283 results on '"A. Nandi"'
Search Results
2. Impact of laws prohibiting domestic violence on wasting in early childhood
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Bhuwania, Pragya, primary, Raub, Amy, additional, Sprague, Aleta, additional, Martin, Alfredo, additional, Bose, Bijetri, additional, Kidman, Rachel, additional, Nandi, Arijit, additional, Behrman, Jere R., additional, and Heymann, Jody, additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Environmental monitoring and health assessment in an industrial town in central India: A cross-sectional study protocol.
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Tanwi Trushna, Vikas Dhiman, Satish Bhagwatrao Aher, Dharma Raj, Rajesh Ahirwar, Swasti Shubham, Subroto Shambhu Nandi, and Rajnarayan R Tiwari
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundTextile industry has been widely implicated in environmental pollution. The health effects of residing near manufacturing industries are not well documented in India, especially in central India. Hence, a cross-sectional environmental monitoring and health assessment study was initiated as per directions of the local authorities.MethodsComprehensive exposure data about the concentrations of relevant pollutants in the ambient air and ground water samples in the study area will be collected over one year. Using stratified random sampling, 3003 apparently healthy adults will be selected from the study area. Sociodemographic and anthropometric information, relevant medical and family history, and investigations including spirometry, electrocardiogram, neurobehavioral tests, and laboratory investigations (complete blood count, lipid profile and random blood glucose) will be conducted. Finally Iodine azide test and heavy metal level detection in urine and blood samples respectively will be conducted in a subset of selected participants to assess individual pollution exposure. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (No: NIREH/IEC-7-II/1027, dated 07/01/2021).DiscussionThis manuscript describes the protocol for a multi-disciplinary study that aims to conduct environmental monitoring and health assessment in residential areas near viscose rayon and associated chemical manufacturing industries. Although India is the second largest manufacturer of rayon, next only to China, and viscose rayon manufacturing has been documented to be a source of multiple toxic pollutants, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the health effects of residing near such manufacturing units in India. Therefore implementing this study protocol will aid in filling in this knowledge gap.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
4. Predicting the potential distribution of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo-an important medicinal orchid in the West Himalaya, under multiple climate change scenarios.
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Laxman Singh, Nidhi Kanwar, Indra D Bhatt, Shyamal K Nandi, and Anil K Bisht
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Climate variability coupled with anthropogenic pressures is the most critical driver in the Himalayan region for forest ecosystem vulnerability. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo is an important yet highly threatened medicinal orchid from the Himalayan region. Poor regenerative power and growing demand have resulted in the steep decline of its natural habitats populations. The present study aims to identify the habitat suitability of D. hatagirea in the Western Himalaya using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). The community climate system model (CCSM ver. 4) based on representative concentration pathways (RCPs) was used to determine suitable future areas. Sixteen least correlated (< 0.8) bioclimatic, topographical and geomorphic variables were used to construct the species climatic niche. The dominant contributing variables were elevation (34.85%) followed by precipitation of the coldest quarter (23.04%), soil type (8.77%), land use land cover (8.26%), mean annual temperature (5.51%), and temperature seasonality (5.11%). Compared to the present distribution, habitat suitability under future projection, i.e., RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 (2050 and 2070), was found to shift to higher elevation towards the northwest direction, while lower altitudes will invariably be less suitable. Further, as compared to the current distribution, the climatic niche space of the species is expected to expand in between11.41-22.13% in the near future. High habitats suitability areas are mainly concentrated in the forest range like Dharchula and Munsyari range, Pindar valley, Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, West of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, and Uttarkashi forest division. The present study delineated the fundamental niche baseline map of D. hatagirea in the Western Himalayas and highlighted regions/areas where conservation and management strategies should be intensified in the next 50 years. In addition, as the species is commercially exploited illegally, the information gathered is essential for conservationists and planners who protect the species at the regional levels.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling.
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Tara Carney, Jennifer A Rooney, Nandi Niemand, Bronwyn Myers, Danie Theron, Robin Wood, Laura F White, Christina S Meade, Novel N Chegou, Elizabeth Ragan, Gerhard Walzl, Robert Horsburgh, Robin M Warren, and Karen R Jacobson
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been identified as a key at-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). Examination of illicit drug use networks has potential to assess the risk of TB exposure and disease progression. Research also is needed to assess mechanisms for accelerated TB transmission in this population. This study aims to 1) assess the rate of TB exposure, risk of disease progression, and disease burden among PWUD; 2) estimate the proportion of active TB cases resulting from recent transmission within this network; and 3) evaluate whether PWUD with TB disease have physiologic characteristics associated with more efficient TB transmission. Our cross-sectional, observational study aims to assess TB transmission through illicit drug use networks, focusing on methamphetamine and Mandrax (methaqualone) use, in a high TB burden setting and identify mechanisms underlying accelerated transmission. We will recruit and enroll 750 PWUD (living with and without HIV) through respondent driven sampling in Worcester, South Africa. Drug use will be measured through self-report and biological measures, with sputum specimens collected to identify TB disease by Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) and mycobacterial culture. We will co-enroll those with microbiologic evidence of TB disease in Aim 2 for molecular and social network study. Whole genome sequencing of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) specimens and social contact surveys will be done for those diagnosed with TB. For Aim 3, aerosolized Mtb will be compared in individuals with newly diagnosed TB who do and do not smoke illicit drug. Knowledge from this study will provide the basis for a strategy to interrupt TB transmission in PWUD and provide insight into how this fuels overall community transmission. Results have potential for informing interventions to reduce TB spread applicable to high TB and HIV burden settings. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT041515602. Date of Registration: 5 November 2019.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
6. Minimum Wage and Overweight and Obesity in Adult Women: A Multilevel Analysis of Low and Middle Income Countries
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Conklin, Annalijn I, Ponce, Ninez A, Frank, John, Nandi, Arijit, and Heymann, Jody
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Databases ,Factual ,Developing Countries ,Female ,Health Surveys ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Pregnancy ,Prevalence ,Salaries and Fringe Benefits ,Socioeconomic Factors ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
ObjectivesTo describe the relationship between minimum wage and overweight and obesity across countries at different levels of development.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of 27 countries with data on the legislated minimum wage level linked to socio-demographic and anthropometry data of non-pregnant 190,892 adult women (24-49 y) from the Demographic and Health Survey. We used multilevel logistic regression models to condition on country- and individual-level potential confounders, and post-estimation of average marginal effects to calculate the adjusted prevalence difference.ResultsWe found the association between minimum wage and overweight/obesity was independent of individual-level SES and confounders, and showed a reversed pattern by country development stage. The adjusted overweight/obesity prevalence difference in low-income countries was an average increase of about 0.1 percentage points (PD 0.075 [0.065, 0.084]), and an average decrease of 0.01 percentage points in middle-income countries (PD -0.014 [-0.019, -0.009]). The adjusted obesity prevalence difference in low-income countries was an average increase of 0.03 percentage points (PD 0.032 [0.021, 0.042]) and an average decrease of 0.03 percentage points in middle-income countries (PD -0.032 [-0.036, -0.027]).ConclusionThis is among the first studies to examine the potential impact of improved wages on an important precursor of non-communicable diseases globally. Among countries with a modest level of economic development, higher minimum wage was associated with lower levels of obesity.
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- 2016
7. Prioritisation of Informed Health Choices (IHC) key concepts to be included in lower secondary school resources: A consensus study
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Agaba, Joseph Jude, primary, Chesire, Faith, additional, Mugisha, Michael, additional, Nandi, Pamela, additional, Njue, Jane, additional, Nsangi, Allen, additional, Nsengimana, Venuste, additional, Oyuga, Cyril, additional, Rutiyomba, Florian, additional, Semakula, Daniel, additional, Ssenyonga, Ronald, additional, Uwimana, Innocent, additional, and Oxman, Andrew David, additional
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- 2023
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8. Identification of residues involved in allosteric signal transmission from amino acid binding site of pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2
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Nandi, Suparno, primary and Dey, Mishtu, additional
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- 2023
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9. An investigation of the relation between life expectancy & socioeconomic variables using path analysis for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Bangladesh
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Nandi, Dulal Chandra, primary, Hossain, Md. Farhad, additional, Roy, Pronoy, additional, and Ullah, Mohammad Safi, additional
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- 2023
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10. Prioritisation of Informed Health Choices (IHC) key concepts to be included in lower secondary school resources: A consensus study
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Joseph Jude Agaba, Faith Chesire, Michael Mugisha, Pamela Nandi, Jane Njue, Allen Nsangi, Venuste Nsengimana, Cyril Oyuga, Florian Rutiyomba, Daniel Semakula, Ronald Ssenyonga, Innocent Uwimana, and Andrew David Oxman
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Background The Informed Health Choices Key Concepts are principles for thinking critically about healthcare claims and deciding what to do. The Key Concepts provide a framework for designing curricula, learning resources, and evaluation tools. Objectives To prioritise which of the 49 Key Concepts to include in resources for lower secondary schools in East Africa. Methods Twelve judges used an iterative process to reach a consensus. The judges were curriculum specialists, teachers, and researchers from Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. After familiarising themselves with the concepts, they pilot-tested draft criteria for selecting and ordering the concepts. After agreeing on the criteria, nine judges independently assessed all 49 concepts and reached an initial consensus. We sought feedback on the draft consensus from other stakeholders, including teachers. After considering the feedback, nine judges independently reassessed the prioritised concepts and reached a consensus. The final set of concepts was determined after user-testing prototypes and pilot-testing the resources. Results The first panel of judges prioritised 29 concepts. Based on feedback from teachers, students, curriculum specialists, and members of the research team, two concepts were dropped. A second panel of nine judges prioritised 17 of the 27 concepts that emerged from the initial prioritisation and feedback. Based on feedback on prototypes of lessons and pilot-testing a set of 10 lessons, we determined that it was possible to introduce nine concepts in 10 single-period (40-minute) lessons. We included eight of the 17 prioritised concepts and one additional concept. Conclusion Using an iterative process with explicit criteria, we prioritised nine concepts as a starting point for students to learn to think critically about healthcare claims and choices.
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- 2023
11. Predicting the potential distribution of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo-an important medicinal orchid in the West Himalaya, under multiple climate change scenarios
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Singh, Laxman, primary, Kanwar, Nidhi, additional, Bhatt, Indra D., additional, Nandi, Shyamal K., additional, and Bisht, Anil K., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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12. Environmental monitoring and health assessment in an industrial town in central India: A cross-sectional study protocol
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Trushna, Tanwi, primary, Dhiman, Vikas, additional, Aher, Satish Bhagwatrao, additional, Raj, Dharma, additional, Ahirwar, Rajesh, additional, Shubham, Swasti, additional, Nandi, Subroto Shambhu, additional, and Tiwari, Rajnarayan R., additional
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- 2022
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13. Taxonomy and ecology of genus Psyra Walker, 1860 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from Indian Himalaya
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Mallick, Kaushik, primary, Dey, Rushati, additional, Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, additional, Mazumder, Arna, additional, Gayen, Subrata, additional, Ali, Mohd, additional, Das, Gaurab Nandi, additional, Raha, Angshuman, additional, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, additional, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, additional, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, additional, Chandra, Kailash, additional, and Kumar, Vikas, additional
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- 2022
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14. Identification of residues involved in allosteric signal transmission from amino acid binding site of pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2
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Mishtu Dey and Suparno Nandi
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
PKM2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic process and is involved in regulating tumor proliferation. Several amino acids (AAs) such as Asn, Asp, Val, and Cys have been shown to bind to the AA binding pocket of PKM2 and modulate its oligomeric state, substrate binding affinity, and activity. Although previous studies have attributed that the main chain and side chain of bound AAs are responsible for initiating signal to regulate PKM2, the signal transduction pathway remains elusive. To identify the residues involved in signal transfer process, N70 and N75 located at two ends of a β strand connecting the active site and AA binding pocket were altered. Biochemical studies of these variants with various AA ligands (Asn, Asp, Val, and Cys), illustrate that N70 and N75, along with β1 connecting these residues are part of the signal transduction pathway between the AA binding pocket and the active site. The results demonstrate that mutation of N70 to D prevents the transfer of the inhibitory signal mediated by Val and Cys, whereas N75 to L alteration blocks the activating signal initiated by Asn and Asp. Taken together, this study confirms that N70 is one of the residues responsible for transmitting the inhibitory signal and N75 is involved in the activation signal flow.
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- 2023
15. An investigation of the relation between life expectancy & socioeconomic variables using path analysis for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Bangladesh
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Dulal Chandra Nandi, Md. Farhad Hossain, Pronoy Roy, and Mohammad Safi Ullah
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
In today’s world, the key variable for measuring population health is life expectancy (LE). The purpose of this research is to find out how life expectancy is related to other factors and develop a model to account for the predictors that contribute to LE. This study is also conducted to investigate and measure the effect of socioeconomic variables on LE in Bangladesh. In this study, the predictor variables are employment rate, gross national income (GNI), population growth rate, unemployment rate, and age dependency ratio. Path analysis disintegrated bivariate analysis and showed that employment rate, GNI, and age dependency ratio are significantly related to life expectancy, although bivariate analysis showed all variables are significantly related to LE. The maximum values of significant factors, GNI and employment rates, are $1930 and 21.32% happened in 2019, which is positively correlated with life expectancy. Also, the maximum value of the age dependency ratio (81.52%) happened in 1991, whereas the maximum value of the dependent variable LE (72.59 years) happened in 2019. It has been observed that LE, GNI, and employment rates all rise with one another. There exists an adverse relationship between LE and age dependency ratio. Based on comparisons with other highly developed nations, Bangladesh’s GNI needs to grow faster than other significant factors to boost life expectancy. We have forecasted variables that were significantly related to LE until 2030 for the purpose of sustainable development goals, especially the 3rd goal.
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- 2023
16. Phylogenetic analysis of 17271 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genomes to identify temporal and spatial hotspot mutations
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Ghosh, Nimisha, primary, Nandi, Suman, additional, and Saha, Indrajit, additional
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- 2022
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17. Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling
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Carney, Tara, primary, Rooney, Jennifer A., additional, Niemand, Nandi, additional, Myers, Bronwyn, additional, Theron, Danie, additional, Wood, Robin, additional, White, Laura F., additional, Meade, Christina S., additional, Chegou, Novel N., additional, Ragan, Elizabeth, additional, Walzl, Gerhard, additional, Horsburgh, Robert, additional, Warren, Robin M., additional, and Jacobson, Karen R., additional
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- 2022
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18. Credit card fraud detection using a hierarchical behavior-knowledge space model
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Nandi, Asoke K., primary, Randhawa, Kuldeep Kaur, additional, Chua, Hong Siang, additional, Seera, Manjeevan, additional, and Lim, Chee Peng, additional
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- 2022
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19. Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling
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Tara Carney, Jennifer A. Rooney, Nandi Niemand, Bronwyn Myers, Danie Theron, Robin Wood, Laura F. White, Christina S. Meade, Novel N. Chegou, Elizabeth Ragan, Gerhard Walzl, Robert Horsburgh, Robin M. Warren, and Karen R. Jacobson
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Adult ,DNA, Bacterial ,Male ,Adolescent ,Science ,Methamphetamine ,Drug Users ,South Africa ,Young Adult ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Methaqualone ,Registries ,Multidisciplinary ,Sputum ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Drug Combinations ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diphenhydramine ,Medicine ,Female ,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ,Contact Tracing - Abstract
People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been identified as a key at-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). Examination of illicit drug use networks has potential to assess the risk of TB exposure and disease progression. Research also is needed to assess mechanisms for accelerated TB transmission in this population. This study aims to 1) assess the rate of TB exposure, risk of disease progression, and disease burden among PWUD; 2) estimate the proportion of active TB cases resulting from recent transmission within this network; and 3) evaluate whether PWUD with TB disease have physiologic characteristics associated with more efficient TB transmission. Our cross-sectional, observational study aims to assess TB transmission through illicit drug use networks, focusing on methamphetamine and Mandrax (methaqualone) use, in a high TB burden setting and identify mechanisms underlying accelerated transmission. We will recruit and enroll 750 PWUD (living with and without HIV) through respondent driven sampling in Worcester, South Africa. Drug use will be measured through self-report and biological measures, with sputum specimens collected to identify TB disease by Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) and mycobacterial culture. We will co-enroll those with microbiologic evidence of TB disease in Aim 2 for molecular and social network study. Whole genome sequencing of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) specimens and social contact surveys will be done for those diagnosed with TB. For Aim 3, aerosolized Mtb will be compared in individuals with newly diagnosed TB who do and do not smoke illicit drug. Knowledge from this study will provide the basis for a strategy to interrupt TB transmission in PWUD and provide insight into how this fuels overall community transmission. Results have potential for informing interventions to reduce TB spread applicable to high TB and HIV burden settings. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT041515602. Date of Registration: 5 November 2019.
- Published
- 2021
20. Prevalence of male circumcision in four culturally non-circumcising counties in western Kenya after 10 years of program implementation from 2008 to 2019
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Paul Musingila, Jonesmus Wambua, Nandi Owuor, Carlos Toledo, Stephanie M. Davis, Vincent Ojiambo, Kawango Agot, Elijah Odoyo-June, Zebedee Mwandi, Rachael Joseph, Ambrose Wanyonyi, Catey Laube, Todd Lucas, Appolonia Aoko, and Peter Young
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Male ,Population level ,Physiology ,Economics ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Adolescents ,Geographical Locations ,Families ,Circumcision ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Ethnicities ,Reproductive System Procedures ,Children ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,High uptake ,Physiological Parameters ,Male circumcision ,Research Design ,Research Article ,Employment ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Science ,Population ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Young adolescents ,Unmet needs ,Young Adult ,Target setting ,Statistical significance ,Humans ,education ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Kenya ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Circumcision, Male ,Age Groups ,Labor Economics ,People and Places ,Africa ,Population Groupings ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction Kenya started implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention in 2008 and adopted the use of decision makers program planning tool version 2 (DMPPT2) in 2016, to model the impact of circumcisions performed annually on the population prevalence of male circumcision (MC) in the subsequent years. Results of initial DMPPT2 modeling included implausible MC prevalence estimates, of up to 100%, for age bands whose sustained high uptake of VMMC pointed to unmet needs. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among adolescents and men aged 10–29 years to determine the population level MC prevalence, guide target setting for achieving the goal of 80% MC prevalence and for validating DMPPT2 modelled estimates. Methods Beginning July to September 2019, a total of 3,569 adolescents and men aged 10–29 years from households in Siaya, Kisumu, Homa Bay and Migori Counties were interviewed and examined to establish the proportion already circumcised medically or non-medically. We measured agreement between self-reported and physically verified circumcision status and computed circumcision prevalence by age band and County. All statistical were test done at 5% level of significance. Results The observed MC prevalence for 15-29-year-old men was above 75% in all four counties; Homa Bay 75.6% (95% CI [69.0–81.2]), Kisumu 77.9% (95% CI [73.1–82.1]), Siaya 80.3% (95% CI [73.7–85.5]), and Migori 85.3% (95% CI [75.3–91.7]) but were 0.9–12.4% lower than DMPPT2-modelled estimates. For young adolescents 10–14 years, the observed prevalence ranged from 55.3% (95% CI [40.2–69.5]) in Migori to 74.9% (95% CI [68.8–80.2]) in Siaya and were 25.1–32.9% lower than DMMPT 2 estimates. Nearly all respondents (95.5%) consented to physical verification of their circumcision status with an agreement rate of 99.2% between self-reported and physically verified MC status (kappa agreement p-value Conclusion This survey revealed overestimation of MC prevalence from DMPPT2-model compared to the observed population MC prevalence and provided new reference data for setting realistic program targets and re-calibrating inputs into DMPPT2. Periodic population-based MC prevalence surveys, especially for established programs, can help reconcile inconsistencies between VMMC program uptake data and modeled MC prevalence estimates which are based on the number of procedures reported in the program annually.
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- 2021
21. Predicting the potential distribution of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo-an important medicinal orchid in the West Himalaya, under multiple climate change scenarios
- Author
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Laxman Singh, Nidhi Kanwar, Indra D. Bhatt, Shyamal K. Nandi, and Anil K. Bisht
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,Soil ,Multidisciplinary ,Climate Change ,Forests ,Ecosystem - Abstract
Climate variability coupled with anthropogenic pressures is the most critical driver in the Himalayan region for forest ecosystem vulnerability. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo is an important yet highly threatened medicinal orchid from the Himalayan region. Poor regenerative power and growing demand have resulted in the steep decline of its natural habitats populations. The present study aims to identify the habitat suitability of D. hatagirea in the Western Himalaya using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). The community climate system model (CCSM ver. 4) based on representative concentration pathways (RCPs) was used to determine suitable future areas. Sixteen least correlated (< 0.8) bioclimatic, topographical and geomorphic variables were used to construct the species climatic niche. The dominant contributing variables were elevation (34.85%) followed by precipitation of the coldest quarter (23.04%), soil type (8.77%), land use land cover (8.26%), mean annual temperature (5.51%), and temperature seasonality (5.11%). Compared to the present distribution, habitat suitability under future projection, i.e., RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 (2050 and 2070), was found to shift to higher elevation towards the northwest direction, while lower altitudes will invariably be less suitable. Further, as compared to the current distribution, the climatic niche space of the species is expected to expand in between11.41–22.13% in the near future. High habitats suitability areas are mainly concentrated in the forest range like Dharchula and Munsyari range, Pindar valley, Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, West of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, and Uttarkashi forest division. The present study delineated the fundamental niche baseline map of D. hatagirea in the Western Himalayas and highlighted regions/areas where conservation and management strategies should be intensified in the next 50 years. In addition, as the species is commercially exploited illegally, the information gathered is essential for conservationists and planners who protect the species at the regional levels.
- Published
- 2021
22. Credit card fraud detection using a hierarchical behavior-knowledge space model
- Author
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Asoke K. Nandi, Kuldeep Kaur Randhawa, Hong Siang Chua, Manjeevan Seera, and Chee Peng Lim
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Computer and Information Sciences ,fraud detection ,Decision Analysis ,Neural Networks ,Economics ,Science Policy ,Science ,payment card ,finance ,open data ,Social Sciences ,Research and Analysis Methods ,thyroid ,Machine Learning ,Open Science ,Deep Learning ,Artificial Intelligence ,Open Data ,rain ,Statistical Data ,Multidisciplinary ,decision trees ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Statistics ,Decision Trees ,deep learning ,Biology and Life Sciences ,neural networks ,machine learning ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,classification ,decision combination algorithms ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,Management Engineering ,multiple neural network systems ,Finance ,Mathematics ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Data Availability: All relevant benchmark data are within the manuscript, given in references [24], [25], and [26]. Relevant real data records are available from a public repository: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17030138. Copyright: © 2022 Nandi et al. With the advancement in machine learning, researchers continue to devise and implement effective intelligent methods for fraud detection in the financial sector. Indeed, credit card fraud leads to billions of dollars in losses for merchants every year. In this paper, a multi-classifier framework is designed to address the challenges of credit card fraud detections. An ensemble model with multiple machine learning classification algorithms is designed, in which the Behavior-Knowledge Space (BKS) is leveraged to combine the predictions from multiple classifiers. To ascertain the effectiveness of the developed ensemble model, publicly available data sets as well as real financial records are employed for performance evaluations. Through statistical tests, the results positively indicate the effectiveness of the developed model as compared with the commonly used majority voting method for combination of predictions from multiple classifiers in tackling noisy data classification as well as credit card fraud detection problems. Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
- Published
- 2021
23. Prevalence of male circumcision in four culturally non-circumcising counties in western Kenya after 10 years of program implementation from 2008 to 2019
- Author
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Odoyo-June, Elijah, primary, Davis, Stephanie, additional, Owuor, Nandi, additional, Laube, Catey, additional, Wambua, Jonesmus, additional, Musingila, Paul, additional, Young, Peter W., additional, Aoko, Appolonia, additional, Agot, Kawango, additional, Joseph, Rachael, additional, Mwandi, Zebedee, additional, Ojiambo, Vincent, additional, Lucas, Todd, additional, Toledo, Carlos, additional, and Wanyonyi, Ambrose, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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24. Taxonomy and ecology of genus Psyra Walker, 1860 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from Indian Himalaya
- Author
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Kaushik Mallick, Rushati Dey, Uttaran Bandyopadhyay, Arna Mazumder, Subrata Gayen, Mohd Ali, Gaurab Nandi Das, Angshuman Raha, Abesh Kumar Sanyal, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Virendra Prasad Uniyal, Kailash Chandra, and Vikas Kumar
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Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Temperature ,Animals ,Forests ,Moths ,Ecosystem - Abstract
The Psyra Walker, 1860, is a typical Sino-Himalayan genus of the subfamily Ennominae, currently known by 18 species/4 subspecies globally and 9 species from India. This study aims to revise the taxonomy and ecology of Indian Psyra by providing a morphology-based diagnostic key, highlighting their altitudinal, habitat and seasonal preferences, and modelling their distribution based on current and future climatic scenarios. Here, we describe a new species, P. variabilis sp. nov. and document 4 species and 1 subspecies as new to India, viz. P. gracilis, P. szetschwana, P. dsagara, P. falcipennis and P. debilis debilis, thus updating the global species count to 19 with 14 species/1 subspecies from India. We also submitted partial mitochondrial COI sequences of P. crypta, P. similaria, P. spurcataria and P. gracilis as novel to the global genetic database and calculated the overall genetic divergence was 5.17% within the genus, suggesting strong monophyly. Being a typical montane genus, most of the species of Psyra were active within 2000–2280 m altitude, 10.55–15.7°C annual mean temperature, 1200–2300 mm annual precipitation and 168–179 NDVI. Psyra species were predominant in wet temperate, mixed coniferous and moist temperate deciduous forests, their abundance and richness being at peak during post-monsoon months of October–November. The major bioclimatic variables influencing the overall distribution of the genus were mean temperature of warmest quarter, temperature seasonality and precipitation of coldest/driest quarter. While two of the modelled species were predicted to lose area occupancy under future climatic scenarios, the narrow-specialist, Trans-Himalayan species P. debilis debilis was projected to gain up to 75% additional area in the years 2041–60. The results of this study will be helpful to identify sites with maximum area loss projection in ecologically fragile Indian Himalaya and initiating conservation management for such climatically vulnerable insect species groups.
- Published
- 2022
25. Making voluntary medical male circumcision services sustainable: Findings from Kenya’s pilot models, baseline and year 1
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Davis, Stephanie M., primary, Owuor, Nandi, additional, Odoyo-June, Elijah, additional, Wambua, Jonesmus, additional, Omanga, Eunice, additional, Lukobo, Mainza, additional, Laube, Catharine, additional, Mwandi, Zebedee, additional, Suraratdecha, Chutima, additional, Kioko, Urbanus M., additional, Rotich, Wesley, additional, Kataka, Jacquin, additional, Ng’eno, Caroline, additional, Mohan, Diwakar, additional, Toledo, Carlos, additional, Aoko, Appolonia, additional, Anyango, John, additional, Oneya, Daniel, additional, Orenjuro, Kennedy, additional, Mgamb, Elizabeth, additional, Serrem, Kennedy, additional, and Juma, Ambrose, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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26. Essential gene prediction using limited gene essentiality information–An integrative semi-supervised machine learning strategy
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Ram Rup Sarkar, Sutanu Nandi, and Piyali Ganguli
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0301 basic medicine ,Leishmania Donovani ,Support Vector Machine ,Computer science ,Gene Identification and Analysis ,02 engineering and technology ,Genetic Networks ,computer.software_genre ,Machine Learning ,Cluster Analysis ,Protozoans ,Leishmania ,Multidisciplinary ,Genes, Essential ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Eukaryota ,Genomics ,Essential gene ,Area Under Curve ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Algorithms ,Network Analysis ,Metabolic Networks and Pathways ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Science ,Gene prediction ,0206 medical engineering ,Feature selection ,Machine learning ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,Machine Learning Algorithms ,Metabolic Networks ,Artificial Intelligence ,Support Vector Machines ,Genetics ,Humans ,Cluster analysis ,Gene Prediction ,Gene ,business.industry ,Model selection ,Dimensionality reduction ,Organisms ,Genetic Diseases, Inborn ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Genome Analysis ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Support vector machine ,030104 developmental biology ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,020602 bioinformatics ,Mathematics - Abstract
Essential gene prediction helps to find minimal genes indispensable for the survival of any organism. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been useful for the prediction of gene essentiality. However, currently available ML pipelines perform poorly for organisms with limited experimental data. The objective is the development of a new ML pipeline to help in the annotation of essential genes of less explored disease-causing organisms for which minimal experimental data is available. The proposed strategy combines unsupervised feature selection technique, dimension reduction using the Kamada-Kawai algorithm, and semi-supervised ML algorithm employing Laplacian Support Vector Machine (LapSVM) for prediction of essential and non-essential genes from genome-scale metabolic networks using very limited labeled dataset. A novel scoring technique, Semi-Supervised Model Selection Score, equivalent to area under the ROC curve (auROC), has been proposed for the selection of the best model when supervised performance metrics calculation is difficult due to lack of data. The unsupervised feature selection followed by dimension reduction helped to observe a distinct circular pattern in the clustering of essential and non-essential genes. LapSVM then created a curve that dissected this circle for the classification and prediction of essential genes with high accuracy (auROC > 0.85) even with 1% labeled data for model training. After successful validation of this ML pipeline on both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes that show high accuracy even when the labeled dataset is very limited, this strategy is used for the prediction of essential genes of organisms with inadequate experimentally known data, such as Leishmania sp. Using a graph-based semi-supervised machine learning scheme, a novel integrative approach has been proposed for essential gene prediction that shows universality in application to both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes with limited labeled data. The essential genes predicted using the pipeline provide an important lead for the prediction of gene essentiality and identification of novel therapeutic targets for antibiotic and vaccine development against disease-causing parasites.
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- 2020
27. Phylogenetic analysis of 17271 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genomes to identify temporal and spatial hotspot mutations
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Nimisha Ghosh, Suman Nandi, and Indrajit Saha
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Disease Hotspot ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Mutation ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,India ,Genome, Viral ,Phylogeny - Abstract
The second wave of SARS-CoV-2 has hit India hard and though the vaccination drive has started, moderate number of COVID affected patients is still present in the country, thereby leading to the analysis of the evolving virus strains. In this regard, multiple sequence alignment of 17271 Indian SARS-CoV-2 sequences is performed using MAFFT followed by their phylogenetic analysis using Nextstrain. Subsequently, mutation points as SNPs are identified by Nextstrain. Thereafter, from the aligned sequences temporal and spatial analysis are carried out to identify top 10 hotspot mutations in the coding regions based on entropy. Finally, to judge the functional characteristics of all the non-synonymous hotspot mutations, their changes in proteins are evaluated as biological functions considering the sequences by using PolyPhen-2 while I-Mutant 2.0 evaluates their structural stability. For both temporal and spatial analysis, there are 21 non-synonymous hotspot mutations which are unstable and damaging.
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- 2022
28. Essential gene prediction using limited gene essentiality information–An integrative semi-supervised machine learning strategy
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Nandi, Sutanu, primary, Ganguli, Piyali, additional, and Sarkar, Ram Rup, additional
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- 2020
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29. Altered kinetics of circulating progenitor cells in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) associated vasoplegic patients: A pilot study
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Nandi, Sanhita, primary, Potunuru, Uma Rani, additional, Kumari, Chandrani, additional, Nathan, Abel Arul, additional, Gopal, Jayashree, additional, Menon, Gautam I., additional, Siddharthan, Rahul, additional, Dixit, Madhulika, additional, and Thangaraj, Paul Ramesh, additional
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- 2020
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30. Programmatic assessment of electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN)
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Gurnani, Vandana, primary, Singh, Prem, additional, Haldar, Pradeep, additional, Aggarwal, Mahesh Kumar, additional, Agrahari, Kiran, additional, Kashyap, Satabdi, additional, Ghosh, Shreeparna, additional, Mohapatra, Mrinal Kar, additional, Bhargava, Ruma, additional, Nandi, Partha, additional, and Dhalaria, Pritu, additional
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- 2020
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31. Making voluntary medical male circumcision services sustainable: Findings from Kenya’s pilot models, baseline and year 1
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Diwakar Mohan, Elijah Odoyo-June, Zebedee Mwandi, Appolonia Aoko, Jonesmus Wambua, Carlos Toledo, Jacquin Kataka, John Anyango, Kennedy Orenjuro, Ambrose Juma, Urbanus Kioko, Caroline Ng’eno, Nandi Owuor, Elizabeth Mgamb, Wesley Rotich, Mainza Lukobo, Eunice Omanga, Stephanie M. Davis, Kennedy Serrem, Catharine Laube, Chutima Suraratdecha, and Daniel Oneya
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Male ,Adolescent ,Economics ,Epidemiology ,Service delivery framework ,Science ,Social Sciences ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,HIV Infections ,Bivariate analysis ,Sustainability Science ,Education ,Likert scale ,Unit (housing) ,Geographical Locations ,Health Economics ,Sociology ,Circumcision ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Humans ,Reproductive System Procedures ,Child ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Schools ,Multidisciplinary ,Health economics ,Community engagement ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Health Services Administration and Management ,Kenya ,Health Care ,Circumcision, Male ,HIV epidemiology ,People and Places ,Africa ,Sustainability ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Medicine ,Psychology ,Finance ,Research Article ,Program Evaluation ,Demography - Abstract
Voluntary medical male circumcision is a crucial HIV prevention program for men in sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya is one of the first countries to achieve high population coverage and seek to transition the program to a more sustainable structure designed to maintain coverage while making all aspects of service provision domestically owned and implemented. Using pre-defined metrics, we created and evaluated three models of circumcision service delivery (static, mobile and mixed) to identify which had potential for sustaining high circumcision coverage among 10-14-year-olds group, a historically high-demand and accessible age group, at the lowest possible cost. We implemented each model in two distinct geographic areas, one in Siaya and the other in Migori county, and assessed multiple aspects of each model’s sustainability. These included numerical achievements against targets designed to reach 80% coverage over two years; quantitative expenditure outcomes including unit expenditure plus its primary drivers; and qualitative community perception of program quality and sustainability based on Likert scale. Outcome values at baseline were compared with those for year one of model implementation using bivariate linear regression, unpaired t-tests and Wilcoxon rank tests as appropriate. Across models, numerical target achievement ranged from 45–140%, with the mixed models performing best in both counties. Unit expenditures varied from approximately $57 in both countries at baseline to $44-$124 in year 1, with the lowest values in the mixed and static models. Mean key informant perception scores generally rose significantly from baseline to year 1, with a notable drop in the area of community engagement. Consistently low scores were in the aspects of domestic financing for service provision. Sustainability-focused circumcision service delivery models can successfully achieve target volumes at lower unit expenditures than existing models, but strategies for domestic financing remain a crucial challenge to address for long-term maintenance of the program.
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- 2021
32. Rollout of ShangRing circumcision with active surveillance for adverse events and monitoring for uptake in Kenya
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Jonas Z Hines, Vincent Ojiambo, Bartilol Kigen, Elijah Odoyo-June, Ambrose Juma, Saida Kassim, Nandi Owuor, George Otieno, Christine Kisia, Stephanie M. Davis, Carlos Toledo, Kawango Agot, Quentin Awori, Zebedee Mwandi, Catey Laube, Appolonia Aoko, and Kennedy Serrem
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Male ,RNA viruses ,Program evaluation ,030312 virology ,Global Health ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Geographical Locations ,Postoperative Complications ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Circumcision ,Health care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Global health ,Public and Occupational Health ,Reproductive System Procedures ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,Patient Satisfaction ,Research Design ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,Viruses ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Voluntary Programs ,Clinical Research Design ,Science ,Equipment ,Bioengineering ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Context (language use) ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient satisfaction ,Retroviruses ,medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Microbial Pathogens ,Measurement Equipment ,Wound dehiscence ,business.industry ,Lentivirus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Kenya ,Clinical trial ,Circumcision, Male ,People and Places ,Africa ,Emergency medicine ,Medical Devices and Equipment ,Adverse Events ,business ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Introduction Since 2011, Kenya has been evaluating ShangRing device for use in its voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Compared to conventional surgical circumcision, the ShangRing procedure is shorter, does not require suturing and gives better cosmetic outcomes. After a pilot evaluation of ShangRing in 2011, Kenya conducted an active surveillance for adverse events associated with its use from 2016-2018 to further assess its safety, uptake and to identify any operational bottlenecks to its widespread use based on data from a larger pool of procedures in routine health care settings. Methods From December 2017 to August 2018, HIV-negative VMMC clients aged 13 years or older seeking VMMC at six sites across five counties in Kenya were offered ShangRing under injectable local anesthetic as an alternative to conventional surgical circumcision. Providers described both procedures to clients before letting them make a choice. Outcome measures recorded for clients who chose ShangRing included the proportions who were clinically eligible, had successful device placement, experienced adverse events (AEs), or failed to return for device removal. Clients failing to return for follow up were sought through phone calls, text messages or home visits to ensure removal and complete information on adverse events. Results Out of 3,692 eligible clients 1,079 (29.2%) chose ShangRing; of these, 11 (1.0%) were excluded due to ongoing clinical conditions, 17 (1.6%) underwent conventional surgery due to lack of appropriate device size at the time of the procedure, 97.3% (1051/1079) had ShangRing placement. Uptake of ShangRing varied from 11% to 97% across different sites. There was one severe AE, a failed ShangRing placement (0.1%) managed by conventional wound suturing, plus two moderate AEs (0.2%), post removal wound dehiscence and bleeding, that resolved without sequelae. The overall AE rate was 0.3%. All clients returned for device removal from fifth to eleventh day after placement. Conclusion ShangRing circumcision is effective and safe in the Kenyan context but its uptake varies widely in different settings. It should be rolled out under programmatic implementation for eligible males to take advantage of its unique benefits and the freedom of choice beyond conventional surgical MMC. Public education on its availability and unique advantages is necessary to optimize its uptake and to actualize the benefit of its inclusion in VMMC programs.
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- 2019
33. Altered kinetics of circulating progenitor cells in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) associated vasoplegic patients: A pilot study
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Abel Arul Nathan, Madhulika Dixit, Sanhita Nandi, Paul Ramesh Thangaraj, Uma Rani Potunuru, Jayashree Gopal, Chandrani Kumari, Gautam I. Menon, and Rahul Siddharthan
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Male ,Cardiovascular Procedures ,Physiology ,CD34 ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Pilot Projects ,Comorbidity ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Severity of Illness Index ,law.invention ,Machine Learning ,Intraoperative Period ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal Cells ,law ,Vasoplegia ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Postoperative Period ,Endothelial Progenitor Cells ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,Multidisciplinary ,Anthropometry ,Stem Cells ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Boosting Algorithms ,Middle Aged ,Body Fluids ,Cardiac surgery ,Haematopoiesis ,Blood ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,Physical Sciences ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Female ,Cellular Types ,Anatomy ,Stem cell ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Adult ,Computer and Information Sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac Surgery ,Science ,Cell Enumeration Techniques ,Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Machine Learning Algorithms ,03 medical and health sciences ,Artificial Intelligence ,Internal medicine ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,medicine ,Humans ,Progenitor cell ,Aged ,Progenitor ,business.industry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Cell Biology ,Hematopoietic Stem Cells ,Blood Cell Count ,Kinetics ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,business ,Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ,Mathematics - Abstract
Vasoplegia observed post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with substantial morbidity, multiple organ failure and mortality. Circulating counts of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are potential markers of neo-vascularization and vascular repair. However, the significance of changes in the circulating levels of these progenitors in perioperative CPB, and their association with post-CPB vasoplegia, are currently unexplored. We enumerated HSC and EPC counts, via flow cytometry, at different time-points during CPB in 19 individuals who underwent elective cardiac surgery. These 19 individuals were categorized into two groups based on severity of post-operative vasoplegia, a clinically insignificant vasoplegic Group 1 (G1) and a clinically significant vasoplegic Group 2 (G2). Differential changes in progenitor cell counts during different stages of surgery were compared across these two groups. Machine-learning classifiers (logistic regression and gradient boosting) were employed to determine if differential changes in progenitor counts could aid the classification of individuals into these groups. Enumerating progenitor cells revealed an early and significant increase in the circulating counts of CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in G1 individuals, while these counts were attenuated in G2 individuals. Additionally, EPCs (CD34+VEGFR2+) were lower in G2 individuals compared to G1. Gradient boosting outperformed logistic regression in assessing the vasoplegia grouping based on the fold change in circulating CD 34+ levels. Our findings indicate that a lack of early response of CD34+ cells and CD34+CD133+ HSCs might serve as an early marker for development of clinically significant vasoplegia after CPB.
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- 2020
34. Effect of a 20-week physical activity intervention on selective attention and academic performance in children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods: A cluster randomized control trial
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Markus Gerber, Nandi Joubert, Ivan Müller, Harald Seelig, Stefanie Gall, Uwe Pühse, Sebastian Ludyga, Danielle Smith, Siphesihle Nqweniso, Jürg Utzinger, Larissa Adams, Cheryl Walter, Rosa du Randt, and Peter Steinmann
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Gerontology ,Male ,Physical fitness ,Helminthiasis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Academic Skills ,Body Mass Index ,South Africa ,Families ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Sociology ,Academic Performance ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Attention ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cluster randomised controlled trial ,lcsh:Science ,Child ,Children ,Language ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,Schools ,4. Education ,Statistics ,Test (assessment) ,Helminth Infections ,Cohort ,Physical Sciences ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Research Article ,Adolescent ,education ,Life skills ,Linear Regression Analysis ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Vulnerable Populations ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Parasitic Diseases ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Socioeconomic status ,Exercise ,School Health Services ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,030229 sport sciences ,Physical Activity ,Disadvantaged ,Social Class ,Physical Fitness ,Age Groups ,People and Places ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,Population Groupings ,business ,Mathematics ,Blood sampling ,Neuroscience - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a 20-week school-based physical activity intervention program on academic performance and selective attention among disadvantaged South African primary school children. DESIGN: Cluster randomized control trial. METHODS: The study cohort included 663 children from eight primary schools, aged 8-13 years. Data assessment took place between February 2015 and May 2016 following the implementation of a 20-week school-based physical activity program. The d2 test was employed to assess selective attention, while the averaged end-of-year school results (math, life skills, home language, and additional language) were used as an indicator of academic performance. Physical fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test (VO2 max) and grip strength tests. We controlled for cluster effects, baseline scores in selective attention or academic performance, and potential confounders, such as children's age, gender, socioeconomic status, self-reported physical activity (as determined by a pre-tested questionnaire), body mass index, hemoglobin (as a proxy for anemia, as measured by blood sampling), and soil-transmitted helminth infections (as assessed by the Kato-Katz technique). RESULTS: Our multivariate analysis suggested that the physical activity intervention had a positive effect on academic performance (p = 0.032), while no effect was found on selective attention (concentration performance; p = 0.469; error percentage; p = 0.237). After controlling for potential confounders, the physical activity condition contributed to the maintenance of academic performance, whereas a decrease was observed in learners in the control condition. Furthermore, physically active and fit children tend to have better concentration performance (CP) than their less fit peers (self-reported activity; p0.021). CONCLUSION: A 20-week physical activity intervention contributes to the maintenance of academic performance among socioeconomically deprived school children in South Africa. School administrators should ensure that their school staff implements physical activity lessons, which are a compulsory component of the school by the curriculum.
- Published
- 2018
35. The impact of eliminating primary school tuition fees on child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa: A quasi-experimental evaluation of policy changes in 8 countries
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Erin Strumpf, John Frank, Alissa Koski, Jody Heymann, Arijit Nandi, and Jay S. Kaufman
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Rural Population ,Malawi ,Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Population Dynamics ,Psychological intervention ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Ghana ,Cohort Studies ,Geographical Locations ,Families ,0302 clinical medicine ,5. Gender equality ,Sociology ,Child marriage ,Uganda ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cameroon ,Longitudinal Studies ,050207 economics ,Human Families ,Marriage ,10. No inequality ,Child ,lcsh:Science ,Children ,Multidisciplinary ,Schools ,4. Education ,Primary schooling ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,humanities ,3. Good health ,Research Design ,Scale (social sciences) ,Female ,Cohort study ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sub saharan ,Adolescent ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Public health ,lcsh:R ,Fixed effects model ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Age Groups ,Fees and Charges ,People and Places ,Africa ,Demographic economics ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Child marriage harms girls' health and hinders progress toward development goals. Randomized studies have shown that providing financial incentives for girls' education can effectively delay marriage, but larger-scale interventions are needed in light of slow progress toward curbing the practice. Many sub-Saharan African countries eliminated primary school tuition fees over the past two decades, resulting in massive increases in enrolment. We measured the effect of these policies on the probability of primary school completion and of marriage before 15 and 18 years of age.METHODS: We used Demographic and Health Surveys to assemble a dataset of women born between 1970 and 2000 in 16 countries. These data were merged with longitudinal information on the timing of tuition fee elimination in each country. We estimated the impact of fee removal using fixed effects regression to compare changes in the prevalence of child marriage over time between women who were exposed to tuition-free primary schooling and those who were not.RESULTS: The removal of tuition fees led to modest average declines in the prevalence of child marriage across all of the treated countries. However, there was substantial heterogeneity between countries. The prevalence of child marriage declined by 10-15 percentage points in Ethiopia and Rwanda following tuition elimination but we found no evidence that the removal of tuition fees had an impact on child marriage rates in Cameroon or Malawi. Reductions in child marriage were not consistently accompanied by increases in the probability of primary school completion.CONCLUSIONS: Eliminating tuition fees led to reductions in child marriage on a national scale in most countries despite challenges with implementation. Improving the quality of the education available may strengthen these effects and bolster progress toward numerous other public health goals.
- Published
- 2018
36. Rollout of ShangRing circumcision with active surveillance for adverse events and monitoring for uptake in Kenya
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Odoyo-June, Elijah, primary, Owuor, Nandi, additional, Kassim, Saida, additional, Davis, Stephanie, additional, Agot, Kawango, additional, Serrem, Kennedy, additional, Otieno, George, additional, Awori, Quentin, additional, Hines, Jonas, additional, Toledo, Carlos, additional, Laube, Catey, additional, Kisia, Christine, additional, Aoko, Appolonia, additional, Ojiambo, Vincent, additional, Mwandi, Zebedee, additional, Juma, Ambrose, additional, and Kigen, Bartilol, additional
- Published
- 2019
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37. Which community-based HIV initiatives are effective in achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets? A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence (2007-2018)
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Dave, Sailly, primary, Peter, Trevor, additional, Fogarty, Clare, additional, Karatzas, Nicolaos, additional, Belinsky, Nandi, additional, and Pant Pai, Nitika, additional
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- 2019
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38. Are policy initiatives aligned to meet UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets impacting HIV testing and linkages to care? Evidence from a systematic review
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Karatzas, Nicolaos, primary, Peter, Trevor, additional, Dave, Sailly, additional, Fogarty, Clare, additional, Belinsky, Nandi, additional, and Pant Pai, Nitika, additional
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- 2019
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39. Do alcohol control policies work? An umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of alcohol control interventions (2006 – 2017)
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Siegfried, Nandi, primary and Parry, Charles, additional
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- 2019
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40. Effect of a 20-week physical activity intervention on selective attention and academic performance in children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods: A cluster randomized control trial
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Gall, Stefanie, primary, Adams, Larissa, additional, Joubert, Nandi, additional, Ludyga, Sebastian, additional, Müller, Ivan, additional, Nqweniso, Siphesihle, additional, Pühse, Uwe, additional, du Randt, Rosa, additional, Seelig, Harald, additional, Smith, Danielle, additional, Steinmann, Peter, additional, Utzinger, Jürg, additional, Walter, Cheryl, additional, and Gerber, Markus, additional
- Published
- 2018
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41. Hospital utilization and out of pocket expenditure in public and private sectors under the universal government health insurance scheme in Chhattisgarh State, India: Lessons for universal health coverage
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Priyanka Dixit, Helen Schneider, and Sulakshana Nandi
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Male ,National Health Programs ,Economics ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Health Care Sector ,Economic Geography ,Geographical Locations ,Governments ,0302 clinical medicine ,Universal Health Insurance ,Health care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Socioeconomics ,lcsh:Science ,health care economics and organizations ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Public sector ,Hospitals ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Private Sector ,Management Engineering ,Research Article ,Financing, Personal ,Asia ,Political Science ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,India ,Context (language use) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insurance ,Health Economics ,Humans ,education ,Government ,Risk Management ,Health economics ,Public Sector ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Private sector ,Health Care ,Social Class ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,Residence ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Finance ,Health Insurance - Abstract
Research on impact of publicly financed health insurance has paid relatively little attention to the nature of healthcare provision the schemes engage. India's National Health Insurance Scheme or RSBY was made universal by Chhattisgarh State in 2012. In the State, public and private sectors provide hospital services in a context of extensive gender, social, economic and geographical inequities. This study examined enrolment, utilization (public and private) and out of pocket (OOP) expenditure for the insured and uninsured, in Chhattisgarh. The Chhattisgarh State Central sample (n = 6026 members) of the 2014 National Sample Survey (71st Round) on Health was extracted and analyzed. Variables of enrolment, hospitalization, out of pocket (OOP) expenditure and catastrophic expenditure were descriptively analyzed. Multivariate analyses of factors associated with enrolment, hospitalization (by sector) and OOP expenditure were conducted, taking into account gender, socio-economic status, residence, type of facility and ailment. Insurance coverage was 38.8%. Rates of hospitalization were 33/1000 population among the insured and 29/1000 among the uninsured. Of those insured and hospitalized, 67.2% utilized the public sector. Women, rural residents, Scheduled Tribes and poorer groups were more likely to utilize the public sector for hospitalizations. Although the insured were less likely to incur out of pocket (OOP) expenditure, 95.1% of insured private sector users and 66.0% of insured public sector users, still incurred costs. Median OOP payments in the private sector were eight times those in the public sector. Of households with at least one member hospitalized, 35.5% experienced catastrophic health expenditures (>10% monthly household consumption expenditure). The study finds that despite insurance coverage, the majority still incurred OOP expenditure. The public sector was nevertheless less expensive, and catered to the more vulnerable groups. It suggests the need to further examine the roles of public and private sectors in financial risk protection through government health insurance.
- Published
- 2017
42. Barriers and facilitators of HIV vaccine and prevention study participation among Young Black MSM and transwomen in New York City
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Pich Seekaew, Vijay Nandi, Sharise T. Richardson, Beryl A. Koblin, Tasha Vazquez, and Hong Van Tieu
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Gerontology ,RNA viruses ,Questionnaires ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Epidemiology ,Physiology ,HIV Infections ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Men who have sex with men ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Reproductive Physiology ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Copulation ,Medicine ,Confidentiality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality ,Young adult ,HIV vaccine ,media_common ,AIDS Vaccines ,education.field_of_study ,Vaccines ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Multidisciplinary ,virus diseases ,3. Good health ,Voucher ,Medical Microbiology ,Research Design ,HIV epidemiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Infectious diseases ,Female ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sexual Behavior ,Science ,Population ,HIV prevention ,Men WHO Have Sex with Men ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Transgender Persons ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Risk-Taking ,Virology ,Infectious disease control ,Retroviruses ,Humans ,Homosexuality, Male ,education ,Microbial Pathogens ,Demography ,Medicine and health sciences ,Preventive medicine ,Survey Research ,Biology and life sciences ,business.industry ,Viral vaccines ,Lentivirus ,HIV vaccines ,Organisms ,HIV ,Black or African American ,Public and occupational health ,Family medicine ,People and Places ,Population Groupings ,New York City ,business ,Sexuality Groupings - Abstract
BackgroundBlack men who have sex with men (MSM), and Transwomen (TW) shoulder disproportionate burden of HIV. However, they are unrepresented in HIV vaccine trials. We investigated the perceptions of that factors associated with HIV vaccine trials participation among Black MSM and TW in New York.MethodsSelf-administered online questionnaires were administered to 18-29 years of NYC residents who identified as Black MSM and TW, assessing demographics, awareness and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials, barriers and facilitators associated with willingness, and sexual behaviors. Frequency summation was performed to determine barriers and facilitators, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors association with expressed willingness.ResultsBlack MSM and TW who reported engaging in risk behaviors had a 61% lower likelihood of participating in HIV vaccine trials when compared to those who did not report engaging in any risk behavior. Facilitators associated with trial participation were: cash compensation, confidentiality regarding participation, public transportation vouchers, gift cards, and food or grocery vouchers as potential facilitators for trial participation. Conversely, fear of side effects from the vaccine, concerns about testing positive on routine HIV testing due to an HIV vaccine, limited knowledge of research trials, and fear of being judged as HIV-positive were perceived as barriers.ConclusionsThese findings provided insights into the considerations and perceptions of Black MSM and TW towards HIV vaccine trials. However, further studies are needed to delineate the complex mechanisms underlying the decision-making process and establish approaches to increase study participation in this population.
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- 2017
43. Which community-based HIV initiatives are effective in achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets? A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence (2007-2018)
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Clare Fogarty, Sailly Dave, Nicolaos Karatzas, Nandi Belinsky, Nitika Pant Pai, and Trevor Peter
- Subjects
RNA viruses ,Epidemiology ,Psychological intervention ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Database Searching ,10. No inequality ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Statistics ,1. No poverty ,HIV diagnosis and management ,Research Assessment ,Metaanalysis ,Socioeconomic Aspects of Health ,3. Good health ,Systematic review ,Medical Microbiology ,HIV epidemiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Meta-analysis ,Viruses ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,0305 other medical science ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Systematic Reviews ,United Nations ,Science ,Population ,Community Based Intervention ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Intervention (counseling) ,Retroviruses ,medicine ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,education ,Microbial Pathogens ,Linkage (software) ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Lentivirus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,Diagnostic medicine ,Health Care ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Family medicine ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,Mathematics - Abstract
BackgroundReaching the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets to end the HIV epidemic relies on effective interventions that engage untested HIV+ individuals and retain them in care. Evidence on community-based interventions through the lens of the targets has not yet been synthesized, reflecting a knowledge gap. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to shed light on successful community-based interventions that have been effective in contributing, directly or indirectly, towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets: knowledge of HIV status, linkage to care/on treatment, and viral suppression. Linkage to care was also included in this review due to the limitations of studies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the period 2007-2018. Eleven databases were searched to identify community-based interventions designed to improve knowledge of HIV status (in particular HIV testing), linkage to care/on treatment, and/or viral suppression. Eligible studies were classified by intervention, population, country income level, outcomes and success. Success was defined as interventions demonstrating statistical significance between intervention and control group or that reached any target by proportion; 90% testing, 81% linked to care/on treatment and 73% viral suppression.ResultsOf 82 eligible studies, 51.2% (42/82) reported on HIV testing (first 90), 20.7% (17/82) on linkage to care/ on treatment (second 90), and 45.1% (37/82) on viral suppression (third 90). In all, 67.1% (55/82) of studies reported success; 21 studies on the first 90, 9 towards linkage to care/on treatment, and 25 towards the third. By strategies, 36.6% deployed community workers/peers, 22% used combined test and treat strategies, 12.2% used educational methods, 8.5% used mobile testing, 7.3% used campaigns and 13.4% used technology. For HIV testing/linkage, combined test/treat interventions were often used, for viral suppression, educational interventions and technologies were commonly deployed. Our pooled analysis suggested that deployment of community health care workers/peer workers significantly improved viral suppression (pooled OR: 1.40 95% CI 1.06-1.86). Of the studies published after 2014, 50.0% reported metrics aligned with UNAIDS targets.ConclusionsData on linkage to care/on treatment (second target) remained weak, because many studies reported successes on the first and third targets. Stratification by targets and country income levels is informative and guides adaptation of successful interventions in comparable settings. Consistent reporting of clear metrics aligned with UNAIDS targets will aid in synergy of study data with programmatic data that will help reportage. Exploration of innovative interventions, for engagement and linkage and deployment of community/ peer workers is strongly encouraged.
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- 2019
44. Are policy initiatives aligned to meet UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets impacting HIV testing and linkages to care? Evidence from a systematic review
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Nitika Pant Pai, Trevor Peter, Sailly Dave, Clare Fogarty, Nandi Belinsky, and Nicolaos Karatzas
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RNA viruses ,Viral Diseases ,Economic growth ,Epidemiology ,Psychological intervention ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Geographical Locations ,Database and Informatics Methods ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Health care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Database Searching ,10. No inequality ,Multidisciplinary ,Health Policy ,1. No poverty ,HIV diagnosis and management ,Research Assessment ,Partner notification ,3. Good health ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Systematic review ,Incentive ,Medical Microbiology ,HIV epidemiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,Goals ,Research Article ,Systematic Reviews ,United Nations ,Science ,030231 tropical medicine ,Developing country ,Ligation Independent Cloning ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Retroviruses ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Health policy ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,business.industry ,Lentivirus ,Organisms ,Rwanda ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,Diagnostic medicine ,People and Places ,Africa ,Patient Care ,business ,Cloning ,Molecular Cloning - Abstract
BackgroundThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Fast-Track initiative seeks to eliminate AIDS as a health threat by 2030, with its focus on UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Effective policies and programs, if scaled nationally, have the potential to generate a greater impact on HIV control, yet a synthesis of successful HIV policies/programs aligned to the targets is currently unavailable. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate successful HIV policies and programs to direct future interventions.MethodsFor the period 2007-2018, we searched 8 databases and classified eligible studies by country income level, UNAIDS targets, intervention type, and reported outcomes. Study outcomes were classified as per UNAIDS targets; proportionally: 90% target 1, 81% target 2, and 73% target 3.ResultsWe retrieved 5201 citations and a final set of eight studies on policies. Break up by income: three (38%) from high income, one (12%) from middle income and four (50%) from low income. Break up by outcomes reported: 36% (4/11) focused on HIV testing, 46% (5/11) on antiretroviral therapy initiation, and 18% (2/11) on viral suppression. Across studies, UNAIDS targets were met in high-income countries, where policies and guidelines were adhered to, whereas in low and middle-income countries, non-adherence led to failure to reach the targets. Targets were also met when country infrastructure supported a targeted program and stakeholders were actively engaged.ConclusionsFrom the studies identified, we deduced a clear, positive correlation between implementation of policies and programs that resulted in an increase in patient awareness and an increase in partner notification with services that encouraged them, and together these resulted in increasing testing rates, and deployment of linkage/retention programs that improved retention in care. An analysis of these studies also suggests that policies, combined with the scale-up incentives, are needed to change the status quo. Incentives to improve the targets must exist; performance incentives at the health care worker level and country level incentives that could transform the nature of care. Given the complexity in reporting of targets, a one size fits all model is not a feasible option. However, the policies created a strong framework to shape future interventions.
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- 2019
45. Do alcohol control policies work? An umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of alcohol control interventions (2006 – 2017)
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Nandi Siegfried and Charles D. H. Parry
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Alcohol Drinking ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Public Policy ,Cochrane Library ,World Health Organization ,Rigour ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Harm Reduction ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Mass Media ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Driving Under the Influence ,media_common ,Marketing ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,030505 public health ,Multidisciplinary ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Taxes ,Alcoholism ,Systematic review ,Community mobilization ,Alcohol advertising ,Medicine ,Observational study ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
BackgroundThe 2010 World Health Organization Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol recommends countries adopt evidence-based interventions.AimTo update, summarize, and appraise the methodological rigour of systematic reviews of selected alcohol control interventions in the Strategy.MethodsWe searched for systematic reviews across PUBMED, EMBase and The Cochrane Library in 2016 and updated in 2017 with no language limits. Two investigators independently in duplicate conducted screening, eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment using the ROBIS tool. We categorised interventions according to the WHO recommendations, and rated reviews as at high, low or unclear risk of bias. We applied a hierarchical approach to summarising review results. Where overlap existed we report results of high quality reviews and if none existed, by most recent date of publication. We integrated the ROBIS rating with the results to produce a benefit indication.ResultsWe identified 42 systematic reviews from 5,282 records. Almost all eligible reviews were published in English, one in German and one in Portuguese. Most reviews identified only observational studies (74%; 31/42) with no studies from low or lower-middle income (LMIC) countries. Ten reviews were rated as low risk of bias. Methodological deficiencies included publication and language limits, no duplicate assessment, no assessment of study quality, and no integration of quality into result interpretation. We evaluated the following control measures as possibly beneficial: 1) community mobilization; 2) multi-component interventions in the drinking environment; 3) restricting alcohol advertising; 4) restricting on- and off-premise outlet density; 5) police patrols and ignition locks to reduce drink driving; and 6) increased price and taxation including minimum unit pricing.ConclusionsRobust and well-reported research synthesis is deficient in the alcohol control field despite the availability of clear methodological guidance. The lack of primary and synthesis research arising from LMIC should be prioritised globally.
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- 2019
46. Prevalence and mapping of hepatitis C infections among men who have sex with men in New York City
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Tieu, Hong-Van, primary, Laeyendecker, Oliver, additional, Nandi, Vijay, additional, Rose, Rebecca, additional, Fernandez, Reinaldo, additional, Lynch, Briana, additional, Hoover, Donald R., additional, Frye, Victoria, additional, and Koblin, Beryl A., additional
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- 2018
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47. Using community health workers to refer pregnant women and young children to health care facilities in rural West Bengal, India: A prospective cohort study
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Wagner, Abram L., primary, Xia, Lu, additional, Ghosh, Aparna, additional, Datta, Sandip, additional, Pandey, Priyamvada, additional, Santra, Sujay, additional, Chattopadhyay, Sharmila, additional, Nandi, Uddip, additional, Mazumder, Tanusree, additional, Joshi, Sucheta, additional, Pal, Joyojeet, additional, and Mukherjee, Bhramar, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
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48. The impact of eliminating primary school tuition fees on child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa: A quasi-experimental evaluation of policy changes in 8 countries
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Koski, Alissa, primary, Strumpf, Erin C., additional, Kaufman, Jay S., additional, Frank, John, additional, Heymann, Jody, additional, and Nandi, Arijit, additional
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- 2018
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49. Hospital utilization and out of pocket expenditure in public and private sectors under the universal government health insurance scheme in Chhattisgarh State, India: Lessons for universal health coverage
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Nandi, Sulakshana, primary, Schneider, Helen, additional, and Dixit, Priyanka, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
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50. Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Field Cricket Calling Behaviour: Implications for Female Mate Search and Mate Choice
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Diptarup Nandi and Rohini Balakrishnan
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0106 biological sciences ,Male ,Sexual Selection ,Atmospheric Science ,lcsh:Medicine ,Wind ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Natural Selection ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Physics ,010601 ecology ,Field cricket ,Insects ,Mate choice ,Crickets ,Dynamics (music) ,Sexual selection ,Physical Sciences ,Female ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Cognitive psychology ,Research Article ,Evolutionary Processes ,Arthropoda ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Movement ,Population ,Fidelity ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Gryllidae ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Meteorology ,Population Metrics ,Acoustic Signals ,Genetics ,Animals ,Statistical Methods ,education ,Population Density ,Evolutionary Biology ,Population Biology ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Acoustics ,Mating Preference, Animal ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Plebeiogryllus guttiventris ,Earth Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Vocalization, Animal ,Bioacoustics ,Population Genetics ,Mathematics ,Generalized Linear Model - Abstract
Amount of calling activity (calling effort) is a strong determinant of male mating success in species such as orthopterans and anurans that use acoustic communication in the context of mating behaviour. While many studies in crickets have investigated the determinants of calling effort, patterns of variability in male calling effort in natural choruses remain largely unexplored. Within-individual variability in calling activity across multiple nights of calling can influence female mate search and mate choice strategies. Moreover, calling site fidelity across multiple nights of calling can also affect the female mate sampling strategy. We therefore investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of acoustic signaling behaviour in a wild population of the field cricket species Plebeiogryllus guttiventris. We first studied the consistency of calling activity by quantifying variation in male calling effort across multiple nights of calling using repeatability analysis. Callers were inconsistent in their calling effort across nights and did not optimize nightly calling effort to increase their total number of nights spent calling. We also estimated calling site fidelity of males across multiple nights by quantifying movement of callers. Callers frequently changed their calling sites across calling nights with substantial displacement but without any significant directionality. Finally, we investigated trade-offs between within-night calling effort and energetically expensive calling song features such as call intensity and chirp rate. Calling effort was not correlated with any of the calling song features, suggesting that energetically expensive song features do not constrain male calling effort. The two key features of signaling behaviour, calling effort and call intensity, which determine the duration and spatial coverage of the sexual signal, are therefore uncorrelated and function independently.
- Published
- 2016
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