101 results on '"Doležel, Jaroslav'
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2. Trait variation and genetic diversity in a banana genomic selection training population.
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Moses Nyine, Brigitte Uwimana, Rony Swennen, Michael Batte, Allan Brown, Pavla Christelová, Eva Hřibová, Jim Lorenzen, and Jaroslav Doležel
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important crop in the African Great Lakes region in terms of income and food security, with the highest per capita consumption worldwide. Pests, diseases and climate change hamper sustainable production of bananas. New breeding tools with increased crossbreeding efficiency are being investigated to breed for resistant, high yielding hybrids of East African Highland banana (EAHB). These include genomic selection (GS), which will benefit breeding through increased genetic gain per unit time. Understanding trait variation and the correlation among economically important traits is an essential first step in the development and selection of suitable GS models for banana. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that trait variations in bananas are not affected by cross combination, cycle, field management and their interaction with genotype. A training population created using EAHB breeding material and its progeny was phenotyped in two contrasting conditions. A high level of correlation among vegetative and yield related traits was observed. Therefore, genomic selection models could be developed for traits that are easily measured. It is likely that the predictive ability of traits that are difficult to phenotype will be similar to less difficult traits they are highly correlated with. Genotype response to cycle and field management practices varied greatly with respect to traits. Yield related traits accounted for 31-35% of principal component variation under low and high input field management conditions. Resistance to Black Sigatoka was stable across cycles but varied under different field management depending on the genotype. The best cross combination was 1201K-1xSH3217 based on selection response (R) of hybrids. Genotyping using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed that the training population was genetically diverse, reflecting a complex pedigree background, which was mostly influenced by the male parents.
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- 2017
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3. Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies.
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Zuzana Ivaničová, Miroslav Valárik, Kateřina Pánková, Martina Trávníčková, Jaroslav Doležel, Jan Šafář, and Zbyněk Milec
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The ability of plants to identify an optimal flowering time is critical for ensuring the production of viable seeds. The main environmental factors that influence the flowering time include the ambient temperature and day length. In wheat, the ability to assess the day length is controlled by photoperiod (Ppd) genes. Due to its allohexaploid nature, bread wheat carries the following three Ppd-1 genes: Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1. While photoperiod (in)sensitivity controlled by Ppd-A1 and Ppd-D1 is mainly determined by sequence changes in the promoter region, the impact of the Ppd-B1 alleles on the heading time has been linked to changes in the copy numbers (and possibly their methylation status) and sequence changes in the promoter region. Here, we report that plants with the same number of Ppd-B1 copies may have different heading times. Differences were observed among F7 lines derived from crossing two spring hexaploid wheat varieties. Several lines carrying three copies of Ppd-B1 headed 16 days later than other plants in the population with the same number of gene copies. This effect was associated with changes in the gene expression level and methylation of the Ppd-B1 gene.
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- 2017
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4. Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Central Europe and Its Comparison with Australian Population.
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Eva Komínková, Antonín Dreiseitl, Eva Malečková, Jaroslav Doležel, and Miroslav Valárik
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Population surveys of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), a causal agent of more than 50% of barley fungal infections in the Czech Republic, have been traditionally based on virulence tests, at times supplemented with non-specific Restriction fragment length polymorphism or Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. A genomic sequence of Bgh, which has become available recently, enables identification of potential markers suitable for population genetics studies. Two major strategies relying on transposable elements and microsatellites were employed in this work to develop a set of Repeat junction markers, Single sequence repeat and Single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A resolution power of the new panel of markers comprising 33 polymorphisms was demonstrated by a phylogenetic analysis of 158 Bgh isolates. A core set of 97 Czech isolates was compared to a set 50 Australian isolates on the background of 11 diverse isolates collected throughout the world. 73.2% of Czech isolates were found to be genetically unique. An extreme diversity of this collection was in strong contrast with the uniformity of the Australian one. This work paves the way for studies of population structure and dynamics based on genetic variability among different Bgh isolates originating from geographically limited regions.
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- 2016
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5. Traditional Banana Diversity in Oceania: An Endangered Heritage.
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Valérie Kagy, Maurice Wong, Henri Vandenbroucke, Christophe Jenny, Cécile Dubois, Anthony Ollivier, Céline Cardi, Pierre Mournet, Valérie Tuia, Nicolas Roux, Jaroslav Doležel, and Xavier Perrier
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This study aims to understand the genetic diversity of traditional Oceanian starchy bananas in order to propose an efficient conservation strategy for these endangered varieties. SSR and DArT molecular markers are used to characterize a large sample of Pacific accessions, from New Guinea to Tahiti and Hawaii. All Pacific starchy bananas are shown of New Guinea origin, by interspecific hybridization between Musa acuminata (AA genome), more precisely its local subspecies M. acuminata ssp. banksii, and M. balbisiana (BB genome) generating triploid AAB Pacific starchy bananas. These AAB genotypes do not form a subgroup sensu stricto and genetic markers differentiate two subgroups across the three morphotypes usually identified: Iholena versus Popoulu and Maoli. The Popoulu/Maoli accessions, even if morphologically diverse throughout the Pacific, cluster in the same genetic subgroup. However, the subgroup is not strictly monophyletic and several close, but different genotypes are linked to the dominant genotype. One of the related genotypes is specific to New Caledonia (NC), with morphotypes close to Maoli, but with some primitive characters. It is concluded that the diffusion of Pacific starchy AAB bananas results from a series of introductions of triploids originating in New Guinea area from several sexual recombination events implying different genotypes of M. acuminata ssp. banksii. This scheme of multiple waves from the New Guinea zone is consistent with the archaeological data for peopling of the Pacific. The present geographic distribution suggests that a greater diversity must have existed in the past. Its erosion finds parallels with the erosion of cultural traditions, inexorably declining in most of the Polynesian or Melanesian Islands. Symmetrically, diversity hot spots appear linked to the local persistence of traditions: Maoli in New Caledonian Kanak traditions or Iholena in a few Polynesian islands. These results will contribute to optimizing the conservation strategy for the ex-situ Pacific Banana Collection supported collectively by the Pacific countries.
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- 2016
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6. Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of Wild Musa Species.
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Jana Čížková, Eva Hřibová, Pavla Christelová, Ines Van den Houwe, Markku Häkkinen, Nicolas Roux, Rony Swennen, and Jaroslav Doležel
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The production of bananas is threatened by rapid spreading of various diseases and adverse environmental conditions. The preservation and characterization of banana diversity is essential for the purposes of crop improvement. The world's largest banana germplasm collection maintained at the Bioversity International Transit Centre (ITC) in Belgium is continuously expanded by new accessions of edible cultivars and wild species. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the accessions is necessary for efficient management of the collection and utilization of banana diversity. In this work, nuclear DNA content and genomic distribution of 45S and 5S rDNA were examined in 21 diploid accessions recently added to ITC collection, representing both sections of the genus Musa. 2C DNA content in the section Musa ranged from 1.217 to 1.315 pg. Species belonging to section Callimusa had 2C DNA contents ranging from 1.390 to 1.772 pg. While the number of 45S rDNA loci was conserved in the section Musa, it was highly variable in Callimusa species. 5S rRNA gene clusters were found on two to eight chromosomes per diploid cell. The accessions were genotyped using a set of 19 microsatellite markers to establish their relationships with the remaining accessions held at ITC. Genetic diversity done by SSR genotyping platform was extended by phylogenetic analysis of ITS region. ITS sequence data supported the clustering obtained by SSR analysis for most of the accessions. High level of nucleotide diversity and presence of more than two types of ITS sequences in eight wild diploids pointed to their origin by hybridization of different genotypes. This study significantly expands the number of wild Musa species where nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of rDNA loci is known. SSR genotyping identified Musa species that are closely related to the previously characterized accessions and provided data to aid in their classification. Sequence analysis of ITS region provided further information about evolutionary relationships between individual accessions and suggested that some of analyzed accessions were interspecific hybrids and/or backcross progeny.
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- 2015
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7. In Depth Characterization of Repetitive DNA in 23 Plant Genomes Reveals Sources of Genome Size Variation in the Legume Tribe Fabeae.
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Jiří Macas, Petr Novák, Jaume Pellicer, Jana Čížková, Andrea Koblížková, Pavel Neumann, Iva Fuková, Jaroslav Doležel, Laura J Kelly, and Ilia J Leitch
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which have analysed how different types of repeats in related species contribute to genome size evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale comparative analysis of repeats in 23 species from four genera of the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing a 7.6-fold variation in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis and genome size reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose from genome size expansions and contractions in different lineages during the evolution of Fabeae. Employing a combination of low-pass genome sequencing with novel bioinformatic approaches resulted in identification and quantification of repeats making up 55-83% of the investigated genomes. In turn, this enabled an analysis of how each major repeat type contributed to the genome size variation encountered. Differential accumulation of repetitive DNA was found to account for 85% of the genome size differences between the species, and most (57%) of this variation was found to be driven by a single lineage of Ty3/gypsy LTR-retrotransposons, the Ogre elements. Although the amounts of several other lineages of LTR-retrotransposons and the total amount of satellite DNA were also positively correlated with genome size, their contributions to genome size variation were much smaller (up to 6%). Repeat analysis within a phylogenetic framework also revealed profound differences in the extent of sequence conservation between different repeat types across Fabeae. In addition to these findings, the study has provided a proof of concept for the approach combining recent developments in sequencing and bioinformatics to perform comparative analyses of repetitive DNAs in a large number of non-model species without the need to assemble their genomes.
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- 2015
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8. Fine physical and genetic mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 originating from wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides).
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Shuhong Ouyang, Dong Zhang, Jun Han, Xiaojie Zhao, Yu Cui, Wei Song, Naxin Huo, Yong Liang, Jingzhong Xie, Zhenzhong Wang, Qiuhong Wu, Yong-Xing Chen, Ping Lu, De-Yun Zhang, Lili Wang, Hua Sun, Tsomin Yang, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnere, Rudi Appels, Jaroslav Doležel, Hong-Qing Ling, Mingcheng Luo, Yongqiang Gu, Qixin Sun, and Zhiyong Liu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. In this study, a single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 was identified in the IW172 wild emmer accession and mapped to the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL (bin7AL-16-0.86-0.90) via molecular marker analysis. MlIW172 was closely linked with the RFLP probe Xpsr680-derived STS marker Xmag2185 and the EST markers BE405531 and BE637476. This suggested that MlIW172 might be allelic to the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. By screening genomic BAC library of durum wheat cv. Langdon and 7AL-specific BAC library of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring, and after analyzing genome scaffolds of Triticum urartu containing the marker sequences, additional markers were developed to construct a fine genetic linkage map on the MlIW172 locus region and to delineate the resistance gene within a 0.48 cM interval. Comparative genetics analyses using ESTs and RFLP probe sequences flanking the MlIW172 region against other grass species revealed a general co-linearity in this region with the orthologous genomic regions of rice chromosome 6, Brachypodium chromosome 1, and sorghum chromosome 10. However, orthologous resistance gene-like RGA sequences were only present in wheat and Brachypodium. The BAC contigs and sequence scaffolds that we have developed provide a framework for the physical mapping and map-based cloning of MlIW172.
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- 2014
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9. Genome-wide analysis of repeat diversity across the family Musaceae.
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Petr Novák, Eva Hřibová, Pavel Neumann, Andrea Koblížková, Jaroslav Doležel, and Jiří Macas
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The banana family (Musaceae) includes genetically a diverse group of species and their diploid and polyploid hybrids that are widely cultivated in the tropics. In spite of their socio-economic importance, the knowledge of Musaceae genomes is basically limited to draft genome assemblies of two species, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana. Here we aimed to complement this information by analyzing repetitive genome fractions of six species selected to represent various phylogenetic groups within the family. RESULTS: Low-pass sequencing of M. acuminata, M. ornata, M. textilis, M. beccarii, M. balbisiana, and Ensete gilletii genomes was performed using a 454/Roche platform. Sequence reads were subjected to analysis of their overall intra- and inter-specific similarities and, all major repeat families were quantified using graph-based clustering. Maximus/SIRE and Angela lineages of Ty1/copia long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and the chromovirus lineage of Ty3/gypsy elements were found to make up most of highly repetitive DNA in all species (14-34.5% of the genome). However, there were quantitative differences and sequence variations detected for classified repeat families as well as for the bulk of total repetitive DNA. These differences were most pronounced between species from different taxonomic sections of the Musaceae family, whereas pairs of closely related species (M. acuminata/M. ornata and M. beccarii/M. textilis) shared similar populations of repetitive elements. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the first insight into the composition and sequence variation of repetitive parts of Musaceae genomes. It allowed identification of repetitive sequences specific for a single species or a group of species that can be utilized as molecular markers in breeding programs and generated computational resources that will be instrumental in repeat masking and annotation in future genome assembly projects.
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- 2014
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10. Syntenic relationships between the U and M genomes of Aegilops, wheat and the model species Brachypodium and rice as revealed by COS markers.
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István Molnár, Hana Šimková, Michelle Leverington-Waite, Richard Goram, András Cseh, Jan Vrána, András Farkas, Jaroslav Doležel, Márta Molnár-Láng, and Simon Griffiths
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Diploid Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and their natural allotetraploid hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata are important wild gene sources for wheat. With the aim of assisting in alien gene transfer, this study provides gene-based conserved orthologous set (COS) markers for the U and M genome chromosomes. Out of the 140 markers tested on a series of wheat-Aegilops chromosome introgression lines and flow-sorted subgenomic chromosome fractions, 100 were assigned to Aegilops chromosomes and six and seven duplications were identified in the U and M genomes, respectively. The marker-specific EST sequences were BLAST-ed to Brachypodium and rice genomic sequences to investigate macrosyntenic relationships between the U and M genomes of Aegilops, wheat and the model species. Five syntenic regions of Brachypodium identified genome rearrangements differentiating the U genome from the M genome and from the D genome of wheat. All of them seem to have evolved at the diploid level and to have been modified differentially in the polyploid species Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata. A certain level of wheat-Aegilops homology was detected for group 1, 2, 3 and 5 chromosomes, while a clearly rearranged structure was showed for the group 4, 6 and 7 Aegilops chromosomes relative to wheat. The conserved orthologous set markers assigned to Aegilops chromosomes promise to accelerate gene introgression by facilitating the identification of alien chromatin. The syntenic relationships between the Aegilops species, wheat and model species will facilitate the targeted development of new markers specific for U and M genomic regions and will contribute to the understanding of molecular processes related to allopolyploidization.
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- 2013
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11. A physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A.
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James Breen, Thomas Wicker, Margarita Shatalina, Zeev Frenkel, Isabelle Bertin, Romain Philippe, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, Hana Simková, Jan Safář, Federica Cattonaro, Simone Scalabrin, Federica Magni, Sonia Vautrin, Hélène Bergès, International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Etienne Paux, Tzion Fahima, Jaroslav Doležel, Abraham Korol, Catherine Feuillet, and Beat Keller
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has a large and highly repetitive genome which poses major technical challenges for its study. To aid map-based cloning and future genome sequencing projects, we constructed a BAC-based physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A (1AS). From the assembly of 25,918 high information content (HICF) fingerprints from a 1AS-specific BAC library, 715 physical contigs were produced that cover almost 99% of the estimated size of the chromosome arm. The 3,414 BAC clones constituting the minimum tiling path were end-sequenced. Using a gene microarray containing ∼40 K NCBI UniGene EST clusters, PCR marker screening and BAC end sequences, we arranged 160 physical contigs (97 Mb or 35.3% of the chromosome arm) in a virtual order based on synteny with Brachypodium, rice and sorghum. BAC end sequences and information from microarray hybridisation was used to anchor 3.8 Mbp of Illumina sequences from flow-sorted chromosome 1AS to BAC contigs. Comparison of genetic and synteny-based physical maps indicated that ∼50% of all genetic recombination is confined to 14% of the physical length of the chromosome arm in the distal region. The 1AS physical map provides a framework for future genetic mapping projects as well as the basis for complete sequencing of chromosome arm 1AS.
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- 2013
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12. Physical mapping integrated with syntenic analysis to characterize the gene space of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1A.
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Stuart J Lucas, Bala Anı Akpınar, Melda Kantar, Zohar Weinstein, Fatma Aydınoğlu, Jan Safář, Hana Simková, Zeev Frenkel, Abraham Korol, Federica Magni, Federica Cattonaro, Sonia Vautrin, Arnaud Bellec, Hélène Bergès, Jaroslav Doležel, and Hikmet Budak
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and its production faces pressing challenges, the solution of which demands genome information. However, the large, highly repetitive hexaploid wheat genome has been considered intractable to standard sequencing approaches. Therefore the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) proposes to map and sequence the genome on a chromosome-by-chromosome basis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have constructed a physical map of the long arm of bread wheat chromosome 1A using chromosome-specific BAC libraries by High Information Content Fingerprinting (HICF). Two alternative methods (FPC and LTC) were used to assemble the fingerprints into a high-resolution physical map of the chromosome arm. A total of 365 molecular markers were added to the map, in addition to 1122 putative unique transcripts that were identified by microarray hybridization. The final map consists of 1180 FPC-based or 583 LTC-based contigs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The physical map presented here marks an important step forward in mapping of hexaploid bread wheat. The map is orders of magnitude more detailed than previously available maps of this chromosome, and the assignment of over a thousand putative expressed gene sequences to specific map locations will greatly assist future functional studies. This map will be an essential tool for future sequencing of and positional cloning within chromosome 1A.
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- 2013
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13. Molecular analysis and genomic organization of major DNA satellites in banana (Musa spp.).
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Jana Čížková, Eva Hřibová, Lenka Humplíková, Pavla Christelová, Pavla Suchánková, and Jaroslav Doležel
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Satellite DNA sequences consist of tandemly arranged repetitive units up to thousands nucleotides long in head-to-tail orientation. The evolutionary processes by which satellites arise and evolve include unequal crossing over, gene conversion, transposition and extra chromosomal circular DNA formation. Large blocks of satellite DNA are often observed in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes and are a typical component of centromeric and telomeric regions. Satellite-rich loci may show specific banding patterns and facilitate chromosome identification and analysis of structural chromosome changes. Unlike many other genomes, nuclear genomes of banana (Musa spp.) are poor in satellite DNA and the information on this class of DNA remains limited. The banana cultivars are seed sterile clones originating mostly from natural intra-specific crosses within M. acuminata (A genome) and inter-specific crosses between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana (B genome). Previous studies revealed the closely related nature of the A and B genomes, including similarities in repetitive DNA. In this study we focused on two main banana DNA satellites, which were previously identified in silico. Their genomic organization and molecular diversity was analyzed in a set of nineteen Musa accessions, including representatives of A, B and S (M. schizocarpa) genomes and their inter-specific hybrids. The two DNA satellites showed a high level of sequence conservation within, and a high homology between Musa species. FISH with probes for the satellite DNA sequences, rRNA genes and a single-copy BAC clone 2G17 resulted in characteristic chromosome banding patterns in M. acuminata and M. balbisiana which may aid in determining genomic constitution in interspecific hybrids. In addition to improving the knowledge on Musa satellite DNA, our study increases the number of cytogenetic markers and the number of individual chromosomes, which can be identified in Musa.
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- 2013
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14. Genomic diversity in two related plant species with and without sex chromosomes--Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris.
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Radim Cegan, Boris Vyskot, Eduard Kejnovsky, Zdenek Kubat, Hana Blavet, Jan Šafář, Jaroslav Doležel, Nicolas Blavet, and Roman Hobza
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundGenome size evolution is a complex process influenced by polyploidization, satellite DNA accumulation, and expansion of retroelements. How this process could be affected by different reproductive strategies is still poorly understood.Methodology/principal findingsWe analyzed differences in the number and distribution of major repetitive DNA elements in two closely related species, Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris. Both species are diploid and possess the same chromosome number (2n = 24), but differ in their genome size and mode of reproduction. The dioecious S. latifolia (1C = 2.70 pg DNA) possesses sex chromosomes and its genome is 2.5× larger than that of the gynodioecious S. vulgaris (1C = 1.13 pg DNA), which does not possess sex chromosomes. We discovered that the genome of S. latifolia is larger mainly due to the expansion of Ogre retrotransposons. Surprisingly, the centromeric STAR-C and TR1 tandem repeats were found to be more abundant in S. vulgaris, the species with the smaller genome. We further examined the distribution of major repetitive sequences in related species in the Caryophyllaceae family. The results of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) on mitotic chromosomes with the Retand element indicate that large rearrangements occurred during the evolution of the Caryophyllaceae family.Conclusions/significanceOur data demonstrate that the evolution of genome size in the genus Silene is accompanied by the expansion of different repetitive elements with specific patterns in the dioecious species possessing the sex chromosomes.
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- 2012
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15. Sequence composition and gene content of the short arm of rye (Secale cereale) chromosome 1.
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Silvia Fluch, Dieter Kopecky, Kornel Burg, Hana Šimková, Stefan Taudien, Andreas Petzold, Marie Kubaláková, Matthias Platzer, Maria Berenyi, Siegfried Krainer, Jaroslav Doležel, and Tamas Lelley
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study is to elucidate the sequence composition of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (Secale cereale) with special focus on its gene content, because this portion of the rye genome is an integrated part of several hundreds of bread wheat varieties worldwide. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple Displacement Amplification of 1RS DNA, obtained from flow sorted 1RS chromosomes, using 1RS ditelosomic wheat-rye addition line, and subsequent Roche 454FLX sequencing of this DNA yielded 195,313,589 bp sequence information. This quantity of sequence information resulted in 0.43× sequence coverage of the 1RS chromosome arm, permitting the identification of genes with estimated probability of 95%. A detailed analysis revealed that more than 5% of the 1RS sequence consisted of gene space, identifying at least 3,121 gene loci representing 1,882 different gene functions. Repetitive elements comprised about 72% of the 1RS sequence, Gypsy/Sabrina (13.3%) being the most abundant. More than four thousand simple sequence repeat (SSR) sites mostly located in gene related sequence reads were identified for possible marker development. The existence of chloroplast insertions in 1RS has been verified by identifying chimeric chloroplast-genomic sequence reads. Synteny analysis of 1RS to the full genomes of Oryza sativa and Brachypodium distachyon revealed that about half of the genes of 1RS correspond to the distal end of the short arm of rice chromosome 5 and the proximal region of the long arm of Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 2. Comparison of the gene content of 1RS to 1HS barley chromosome arm revealed high conservation of genes related to chromosome 5 of rice. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed the gene content and potential gene functions on this chromosome arm and demonstrated numerous sequence elements like SSRs and gene-related sequences, which can be utilised for future research as well as in breeding of wheat and rye.
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- 2012
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16. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence region in the Musaceae: structure, diversity and use in molecular phylogeny.
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Eva Hřibová, Jana Čížková, Pavla Christelová, Stefan Taudien, Edmond de Langhe, and Jaroslav Doležel
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Genes coding for 45S ribosomal RNA are organized in tandem arrays of up to several thousand copies and contain 18S, 5.8S and 26S rRNA units separated by internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2. While the rRNA units are evolutionary conserved, ITS show high level of interspecific divergence and have been used frequently in genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies. In this work we report on the structure and diversity of the ITS region in 87 representatives of the family Musaceae. We provide the first detailed information on ITS sequence diversity in the genus Musa and describe the presence of more than one type of ITS sequence within individual species. Both Sanger sequencing of amplified ITS regions and whole genome 454 sequencing lead to similar phylogenetic inferences. We show that it is necessary to identify putative pseudogenic ITS sequences, which may have negative effect on phylogenetic reconstruction at lower taxonomic levels. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on ITS sequence showed that the genus Musa is divided into two distinct clades--Callimusa and Australimusa and Eumusa and Rhodochlamys. Most of the intraspecific banana hybrids analyzed contain conserved parental ITS sequences, indicating incomplete concerted evolution of rDNA loci. Independent evolution of parental rDNA in hybrids enables determination of genomic constitution of hybrids using ITS. The observation of only one type of ITS sequence in some of the presumed interspecific hybrid clones warrants further study to confirm their hybrid origin and to unravel processes leading to evolution of their genomes.
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- 2011
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17. First survey of the wheat chromosome 5A composition through a next generation sequencing approach.
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Nicola Vitulo, Alessandro Albiero, Claudio Forcato, Davide Campagna, Francesca Dal Pero, Paolo Bagnaresi, Moreno Colaiacovo, Primetta Faccioli, Antonella Lamontanara, Hana Šimková, Marie Kubaláková, Gaetano Perrotta, Paolo Facella, Loredana Lopez, Marco Pietrella, Giulio Gianese, Jaroslav Doležel, Giovanni Giuliano, Luigi Cattivelli, Giorgio Valle, and A Michele Stanca
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Wheat is one of the world's most important crops and is characterized by a large polyploid genome. One way to reduce genome complexity is to isolate single chromosomes using flow cytometry. Low coverage DNA sequencing can provide a snapshot of individual chromosomes, allowing a fast characterization of their main features and comparison with other genomes. We used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing to obtain a 2x coverage of wheat chromosome 5A. The resulting sequence assembly was used to identify TEs, genes and miRNAs, as well as to infer a virtual gene order based on the synteny with other grass genomes. Repetitive elements account for more than 75% of the genome. Gene content was estimated considering non-redundant reads showing at least one match to ESTs or proteins. The results indicate that the coding fraction represents 1.08% and 1.3% of the short and long arm respectively, projecting the number of genes of the whole chromosome to approximately 5,000. 195 candidate miRNA precursors belonging to 16 miRNA families were identified. The 5A genes were used to search for syntenic relationships between grass genomes. The short arm is closely related to Brachypodium chromosome 4, sorghum chromosome 8 and rice chromosome 12; the long arm to regions of Brachypodium chromosomes 4 and 1, sorghum chromosomes 1 and 2 and rice chromosomes 9 and 3. From these similarities it was possible to infer the virtual gene order of 392 (5AS) and 1,480 (5AL) genes of chromosome 5A, which was compared to, and found to be largely congruent with the available physical map of this chromosome.
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- 2011
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18. Chromosome isolation by flow sorting in Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and their allotetraploid hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata.
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István Molnár, Marie Kubaláková, Hana Šimková, András Cseh, Márta Molnár-Láng, and Jaroslav Doležel
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of flow cytometry for chromosome sorting in two wild diploid wheats Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and their natural allotetraploid hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata. Flow karyotypes obtained after the analysis of DAPI-stained chromosomes were characterized and content of chromosome peaks was determined. Peaks of chromosome 1U could be discriminated in flow karyotypes of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. biuncialis and the chromosome could be sorted with purities exceeding 95%. The remaining chromosomes formed composite peaks and could be sorted in groups of two to four. Twenty four wheat SSR markers were tested for their position on chromosomes of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. comosa using PCR on DNA amplified from flow-sorted chromosomes and genomic DNA of wheat-Ae. geniculata addition lines, respectively. Six SSR markers were located on particular Aegilops chromosomes using sorted chromosomes, thus confirming the usefulness of this approach for physical mapping. The SSR markers are suitable for marker assisted selection of wheat-Aegilops introgression lines. The results obtained in this work provide new opportunities for dissecting genomes of wild relatives of wheat with the aim to assist in alien gene transfer and discovery of novel genes for wheat improvement.
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- 2011
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19. Correction: Chromosome Isolation by Flow Sorting in and and Their Allotetraploid Hybrids and.
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István Molnár, Marie Kubaláková, Hana Šimková, András Cseh, Márta Molnár-Láng, and Jaroslav Doležel
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2011
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20. Correction: Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies
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Martina Trávníčková, Jan Šafář, Jaroslav Doležel, Miroslav Valárik, Zuzana Ivaničová, Zbyněk Milec, and Kateřina Pánková
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Heading (navigation) ,Cell biology ,lcsh:Medicine ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,complex mixtures ,Biochemistry ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Chromosomes ,Promoter Regions ,Genetics ,Gene Regulation ,Grasses ,lcsh:Science ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Gene ,Molecular Biology ,Flowering Plants ,Multidisciplinary ,DNA methylation ,Biology and life sciences ,lcsh:R ,Gene Mapping ,Organisms ,food and beverages ,hemic and immune systems ,DNA ,Plants ,Chromatin ,respiratory tract diseases ,Nucleic acids ,Variation (linguistics) ,Wheat ,lcsh:Q ,Epigenetics ,Gene expression ,DNA modification ,Chromatin modification ,Research Article ,Chromosome biology - Abstract
The ability of plants to identify an optimal flowering time is critical for ensuring the production of viable seeds. The main environmental factors that influence the flowering time include the ambient temperature and day length. In wheat, the ability to assess the day length is controlled by photoperiod (Ppd) genes. Due to its allohexaploid nature, bread wheat carries the following three Ppd-1 genes: Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1. While photoperiod (in)sensitivity controlled by Ppd-A1 and Ppd-D1 is mainly determined by sequence changes in the promoter region, the impact of the Ppd-B1 alleles on the heading time has been linked to changes in the copy numbers (and possibly their methylation status) and sequence changes in the promoter region. Here, we report that plants with the same number of Ppd-B1 copies may have different heading times. Differences were observed among F7 lines derived from crossing two spring hexaploid wheat varieties. Several lines carrying three copies of Ppd-B1 headed 16 days later than other plants in the population with the same number of gene copies. This effect was associated with changes in the gene expression level and methylation of the Ppd-B1 gene.
- Published
- 2018
21. Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies
- Author
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Miroslav Valárik, Jan Šafář, Martina Trávníčková, Jaroslav Doležel, Zbyněk Milec, Kateřina Pánková, and Zuzana Ivaničová
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,Photoperiod ,Population ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,lcsh:Medicine ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,01 natural sciences ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gene mapping ,Genetic variation ,Allele ,education ,lcsh:Science ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Gene ,Triticum ,Genetics ,photoperiodism ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Genetic Variation ,Correction ,hemic and immune systems ,DNA Methylation ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,DNA methylation ,lcsh:Q ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The ability of plants to identify an optimal flowering time is critical for ensuring the production of viable seeds. The main environmental factors that influence the flowering time include the ambient temperature and day length. In wheat, the ability to assess the day length is controlled by photoperiod (Ppd) genes. Due to its allohexaploid nature, bread wheat carries the following three Ppd-1 genes: Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1. While photoperiod (in)sensitivity controlled by Ppd-A1 and Ppd-D1 is mainly determined by sequence changes in the promoter region, the impact of the Ppd-B1 alleles on the heading time has been linked to changes in the copy numbers (and possibly their methylation status) and sequence changes in the promoter region. Here, we report that plants with the same number of Ppd-B1 copies may have different heading times. Differences were observed among F7 lines derived from crossing two spring hexaploid wheat varieties. Several lines carrying three copies of Ppd-B1 headed 16 days later than other plants in the population with the same number of gene copies. This effect was associated with changes in the gene expression level and methylation of the Ppd-B1 gene.
- Published
- 2016
22. Correction: Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies
- Author
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Ivaničová, Zuzana, primary, Valárik, Miroslav, additional, Pánková, Kateřina, additional, Trávníčková, Martina, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Šafář, Jan, additional, and Milec, Zbyněk, additional
- Published
- 2018
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23. In Depth Characterization of Repetitive DNA in 23 Plant Genomes Reveals Sources of Genome Size Variation in the Legume Tribe Fabeae
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Andrea Koblížková, Jana Čížková, Jaume Pellicer, Iva Fuková, Jiří Macas, Ilia J. Leitch, Jaroslav Doležel, Laura J. Kelly, Petr Novák, and Pavel Neumann
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0106 biological sciences ,Genome evolution ,Science ,lcsh:Medicine ,Bacterial genome size ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genome Size ,lcsh:Science ,Genome size ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Comparative genomics ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Fabeae ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,lcsh:R ,Terminal Repeat Sequences ,Genetic Variation ,Reproducibility of Results ,Fabaceae ,Genome project ,Genomics ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,C-value ,Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Genome, Plant ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Article - Abstract
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which have analysed how different types of repeats in related species contribute to genome size evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale comparative analysis of repeats in 23 species from four genera of the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing a 7.6-fold variation in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis and genome size reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose from genome size expansions and contractions in different lineages during the evolution of Fabeae. Employing a combination of low-pass genome sequencing with novel bioinformatic approaches resulted in identification and quantification of repeats making up 55?83% of the investigated genomes. In turn, this enabled an analysis of how each major repeat type contributed to the genome size variation encountered. Differential accumulation of repetitive DNA was found to account for 85% of the genome size differences between the species, and most (57%) of this variation was found to be driven by a single lineage of Ty3/gypsy LTR-retrotransposons, the Ogre elements. Although the amounts of several other lineages of LTR-retrotransposons and the total amount of satellite DNA were also positively correlated with genome size, their contributions to genome size variation were much smaller (up to 6%). Repeat analysis within a phylogenetic framework also revealed profound differences in the extent of sequence conservation between different repeat types across Fabeae. In addition to these findings, the study has provided a proof of concept for the approach combining recent developments in sequencing and bioinformatics to perform comparative analyses of repetitive DNAs in a large number of non-model species without the need to assemble their genomes.
- Published
- 2015
24. Heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of Ppd-B1 gene copies
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Ivaničová, Zuzana, primary, Valárik, Miroslav, additional, Pánková, Kateřina, additional, Trávníčková, Martina, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Šafář, Jan, additional, and Milec, Zbyněk, additional
- Published
- 2017
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25. Trait variation and genetic diversity in a banana genomic selection training population
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Nyine, Moses, primary, Uwimana, Brigitte, additional, Swennen, Rony, additional, Batte, Michael, additional, Brown, Allan, additional, Christelová, Pavla, additional, Hřibová, Eva, additional, Lorenzen, Jim, additional, and Doležel, Jaroslav, additional
- Published
- 2017
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26. Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Central Europe and Its Comparison with Australian Population
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Komínková, Eva, primary, Dreiseitl, Antonín, additional, Malečková, Eva, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, and Valárik, Miroslav, additional
- Published
- 2016
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27. Fine physical and genetic mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 originating from wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides)
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Qixin Sun, Tsomin Yang, Dong Zhang, Jingzhong Xie, Hua Sun, Xiaojie Zhao, Li-li Wang, Yong-Qiang Gu, Ming-Cheng Luo, Jaroslav Doležel, Ping Lu, Shuhong Ouyang, Zhenzhong Wang, Zhiyong Liu, Jun Han, Qiuhong Wu, Yong Liang, Wei Song, Naxin Huo, Rudi Appels, Hong-Qing Ling, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Yongxing Chen, Yu Cui, and Deyun Zhang
- Subjects
lcsh:Medicine ,Blumeria graminis ,Locus (genetics) ,Crops ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,Plant Genetics ,Polyploidy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Gene mapping ,Ascomycota ,Molecular marker ,Plant Genomics ,Genetics ,lcsh:Science ,Triticum ,Disease Resistance ,Plant Diseases ,Multidisciplinary ,Wheat diseases ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Chromosome Mapping ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Crop Diseases ,Computational Biology ,Agriculture ,Genomics ,Comparative Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,Triticum urartu ,chemistry ,Wheat ,lcsh:Q ,Brachypodium ,Plant Biotechnology ,Structural Genomics ,Powdery mildew ,Research Article ,Cereal Crops ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. In this study, a single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 was identified in the IW172 wild emmer accession and mapped to the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL (bin7AL-16-0.86-0.90) via molecular marker analysis. MlIW172 was closely linked with the RFLP probe Xpsr680-derived STS marker Xmag2185 and the EST markers BE405531 and BE637476. This suggested that MlIW172 might be allelic to the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. By screening genomic BAC library of durum wheat cv. Langdon and 7AL-specific BAC library of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring, and after analyzing genome scaffolds of Triticum urartu containing the marker sequences, additional markers were developed to construct a fine genetic linkage map on the MlIW172 locus region and to delineate the resistance gene within a 0.48 cM interval. Comparative genetics analyses using ESTs and RFLP probe sequences flanking the MlIW172 region against other grass species revealed a general co-linearity in this region with the orthologous genomic regions of rice chromosome 6, Brachypodium chromosome 1, and sorghum chromosome 10. However, orthologous resistance gene-like RGA sequences were only present in wheat and Brachypodium. The BAC contigs and sequence scaffolds that we have developed provide a framework for the physical mapping and map-based cloning of MlIW172.
- Published
- 2014
28. Genome-wide analysis of repeat diversity across the family Musaceae
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Jiří Macas, Eva Hřibová, Pavel Neumann, Andrea Koblížková, Petr Novák, and Jaroslav Doležel
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Musaceae ,DNA, Plant ,lcsh:Medicine ,Genomics ,Biology ,Genome ,Evolution, Molecular ,Genetic Elements ,Polyploid ,Musa acuminata ,Mobile Genetic Elements ,Plant Genomics ,Genetics ,lcsh:Science ,Phylogeny ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Comparative genomics ,Multidisciplinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,lcsh:R ,Transposable Elements ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Genetic Variation ,Genome project ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Comparative Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome Analysis ,Genome Annotation ,Plant Biotechnology ,lcsh:Q ,Genome, Plant ,Research Article ,Biotechnology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The banana family (Musaceae) includes genetically a diverse group of species and their diploid and polyploid hybrids that are widely cultivated in the tropics. In spite of their socio-economic importance, the knowledge of Musaceae genomes is basically limited to draft genome assemblies of two species, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana. Here we aimed to complement this information by analyzing repetitive genome fractions of six species selected to represent various phylogenetic groups within the family. RESULTS: Low-pass sequencing of M. acuminata, M. ornata, M. textilis, M. beccarii, M. balbisiana, and Ensete gilletii genomes was performed using a 454/Roche platform. Sequence reads were subjected to analysis of their overall intra- and inter-specific similarities and, all major repeat families were quantified using graph-based clustering. Maximus/SIRE and Angela lineages of Ty1/copia long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and the chromovirus lineage of Ty3/gypsy elements were found to make up most of highly repetitive DNA in all species (14-34.5% of the genome). However, there were quantitative differences and sequence variations detected for classified repeat families as well as for the bulk of total repetitive DNA. These differences were most pronounced between species from different taxonomic sections of the Musaceae family, whereas pairs of closely related species (M. acuminata/M. ornata and M. beccarii/M. textilis) shared similar populations of repetitive elements. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the first insight into the composition and sequence variation of repetitive parts of Musaceae genomes. It allowed identification of repetitive sequences specific for a single species or a group of species that can be utilized as molecular markers in breeding programs and generated computational resources that will be instrumental in repeat masking and annotation in future genome assembly projects.
- Published
- 2014
29. Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Central Europe and Its Comparison with Australian Population
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Antonín Dreiseitl, Jaroslav Doležel, Eva Komínková, Miroslav Valárik, and Eva Malečková
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,01 natural sciences ,Geographical locations ,lcsh:Science ,DNA, Fungal ,Phylogeny ,Czech Republic ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,biology ,Agriculture ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Plants ,Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ,Europe ,Phylogeography ,Biogeography ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Research Article ,Genotyping ,Population ,Blumeria graminis ,Crops ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ascomycota ,Barley ,Genetic variation ,Grasses ,Genetic variability ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Evolutionary Biology ,Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques ,Genetic diversity ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Population Biology ,lcsh:R ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Australia ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetic marker ,Genetic Polymorphism ,Earth Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,People and places ,Population Genetics ,Crop Science ,Cereal Crops ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Population surveys of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), a causal agent of more than 50% of barley fungal infections in the Czech Republic, have been traditionally based on virulence tests, at times supplemented with non-specific Restriction fragment length polymorphism or Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. A genomic sequence of Bgh, which has become available recently, enables identification of potential markers suitable for population genetics studies. Two major strategies relying on transposable elements and microsatellites were employed in this work to develop a set of Repeat junction markers, Single sequence repeat and Single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A resolution power of the new panel of markers comprising 33 polymorphisms was demonstrated by a phylogenetic analysis of 158 Bgh isolates. A core set of 97 Czech isolates was compared to a set 50 Australian isolates on the background of 11 diverse isolates collected throughout the world. 73.2% of Czech isolates were found to be genetically unique. An extreme diversity of this collection was in strong contrast with the uniformity of the Australian one. This work paves the way for studies of population structure and dynamics based on genetic variability among different Bgh isolates originating from geographically limited regions.
- Published
- 2016
30. Traditional Banana Diversity in Oceania: An Endangered Heritage
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Kagy, Valérie, primary, Wong, Maurice, additional, Vandenbroucke, Henri, additional, Jenny, Christophe, additional, Dubois, Cécile, additional, Ollivier, Anthony, additional, Cardi, Céline, additional, Mournet, Pierre, additional, Tuia, Valérie, additional, Roux, Nicolas, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, and Perrier, Xavier, additional
- Published
- 2016
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31. In Depth Characterization of Repetitive DNA in 23 Plant Genomes Reveals Sources of Genome Size Variation in the Legume Tribe Fabeae
- Author
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Macas, Jiří, primary, Novák, Petr, additional, Pellicer, Jaume, additional, Čížková, Jana, additional, Koblížková, Andrea, additional, Neumann, Pavel, additional, Fuková, Iva, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Kelly, Laura J., additional, and Leitch, Ilia J., additional
- Published
- 2015
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32. Genomic diversity in two related plant species with and without sex chromosomes--Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris
- Author
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Zdenek Kubat, Roman Hobza, Eduard Kejnovsky, Hana Blavet, Boris Vyskot, Radim Cegan, Jan Šafář, Jaroslav Doležel, and Nicolas Blavet
- Subjects
Genome evolution ,Science ,Retrotransposon ,Plant Science ,Biology ,DNA, Satellite ,Genes, Plant ,Genome ,Chromosomes, Plant ,Evolution, Molecular ,Polyploidy ,Magnoliopsida ,Genome Size ,Molecular Cell Biology ,Genetics ,Silene latifolia ,Silene ,Genome size ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Plant Proteins ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Comparative genomics ,Multidisciplinary ,Models, Genetic ,Chromosome Biology ,Computational Biology ,Genetic Variation ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,Medicine ,Plant Biotechnology ,Ploidy ,Genome, Plant ,Research Article ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
Background Genome size evolution is a complex process influenced by polyploidization, satellite DNA accumulation, and expansion of retroelements. How this process could be affected by different reproductive strategies is still poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed differences in the number and distribution of major repetitive DNA elements in two closely related species, Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris. Both species are diploid and possess the same chromosome number (2n = 24), but differ in their genome size and mode of reproduction. The dioecious S. latifolia (1C = 2.70 pg DNA) possesses sex chromosomes and its genome is 2.5× larger than that of the gynodioecious S. vulgaris (1C = 1.13 pg DNA), which does not possess sex chromosomes. We discovered that the genome of S. latifolia is larger mainly due to the expansion of Ogre retrotransposons. Surprisingly, the centromeric STAR-C and TR1 tandem repeats were found to be more abundant in S. vulgaris, the species with the smaller genome. We further examined the distribution of major repetitive sequences in related species in the Caryophyllaceae family. The results of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) on mitotic chromosomes with the Retand element indicate that large rearrangements occurred during the evolution of the Caryophyllaceae family. Conclusions/Significance Our data demonstrate that the evolution of genome size in the genus Silene is accompanied by the expansion of different repetitive elements with specific patterns in the dioecious species possessing the sex chromosomes., PLoS ONE, 7 (2), ISSN:1932-6203
- Published
- 2012
33. First Survey of the Wheat Chromosome 5A Composition through a Next Generation Sequencing Approach
- Author
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Edward, Newbigin, Nicola, Vitulo, Alessandro, Albiero, Claudio, Forcato, Davide, Campagna, Francesca Dal Pero, Paolo, Bagnaresi, Colaiacovo, Moreno, Primetta, Faccioli, Antonella, Lamontanara, Hana, Šimková, Marie, Kubaláková, Gaetano, Perrotta, Paolo, Facella, Loredana, Lopez, Marco, Pietrella, Giulio, Gianese, Jaroslav, Doležel, Giovanni, Giuliano, Luigi, Cattivelli, Giorgio, Valle, and Michele Stanca, A.
- Subjects
lcsh:Medicine ,Plant Science ,Plant Genetics ,Contig Mapping ,Molecular Cell Biology ,Gene Order ,Plant Genomics ,Genome Sequencing ,lcsh:Science ,Conserved Sequence ,Triticum ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Gene map ,food and beverages ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Agriculture ,Genome project ,Genomics ,Flow Cytometry ,Chromosome 17 (human) ,Wheat ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Sequence Analysis ,Research Article ,Cereals ,Crops ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,Synteny ,Chromosomes ,Chromosomes, Plant ,Computational Biology ,DNA Transposable Elements ,MicroRNAs ,Chromosome 19 ,Chromosome 12 ,Wheats ,lcsh:R ,Plant ,Chromosome 4 ,Genes ,lcsh:Q ,Plant Biotechnology ,Chromosome 21 ,Chromosome 22 ,Cytometry - Abstract
Wheat is one of the world's most important crops and is characterized by a large polyploid genome. One way to reduce genome complexity is to isolate single chromosomes using flow cytometry. Low coverage DNA sequencing can provide a snapshot of individual chromosomes, allowing a fast characterization of their main features and comparison with other genomes. We used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing to obtain a 2x coverage of wheat chromosome 5A. The resulting sequence assembly was used to identify TEs, genes and miRNAs, as well as to infer a virtual gene order based on the synteny with other grass genomes. Repetitive elements account for more than 75% of the genome. Gene content was estimated considering non-redundant reads showing at least one match to ESTs or proteins. The results indicate that the coding fraction represents 1.08% and 1.3% of the short and long arm respectively, projecting the number of genes of the whole chromosome to approximately 5,000. 195 candidate miRNA precursors belonging to 16 miRNA families were identified. The 5A genes were used to search for syntenic relationships between grass genomes. The short arm is closely related to Brachypodium chromosome 4, sorghum chromosome 8 and rice chromosome 12; the long arm to regions of Brachypodium chromosomes 4 and 1, sorghum chromosomes 1 and 2 and rice chromosomes 9 and 3. From these similarities it was possible to infer the virtual gene order of 392 (5AS) and 1,480 (5AL) genes of chromosome 5A, which was compared to, and found to be largely congruent with the available physical map of this chromosome.
- Published
- 2011
34. Sequence composition and gene content of the short arm of rye (Secale cereale) chromosome 1
- Author
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Tamas Lelley, Siegfried Krainer, Hana Šimková, Dieter Kopecky, Jaroslav Doležel, Silvia Fluch, Andreas Petzold, Matthias Platzer, Stefan Taudien, Maria Berenyi, Kornel Burg, and Marie Kubaláková
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Secale ,DNA, Plant ,Sequence analysis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Cereals ,Locus (genetics) ,Crops ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Chromosomes, Plant ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chromosome 19 ,Molecular Cell Biology ,Genetics ,lcsh:Science ,Biology ,Triticum ,030304 developmental biology ,Synteny ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Evolutionary Biology ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chromosome Biology ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Computational Biology ,Agriculture ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,Chromosome Arm ,lcsh:Q ,Plant Biotechnology ,Brachypodium distachyon ,Chromosome 22 ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The purpose of the study is to elucidate the sequence composition of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (Secale cereale) with special focus on its gene content, because this portion of the rye genome is an integrated part of several hundreds of bread wheat varieties worldwide. Methodology/Principal Findings Multiple Displacement Amplification of 1RS DNA, obtained from flow sorted 1RS chromosomes, using 1RS ditelosomic wheat-rye addition line, and subsequent Roche 454FLX sequencing of this DNA yielded 195,313,589 bp sequence information. This quantity of sequence information resulted in 0.43× sequence coverage of the 1RS chromosome arm, permitting the identification of genes with estimated probability of 95%. A detailed analysis revealed that more than 5% of the 1RS sequence consisted of gene space, identifying at least 3,121 gene loci representing 1,882 different gene functions. Repetitive elements comprised about 72% of the 1RS sequence, Gypsy/Sabrina (13.3%) being the most abundant. More than four thousand simple sequence repeat (SSR) sites mostly located in gene related sequence reads were identified for possible marker development. The existence of chloroplast insertions in 1RS has been verified by identifying chimeric chloroplast-genomic sequence reads. Synteny analysis of 1RS to the full genomes of Oryza sativa and Brachypodium distachyon revealed that about half of the genes of 1RS correspond to the distal end of the short arm of rice chromosome 5 and the proximal region of the long arm of Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 2. Comparison of the gene content of 1RS to 1HS barley chromosome arm revealed high conservation of genes related to chromosome 5 of rice. Conclusions The present study revealed the gene content and potential gene functions on this chromosome arm and demonstrated numerous sequence elements like SSRs and gene-related sequences, which can be utilised for future research as well as in breeding of wheat and rye.
- Published
- 2011
35. Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of Wild Musa Species
- Author
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Čížková, Jana, primary, Hřibová, Eva, additional, Christelová, Pavla, additional, Van den Houwe, Ines, additional, Häkkinen, Markku, additional, Roux, Nicolas, additional, Swennen, Rony, additional, and Doležel, Jaroslav, additional
- Published
- 2015
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36. Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of Wild Musa Species
- Author
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Markku Häkkinen, Ines Van den houwe, Nicolas Roux, Jana Čížková, Rony Swennen, Eva Hřibová, Pavla Christelová, Jaroslav Doležel, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botany, and Kashkush, Khalil
- Subjects
Germplasm ,DNA, Plant ,Genotype ,ACUMINATA ,Science ,NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT ,Biology ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Chromosomes, Plant ,Nucleotide diversity ,SECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS ,PCR-RFLP ,RIBOSOMAL DNA ,Genome Size ,Species Specificity ,Ribosomal DNA ,Genome size ,Genotyping ,1183 Plant biology, microbiology, virology ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Phylogeny ,Cell Nucleus ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,Genetic diversity ,Multidisciplinary ,DIPLOID BANANAS ,SEQUENCES ,Phylogenetic tree ,food and beverages ,Musa ,15. Life on land ,Flow Cytometry ,RNA, Ribosomal ,Cytogenetic Analysis ,GENETIC DIVERSITY ,CONCERTED EVOLUTION ,Medicine ,Microsatellite ,DNA, Intergenic ,Pseudogenes ,Research Article ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
The production of bananas is threatened by rapid spreading of various diseases and adverse environmental conditions. The preservation and characterization of banana diversity is essential for the purposes of crop improvement. The world's largest banana germplasm collection maintained at the Bioversity International Transit Centre (ITC) in Belgium is continuously expanded by new accessions of edible cultivars and wild species. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the accessions is necessary for efficient management of the collection and utilization of banana diversity. In this work, nuclear DNA content and genomic distribution of 45S and 5S rDNA were examined in 21 diploid accessions recently added to ITC collection, representing both sections of the genus Musa. 2C DNA content in the section Musa ranged from 1.217 to 1.315 pg. Species belonging to section Callimusa had 2C DNA contents ranging from 1.390 to 1.772 pg. While the number of 45S rDNA loci was conserved in the section Musa, it was highly variable in Callimusa species. 5S rRNA gene clusters were found on two to eight chromosomes per diploid cell. The accessions were genotyped using a set of 19 microsatellite markers to establish their relationships with the remaining accessions held at ITC. Genetic diversity done by SSR genotyping platform was extended by phylogenetic analysis of ITS region. ITS sequence data supported the clustering obtained by SSR analysis for most of the accessions. High level of nucleotide diversity and presence of more than two types of ITS sequences in eight wild diploids pointed to their origin by hybridization of different genotypes. This study significantly expands the number of wild Musa species where nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of rDNA loci is known. SSR genotyping identified Musa species that are closely related to the previously characterized accessions and provided data to aid in their classification. Sequence analysis of ITS region provided further information about evolutionary relationships between individual accessions and suggested that some of analyzed accessions were interspecific hybrids and/or backcross progeny. ispartof: PLoS One vol:10 issue:8 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2015
37. Fine Physical and Genetic Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene MlIW172 Originating from Wild Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides)
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Ouyang, Shuhong, primary, Zhang, Dong, additional, Han, Jun, additional, Zhao, Xiaojie, additional, Cui, Yu, additional, Song, Wei, additional, Huo, Naxin, additional, Liang, Yong, additional, Xie, Jingzhong, additional, Wang, Zhenzhong, additional, Wu, Qiuhong, additional, Chen, Yong-Xing, additional, Lu, Ping, additional, Zhang, De-Yun, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Sun, Hua, additional, Yang, Tsomin, additional, Keeble-Gagnere, Gabriel, additional, Appels, Rudi, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Ling, Hong-Qing, additional, Luo, Mingcheng, additional, Gu, Yongqiang, additional, Sun, Qixin, additional, and Liu, Zhiyong, additional
- Published
- 2014
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38. Genome-Wide Analysis of Repeat Diversity across the Family Musaceae
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Novák, Petr, primary, Hřibová, Eva, additional, Neumann, Pavel, additional, Koblížková, Andrea, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, and Macas, Jiří, additional
- Published
- 2014
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39. Syntenic Relationships between the U and M Genomes of Aegilops, Wheat and the Model Species Brachypodium and Rice as Revealed by COS Markers
- Author
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Molnár, István, primary, Šimková, Hana, additional, Leverington-Waite, Michelle, additional, Goram, Richard, additional, Cseh, András, additional, Vrána, Jan, additional, Farkas, András, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Molnár-Láng, Márta, additional, and Griffiths, Simon, additional
- Published
- 2013
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40. Physical Mapping Integrated with Syntenic Analysis to Characterize the Gene Space of the Long Arm of Wheat Chromosome 1A
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Lucas, Stuart J., primary, Akpınar, Bala Anı, additional, Kantar, Melda, additional, Weinstein, Zohar, additional, Aydınoğlu, Fatma, additional, Šafář, Jan, additional, Šimková, Hana, additional, Frenkel, Zeev, additional, Korol, Abraham, additional, Magni, Federica, additional, Cattonaro, Federica, additional, Vautrin, Sonia, additional, Bellec, Arnaud, additional, Bergès, Hélène, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, and Budak, Hikmet, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Molecular Analysis and Genomic Organization of Major DNA Satellites in Banana (Musa spp.)
- Author
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Čížková, Jana, primary, Hřibová, Eva, additional, Humplíková, Lenka, additional, Christelová, Pavla, additional, Suchánková, Pavla, additional, and Doležel, Jaroslav, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Syntenic Relationships between the U and M Genomes of Aegilops, Wheat and the Model Species Brachypodium and Rice as Revealed by COS Markers
- Author
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Richard Goram, András Cseh, István Molnár, Simon Griffiths, Jaroslav Doležel, Hana Šimková, Jan Vrána, András Farkas, Márta Molnár-Láng, and Michelle Leverington-Waite
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Plant Evolution ,Agricultural Biotechnology ,Plant Science ,Plant Genetics ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Chromosome Duplication ,Plant Genomics ,Genome Evolution ,Conserved Sequence ,Expressed Sequence Tags ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Chromosome Biology ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Genomics ,Wheat ,Aegilops ,Medicine ,Brachypodium ,Ploidy ,Genome, Plant ,Research Article ,Genetic Markers ,Genome evolution ,Marker-Assisted Selection ,Science ,Cereals ,Crops ,Biology ,Genome Complexity ,Genes, Plant ,Poaceae ,Synteny ,Chromosomes, Plant ,Molecular Genetics ,Polyploidy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Model Organisms ,Genome Analysis Tools ,Plant and Algal Models ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,030304 developmental biology ,Wheats ,Evolutionary Biology ,Base Sequence ,Chromosome ,Genomic Evolution ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Comparative Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,Structural Genomics ,Aegilops umbellulata ,Rice ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Diploid Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and their natural allotetraploid hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata are important wild gene sources for wheat. With the aim of assisting in alien gene transfer, this study provides gene-based conserved orthologous set (COS) markers for the U and M genome chromosomes. Out of the 140 markers tested on a series of wheat-Aegilops chromosome introgression lines and flow-sorted subgenomic chromosome fractions, 100 were assigned to Aegilops chromosomes and six and seven duplications were identified in the U and M genomes, respectively. The marker-specific EST sequences were BLAST-ed to Brachypodium and rice genomic sequences to investigate macrosyntenic relationships between the U and M genomes of Aegilops, wheat and the model species. Five syntenic regions of Brachypodium identified genome rearrangements differentiating the U genome from the M genome and from the D genome of wheat. All of them seem to have evolved at the diploid level and to have been modified differentially in the polyploid species Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata. A certain level of wheat-Aegilops homology was detected for group 1, 2, 3 and 5 chromosomes, while a clearly rearranged structure was showed for the group 4, 6 and 7 Aegilops chromosomes relative to wheat. The conserved orthologous set markers assigned to Aegilops chromosomes promise to accelerate gene introgression by facilitating the identification of alien chromatin. The syntenic relationships between the Aegilops species, wheat and model species will facilitate the targeted development of new markers specific for U and M genomic regions and will contribute to the understanding of molecular processes related to allopolyploidization.
- Published
- 2013
43. Genomic Diversity in Two Related Plant Species with and without Sex Chromosomes - Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris
- Author
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Cegan, Radim, primary, Vyskot, Boris, additional, Kejnovsky, Eduard, additional, Kubat, Zdenek, additional, Blavet, Hana, additional, Šafář, Jan, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Blavet, Nicolas, additional, and Hobza, Roman, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Sequence Composition and Gene Content of the Short Arm of Rye (Secale cereale) Chromosome 1
- Author
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Fluch, Silvia, primary, Kopecky, Dieter, additional, Burg, Kornel, additional, Šimková, Hana, additional, Taudien, Stefan, additional, Petzold, Andreas, additional, Kubaláková, Marie, additional, Platzer, Matthias, additional, Berenyi, Maria, additional, Krainer, Siegfried, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, and Lelley, Tamas, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Chromosome Isolation by Flow Sorting in Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and Their Allotetraploid Hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata
- Author
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Molnár, István, primary, Kubaláková, Marie, additional, Šimková, Hana, additional, Cseh, András, additional, Molnár-Láng, Márta, additional, and Doležel, Jaroslav, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. First Survey of the Wheat Chromosome 5A Composition through a Next Generation Sequencing Approach
- Author
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Vitulo, Nicola, primary, Albiero, Alessandro, additional, Forcato, Claudio, additional, Campagna, Davide, additional, Dal Pero, Francesca, additional, Bagnaresi, Paolo, additional, Colaiacovo, Moreno, additional, Faccioli, Primetta, additional, Lamontanara, Antonella, additional, Šimková, Hana, additional, Kubaláková, Marie, additional, Perrotta, Gaetano, additional, Facella, Paolo, additional, Lopez, Loredana, additional, Pietrella, Marco, additional, Gianese, Giulio, additional, Doležel, Jaroslav, additional, Giuliano, Giovanni, additional, Cattivelli, Luigi, additional, Valle, Giorgio, additional, and Stanca, A. Michele, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 Sequence Region in the Musaceae: Structure, Diversity and Use in Molecular Phylogeny
- Author
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Hřibová, Eva, primary, Čížková, Jana, additional, Christelová, Pavla, additional, Taudien, Stefan, additional, de Langhe, Edmond, additional, and Doležel, Jaroslav, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fine Physical and Genetic Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene MlIW172 Originating from Wild Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides).
- Author
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Ouyang, Shuhong, Zhang, Dong, Han, Jun, Zhao, Xiaojie, Cui, Yu, Song, Wei, Huo, Naxin, Liang, Yong, Xie, Jingzhong, Wang, Zhenzhong, Wu, Qiuhong, Chen, Yong-Xing, Lu, Ping, Zhang, De-Yun, Wang, Lili, Sun, Hua, Yang, Tsomin, Keeble-Gagnere, Gabriel, Appels, Rudi, and Doležel, Jaroslav
- Subjects
GENE mapping ,POWDERY mildew diseases ,EMMER wheat ,WHEAT diseases & pests ,PLANT chromosomes ,GENETIC markers in plants - Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. In this study, a single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 was identified in the IW172 wild emmer accession and mapped to the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL (bin7AL-16-0.86-0.90) via molecular marker analysis. MlIW172 was closely linked with the RFLP probe Xpsr680-derived STS marker Xmag2185 and the EST markers BE405531 and BE637476. This suggested that MlIW172 might be allelic to the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. By screening genomic BAC library of durum wheat cv. Langdon and 7AL-specific BAC library of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring, and after analyzing genome scaffolds of Triticum urartu containing the marker sequences, additional markers were developed to construct a fine genetic linkage map on the MlIW172 locus region and to delineate the resistance gene within a 0.48 cM interval. Comparative genetics analyses using ESTs and RFLP probe sequences flanking the MlIW172 region against other grass species revealed a general co-linearity in this region with the orthologous genomic regions of rice chromosome 6, Brachypodium chromosome 1, and sorghum chromosome 10. However, orthologous resistance gene-like RGA sequences were only present in wheat and Brachypodium. The BAC contigs and sequence scaffolds that we have developed provide a framework for the physical mapping and map-based cloning of MlIW172. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Physical Map of the Short Arm of Wheat Chromosome 1A.
- Author
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Breen, James, Wicker, Thomas, Shatalina, Margarita, Frenkel, Zeev, Bertin, Isabelle, Philippe, Romain, Spielmeyer, Wolfgang, Šimková, Hana, Šafář, Jan, Cattonaro, Federica, Scalabrin, Simone, Magni, Federica, Vautrin, Sonia, Bergès, Hélène, Paux, Etienne, Fahima, Tzion, Doležel, Jaroslav, Korol, Abraham, Feuillet, Catherine, and Keller, Beat
- Subjects
PLANT chromosomes ,WHEAT genetics ,NUCLEOTIDE sequence ,PLANT gene mapping ,PLANT cloning ,GENE libraries ,MICROARRAY technology ,BRACHYPODIUM - Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has a large and highly repetitive genome which poses major technical challenges for its study. To aid map-based cloning and future genome sequencing projects, we constructed a BAC-based physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A (1AS). From the assembly of 25,918 high information content (HICF) fingerprints from a 1AS-specific BAC library, 715 physical contigs were produced that cover almost 99% of the estimated size of the chromosome arm. The 3,414 BAC clones constituting the minimum tiling path were end-sequenced. Using a gene microarray containing ∼40 K NCBI UniGene EST clusters, PCR marker screening and BAC end sequences, we arranged 160 physical contigs (97 Mb or 35.3% of the chromosome arm) in a virtual order based on synteny with Brachypodium, rice and sorghum. BAC end sequences and information from microarray hybridisation was used to anchor 3.8 Mbp of Illumina sequences from flow-sorted chromosome 1AS to BAC contigs. Comparison of genetic and synteny-based physical maps indicated that ∼50% of all genetic recombination is confined to 14% of the physical length of the chromosome arm in the distal region. The 1AS physical map provides a framework for future genetic mapping projects as well as the basis for complete sequencing of chromosome arm 1AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Syntenic Relationships between the U and M Genomes of Aegilops, Wheat and the Model Species Brachypodium and Rice as Revealed by COS Markers.
- Author
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Molnár, István, Šimková, Hana, Leverington-Waite, Michelle, Goram, Richard, Cseh, András, Vrána, Jan, Farkas, András, Doležel, Jaroslav, Molnár-Láng, Márta, and Griffiths, Simon
- Subjects
GENOMES ,AEGILOPS ,GENETIC engineering of crops ,PLANT species ,BIOMARKERS ,CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
Diploid Aegilops umbellulata and Ae. comosa and their natural allotetraploid hybrids Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata are important wild gene sources for wheat. With the aim of assisting in alien gene transfer, this study provides gene-based conserved orthologous set (COS) markers for the U and M genome chromosomes. Out of the 140 markers tested on a series of wheat-Aegilops chromosome introgression lines and flow-sorted subgenomic chromosome fractions, 100 were assigned to Aegilops chromosomes and six and seven duplications were identified in the U and M genomes, respectively. The marker-specific EST sequences were BLAST-ed to Brachypodium and rice genomic sequences to investigate macrosyntenic relationships between the U and M genomes of Aegilops, wheat and the model species. Five syntenic regions of Brachypodium identified genome rearrangements differentiating the U genome from the M genome and from the D genome of wheat. All of them seem to have evolved at the diploid level and to have been modified differentially in the polyploid species Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata. A certain level of wheat–Aegilops homology was detected for group 1, 2, 3 and 5 chromosomes, while a clearly rearranged structure was showed for the group 4, 6 and 7 Aegilops chromosomes relative to wheat. The conserved orthologous set markers assigned to Aegilops chromosomes promise to accelerate gene introgression by facilitating the identification of alien chromatin. The syntenic relationships between the Aegilops species, wheat and model species will facilitate the targeted development of new markers specific for U and M genomic regions and will contribute to the understanding of molecular processes related to allopolyploidization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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