1. Association of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Paraoxonase with Birth Outcome in Mexican-American Women
- Author
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Harley, Kim G, Huen, Karen, Schall, Raul Aguilar, Holland, Nina T, Bradman, Asa, Barr, Dana Boyd, and Eskenazi, Brenda
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Midwifery ,Health Sciences ,Paediatrics ,Reproductive Medicine ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Preterm ,Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn ,Infant Mortality ,Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods ,Pediatric ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Adult ,Aryldialkylphosphatase ,Female ,Genotype ,Gestational Age ,Humans ,Infant ,Newborn ,Longitudinal Studies ,Male ,Maternal Exposure ,Mexican Americans ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Pesticides ,Pregnancy ,Pregnancy Complications ,Young Adult ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
BackgroundEpidemiologic studies suggest that maternal organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure is associated with poorer fetal growth, but findings are inconsistent. We explored whether paraoxonase (PON1), a key enzyme involved in detoxification of OPs, could be an effect modifier in this association.MethodsThe study population included 470 pregnant women enrolled in the CHAMACOS Study, a longitudinal cohort study of mothers and children living in an agricultural region of California. We analyzed urine samples collected from mothers twice during pregnancy for dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides. We analyzed maternal and fetal (cord) blood samples for PON1 genotype (PON1(192) and PON1(-108)) and enzyme activity (paraoxonase and arylesterase). Infant birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age were obtained from medical records.ResultsInfants' PON1 genotype and activity were associated with birth outcome, but mothers' were not. Infants with the susceptible PON1(-108TT) genotype had shorter gestational age (β = -0.5 weeks, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.9, 0.0) and smaller head circumference (β = -0.4 cm, 95% CI: -0.7, 0.0) than those with the PON1(-108CC) genotype. Infants' arylesterase and paraoxonase activity were positively associated with gestational age. There was some evidence of effect modification with DAPs: maternal DAP concentrations were associated with shorter gestational age only among infants of the susceptible PON1(-108TT) genotype (p-value(interaction) = 0.09). However, maternal DAP concentrations were associated with larger birth weight (p-value(interaction) = 0.06) and head circumference (p-value(interaction)
- Published
- 2011