xin Pei, Paul A. Lyons, Markus R. Wenk, Andrew M. Jenner, Eoin F. McKinney, Amanda Ng Ai Poh, Paul A. MacAry, Guanghou Shui, Fei Chuin Lew, Li Bowen, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Yan Ting Lim, Vojislav Jovanovic, McKinney, Eoin [0000-0003-3516-3072], Lyons, Paul [0000-0001-7035-8997], Smith, Kenneth [0000-0003-3829-4326], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Autoimmunity ,Disease ,Biochemistry ,Immunoglobulin G ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,immune system diseases ,Pathology ,Cardiolipin ,Medicine ,Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Immune Response ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Systemic lupus erythematosus ,biology ,Lipids ,3. Good health ,Cohort ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Antibody ,Research Article ,Test Evaluation ,Clinical Research Design ,Science ,Immunology ,Immunoglobulins ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Autoimmune Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Rheumatology ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Humans ,Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Autoantibodies ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,business.industry ,Autoantibody ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Clinical Immunology ,business ,Biomarkers ,General Pathology - Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by broad clinical manifestations including cardiovascular and renal complications with periodic disease flares and significant morbidity and mortality. One of the main contributing factors to the pathology of SLE is the accumulation and impaired clearance of immune complexes of which the principle components are host auto-antigens and antibodies. The contribution of host lipids to the formation of these autoimmune complexes remains poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to identify and analyze candidate lipid autoantigens and their corresponding anti-lipid antibody responses in a well-defined SLE patient cohort using a combination of immunological and biophysical techniques. Disease monitoring in the SLE cohort was undertaken with serial British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scoring. Correlations between specific lipid/anti-lipid responses were investigated as disease activity developed from active flares to quiescent during a follow up period. We report a significant negative correlation between anti-lipid antibodies for 24S-hydroxycholesterol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine with SLE disease activity. Taken together, these data suggest that lipid autoantigens represent a new family of biomarkers that can be employed to monitor disease activity plus the efficacy of therapeutic intervention in SLE.
- Published
- 2013
4. Peripheral Immune Cell Populations Associated with Cognitive Deficits and Negative Symptoms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
- Author
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Paul A. Lyons, Alex Hatton, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Syed Mustafa, Petra E. Vértes, Shaun M. Flint, Edward T. Bullmore, Lorinda Turner, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Fernandez-Egea, Emilio [0000-0003-4128-8955], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Dopamine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Biochemistry ,Immune Receptors ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,White Blood Cells ,Catecholamines ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal Cells ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Amines ,Young adult ,lcsh:Science ,Clozapine ,Cognitive Impairment ,Immune System Proteins ,Multidisciplinary ,T Cells ,Cognitive Neurology ,Organic Compounds ,Neurochemistry ,Cognition ,Neurotransmitters ,Regulatory T cells ,Middle Aged ,Flow Cytometry ,3. Good health ,Peripheral ,Killer Cells, Natural ,Chemistry ,Neurology ,Schizophrenia ,Physical Sciences ,Female ,Cellular Types ,Coreceptors ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Antipsychotic Agents ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,Biogenic Amines ,Immune Cells ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Immunology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Mental Health and Psychiatry ,medicine ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Blood Cells ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Compounds ,Receptors, Dopamine D3 ,Case-control study ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,CD coreceptors ,Cell Biology ,Dendritic Cells ,HLA-DR Antigens ,medicine.disease ,Hormones ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,T Cell Receptors ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030104 developmental biology ,Case-Control Studies ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Immunologic Memory ,Biomarkers ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypothetically, psychotic disorders could be caused or conditioned by immunological mechanisms. If so, one might expect there to be peripheral immune system phenotypes that are measurable in blood cells as biomarkers of psychotic states. METHODS: We used multi-parameter flow cytometry of venous blood to quantify and determine the activation state of 73 immune cell subsets for 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia (17 treated with clozapine), and 18 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, BMI and smoking. We used multivariate methods (partial least squares) to reduce dimensionality and define populations of differentially co-expressed cell counts in the cases compared to controls. RESULTS: Schizophrenia cases had increased relative numbers of NK cells, naïve B cells, CXCR5+ memory T cells and classical monocytes; and decreased numbers of dendritic cells (DC), HLA-DR+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and CD4+ memory T cells. Likewise, within the patient group, more severe negative and cognitive symptoms were associated with decreased relative numbers of dendritic cells, HLA-DR+ Tregs, and CD4+ memory T cells. Motivated by the importance of central nervous system dopamine signalling for psychosis, we measured dopamine receptor gene expression in separated CD4+ cells. Expression of the dopamine D3 (DRD3) receptor was significantly increased in clozapine-treated schizophrenia and covaried significantly with differentiated T cell classes in the CD4+ lineage. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral immune cell populations and dopaminergic signalling are disrupted in clozapine-treated schizophrenia. Immuno-phenotypes may provide peripherally accessible and mechanistically specific biomarkers of residual cognitive and negative symptoms in this treatment-resistant subgroup of patients.
- Published
- 2016
5. Peripheral Immune Cell Populations Associated with Cognitive Deficits and Negative Symptoms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
- Author
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Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Petra E Vértes, Shaun M Flint, Lorinda Turner, Syed Mustafa, Alex Hatton, Kenneth G C Smith, Paul A Lyons, and Edward T Bullmore
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Hypothetically, psychotic disorders could be caused or conditioned by immunological mechanisms. If so, one might expect there to be peripheral immune system phenotypes that are measurable in blood cells as biomarkers of psychotic states. METHODS:We used multi-parameter flow cytometry of venous blood to quantify and determine the activation state of 73 immune cell subsets for 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia (17 treated with clozapine), and 18 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, BMI and smoking. We used multivariate methods (partial least squares) to reduce dimensionality and define populations of differentially co-expressed cell counts in the cases compared to controls. RESULTS:Schizophrenia cases had increased relative numbers of NK cells, naïve B cells, CXCR5+ memory T cells and classical monocytes; and decreased numbers of dendritic cells (DC), HLA-DR+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and CD4+ memory T cells. Likewise, within the patient group, more severe negative and cognitive symptoms were associated with decreased relative numbers of dendritic cells, HLA-DR+ Tregs, and CD4+ memory T cells. Motivated by the importance of central nervous system dopamine signalling for psychosis, we measured dopamine receptor gene expression in separated CD4+ cells. Expression of the dopamine D3 (DRD3) receptor was significantly increased in clozapine-treated schizophrenia and covaried significantly with differentiated T cell classes in the CD4+ lineage. CONCLUSIONS:Peripheral immune cell populations and dopaminergic signalling are disrupted in clozapine-treated schizophrenia. Immuno-phenotypes may provide peripherally accessible and mechanistically specific biomarkers of residual cognitive and negative symptoms in this treatment-resistant subgroup of patients.
- Published
- 2016
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