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Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, associated factors and socioeconomic inequalities in chronic disease relapses (CDR) during 2020 in Peru., Methods: A secondary analysis was made of the National Household Survey on Living Conditions and Poverty (ENAHO) 2020. Participants older than 18 years who suffered from a chronic disease and with information about the occurrence of a CDR in the last 4 weeks prior to the survey were included. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated to determine the associated factors. Socioeconomic inequality in CDR was estimated using concentration curves (CC) and the Erreygers concentration index (ECI)., Results: Data from 38,662 participants were analyzed; the prevalence of CDR in the last 4 weeks prior to the survey was 16.5% (95% CI: 15.8-17.2). Being female (aPR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.21-1.37), with regards to being male; being 30-39 (aPR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.42), 40-49 (aPR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12-1.48), 50-59 (aPR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.41-1.82), and 60 years or older (aPR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.58-2.04), compared to 18-29; reaching up to primary (aPR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07-1.31), or secondary education (aPR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24), in contrast to tertiary education; presenting some physical, psychological or cognitive limitation (aPR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21-1.46), with respect to experiencing no limitations; and being affiliated to a health insurance (aPR 1.18; CI 95%: 1.09-1.29), opposed to not having health insurance; were associated with a higher probability of CDR. Residing in the natural region of the coastal area (aPR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74-0.92) was associated with a lower probability of relapse compared to residing in the jungle area. In people with limitations and residents of the jungle areas, the prevalence of CDR was concentrated in those with higher per capita spending., Conclusions: Approximately 1 in 6 Peruvians with chronic diseases had a relapse within the last 4 weeks prior to the survey of 2020 and certain geographic and sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with CDR. It was also found that a higher concentration of CDR was observed in the population with the highest per capita spending with some limitations, as well as in residents of the jungle, implying the need for appropriate policy interventions that address CDR with a special focus on these populations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Objectives: Abdominal obesity (AO) has become a public health issue due to its impact on health, society and the economy. The relationship between socioeconomic disparities and the prevalence of AO has yet to be studied in Peru. Thus, our aim was to analyze the socioeconomic inequalities in AO distribution defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-off points in Peruvian adults in 2018-2019., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the 2018-2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of Peru. We analyzed a representative sample of 62,138 adults over 18 years of age of both sexes from urban and rural areas. Subjects were grouped into quintiles of the wealth to calculate a concentration curve and the Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) in order to measure the inequality of AO distribution. Finally, we performed a decomposition analysis to evaluate the major determinants of inequalities., Results: The prevalence of AO among Peruvian adults was 73.8%, being higher among women than men (85.1% and 61.1% respectively, p < 0.001). Socioeconomic inequality in AO was more prominent among men (ECI = 0.342, standard error (SE) = 0.0065 vs. ECI = 0.082, SE = 0.0043). The factors that contributed most to inequality in the prevalence of AO for both sexes were having the highest wealth index (men 37.2%, women 45.6%, p < 0.001), a higher education (men 34.4%, women 41.4%, p < 0.001) and living in an urban setting (men 22.0%, women 57.5%, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: In Peru the wealthy concentrate a greater percentage of AO. The inequality gap is greater among men, although AO is more prevalent among women. The variables that most contributed to inequality were the wealth index, educational level and area of residence. There is a need for effective individual and community interventions to reduce these inequalities., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Background: We performed a systematic review of studies conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to assess the impact of oral diseases on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)., Materials and Methods: Searches were performed of the following PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and LILACS databases. Randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies, case and control studies, and cross-sectional studies which included at least 100 participants evaluating the impact of oral diseases on OHRQoL were included. PROSPERO registry number: CRD42020156098., Results: After exclusion of duplicates, 3310 articles were identified, 40 of which were included in this review. 90% of the studies were conducted in Brazil. The most commonly used OHRQoL measuring instruments were CPQ 11-14 (n = 9), ECOHIS (n-8) and B-ECOHIS (n = 8). The study designs included 32 cross-sectional, 2 cohort and 6 case and control studies. Most of the studies were conducted in children (n = 25) and adolescents (n = 9). Most studies identified an impact on OHRQoL in children, adolescents and adults with oral diseases. Moreover, greater oral disease severity had a greater impact on OHRQoL., Conclusions: Most studies in LAC report a negative impact of diseases on OHRQoL. More longitudinal studies are required to confirm the results of these studies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Background: To estimate the impact of stunting on the development of effective verbal communication (EVC) in children aged 24 to 36 months., Methods: We conducted a retrospective, quasi-experimental study design using data from 4452 children between 24 and 36 months of age available in the Early Childhood Development (ECD) section of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2019 survey. Achievement of EVC was considered as the dependent variable. After propensity score matching analysis, a total 601 children were included in the exposed (children with stunting) and 3848 in the unexposed group (children without stunting). The psmatch2 Stata software command was used to estimate the impact of stunting on EVC with a level of 5% for significance., Results: The EVC indicator was achieved by 57.4% of the children between 24 and 36 months of age evaluated, while the prevalence of stunting in this population was 14%. The evaluation of impact showed that the group exposed to stunting was 8% less likely to show EVC compared to the unexposed group (ATT -0.08; 95% CI -0.106 to -0.054; p<0.001)., Conclusions: The presence of stunting was found to have a significant impact on the propensity to show EVC in Peruvian children between 24 and 36 months of age. Strengthening of strategies for reducing malnutrition in vulnerable areas, as well as those directly affecting EVC is a priority for diminishing gaps in the achievement of this indicator in our country., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.