1. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-regulated genes with predicted signal peptides function in the Glycine max defense response to the root pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines
- Author
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Brant T. McNeece, Keshav Sharma, Prakash M. Niraula, Vincent P. Klink, Hallie A. Troell, Kathy S. Lawrence, Omar Darwish, and Nadim W. Alkharouf
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Cell signaling ,Gene Expression ,Signal transduction ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Plant Roots ,RNA interference ,Gene expression ,Amino Acids ,Post-Translational Modification ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Ecology ,Kinase ,Organic Compounds ,Gene Ontologies ,Signaling cascades ,Genomics ,Cell biology ,Trophic Interactions ,Nucleic acids ,Chemistry ,Genetic interference ,Community Ecology ,Parasitism ,Mitogen-activated protein kinase ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Epigenetics ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,Signal Peptides ,Research Article ,Signal peptide ,MAPK signaling cascades ,Science ,Glycine ,Protein Sorting Signals ,03 medical and health sciences ,DNA-binding proteins ,Genetics ,Animals ,Gene ,Arabinogalactan protein ,Plant Diseases ,Base Sequence ,Organic Chemistry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Computational Biology ,Genome Analysis ,Species Interactions ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Ontology ,Aliphatic Amino Acids ,biology.protein ,RNA ,Soybeans ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Glycine max has 32 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nine of them exhibiting defense functions (defense MAPKs) to the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines. RNA seq analyses of transgenic G. max lines overexpressing (OE) each defense MAPK has led to the identification of 309 genes that are increased in their relative transcript abundance by all 9 defense MAPKs. Here, 71 of those genes are shown to also have measurable amounts of transcript in H. glycines-induced nurse cells (syncytia) produced in the root that are undergoing a defense response. The 71 genes have been grouped into 7 types, based on their expression profile. Among the 71 genes are 8 putatively-secreted proteins that include a galactose mutarotase-like protein, pollen Ole e 1 allergen and extensin protein, endomembrane protein 70 protein, O-glycosyl hydrolase 17 protein, glycosyl hydrolase 32 protein, FASCICLIN-like arabinogalactan protein 17 precursor, secreted peroxidase and a pathogenesis-related thaumatin protein. Functional transgenic analyses of all 8 of these candidate defense genes that employ their overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) demonstrate they have a role in defense. Overexpression experiments that increase the relative transcript abundance of the candidate defense gene reduces the ability that the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines has in completing its life cycle while, in contrast, RNAi of these genes leads to an increase in parasitism. The results provide a genomic analysis of the importance of MAPK signaling in relation to the secretion apparatus during the defense process defense in the G. max-H. glycines pathosystem and identify additional targets for future studies.
- Published
- 2020