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Introduction and objectives: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) previously revascularized with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk of recurrent ischemic events. We aimed to provide real-world insights into the clinical characteristics and management of this clinical population, excluding patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, using Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective study based on the secondary use of 2014–2018 real-world data captured in the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of 1,579 patients (0.72% of the T2D population analyzed; n = 217,632 patients) from 12 representative hospitals in Spain. To access the unstructured clinical information in EHRs, we used the EHRead® technology, based on NLP and machine learning. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were considered: MI, ischemic stroke, urgent coronary revascularization, and hospitalization due to unstable angina. The association between MACE rates and the variables included in this study was evaluated following univariate and multivariate approaches. Results: Most patients were male (72.13%), with a mean age of 70.5±10 years. Regarding T2D, most patients were non-insulin-dependent T2D (61.75%) with high prevalence of comorbidities. The median (Q1-Q3) duration of follow-up was 1.2 (0.3–4.5) years. Overall, 35.66% of patients suffered from at least one MACE during follow up. Using a Cox Proportional Hazards regression model analysis, several independent factors were associated with MACE during follow up: CAD duration (p < 0.001), COPD/Asthma (p = 0.021), heart valve disease (p = 0.031), multivessel disease (p = 0.005), insulin treatment (p < 0.001), statins treatment (p < 0.001), and clopidogrel treatment (p = 0.039). Conclusions: Our results showed high rates of MACE in a large real-world series of PCI-revascularized patients with T2D and CAD with no history of MI or stroke. These data represent a potential opportunity to improve the clinical management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients presenting with the coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) may have a high risk of cardiovascular adverse events, including death from cardiovascular causes. The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of these patients are entirely unknown. We aim to perform a registry of patients who have undergone a diagnostic nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and to determine their long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Study and design: This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective registry to be conducted at 17 centers in Spain and Italy (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04359927). Consecutive patients older than 18 years, who underwent a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV2 in the participating institutions, will be included since March 2020, to August 2020. Patients will be classified into two groups, according to the results of the RT-PCR: COVID-19 positive or negative. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular mortality at 1 year. The secondary outcomes will be acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, pulmonary embolism, and serious cardiac arrhythmias, at 1 year. Outcomes will be compared between the two groups. Events will be adjudicated by an independent clinical event committee. Conclusion: The results of this registry will contribute to a better understanding of the long-term cardiovascular implications of the COVID19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyze the incidence rates (IR) and spectrum of vascular events in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain from 2004 to 2015. Serial measurements of different plasma cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed in relation to disease development. Methods: Longitudinal study in a nationwide contemporary multicenter cohort of PLWH. A nested case-control study was performed to evaluate the predictive value of cardiovascular biomarkers. Additive generalized and Cox mixed models were used for the analyses. Results: 9,712 PLWH and 48,341 person-years of follow-up were analysed. During 2004–2015, 147 persons developed 154 vascular events; 80 (54.42%) coronary-related; 65 (44.22%) cerebrovascular-related, and 9 (6.12%) peripheral arterial disease. The 2004–2015 IR (95% confidence interval) of vascular events was 3.17 (2.69–3.71) x1,000 person-years; 1.64 (1.30–2.05) for coronary events; 1.34 (1.03–1.70) for cerebrovascular events; and 0.19 (0.09–0.35) for peripheral arterial disease (p<0.001). IR of vascular events gradually increased from 0.37 (0.12–0.85) x1,000 patient-years in the stratum 25-34-years to 19.65 (6.38–45.85) x1,000 patient-years in the stratum 75-84-years. Compared to the general population, there was a higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in men (sIR ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.16–1.42]), of cerebrovascular events in women (sIR ratio 2.44 [95% CI 1.68–3.19]), and of both types of events specifically among the younger age-strata. CD4 count (hazard ratio 0.80, [95% CI, 0.79–0.81]), age (1.86 [1.47–2.34] for 45–65 years and 3.44 [2.37–4.97] for >65 years) and vascular event (1.81 [1.12–2.94]) were associated with total mortality. Adjusted levels of intercellular-adhesion-molecule (sICAM), pro-b-type-natriuretic-peptide (pro-BNP) and marginally sCD14, were higher among patients who subsequently developed vascular events. Conclusion: Vascular events in PLWH do preferentially occur in the older age-strata, they are associated with increased mortality and, compared to the general population, the excess risk occurs at younger ages. Peripheral arterial disease is unusual. Vascular events are preceded by increased levels of sICAM, pro-BNP and, marginally, sCD14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the chronic low back pain and coronary heart disease relationship, after adjusting for relevant confounders, including genetics. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 2148 twins were recruited from the Murcia Twin Registry, Spain. The exposure was chronic LBP and the outcomes were myocardial infarction and other coronary heart diseases—lifetime and in the last 2 years–based on standardized health-related questionnaires. First, logistic regression analysis investigated associations of the total sample followed by a matched co-twin control analyses, with all complete twin pairs discordant for chronic LBP utilised, separated for zygosity—dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) pairs, which adjusted for shared familial factors, including genetics. Results: Chronic LBP pain is associated with lifetime myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35–5.36], other coronary heart diseases over a lifetime (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.69–3.93) and in the last two years (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.33–3.60), while there was a borderline association with myocardial infarction in the last 2 years (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 0.98–7.12). Although the magnitude of the association remained or increased in the co-twin control analyses, none reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Chronic LBP is associated with a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. It is possible that this association remains even when controlling for genetics and early shared environment, although this should be investigated with larger samples of twins discordant for LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to describe trends in the rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain, 2001–2010. Methods: We selected all patients with a discharge of AMI using national hospital discharge data. Discharges were grouped by diabetes status: type 2 diabetes and no diabetes. In both groups PCIs were identified. The cumulative incidence of discharges attributed to AMI were calculated overall and stratified by diabetes status and year. We calculated length of stay and in-hospital mortality (IHM). Use of PCI was calculated stratified by diabetes status. Multivariate analysis was adjusted by age, sex, year and comorbidity. Results: From 2001 to 2010, 513,517 discharges with AMI were identified (30.3% with type 2 diabetes). The cumulative incidence of discharges due to AMI in diabetics patients increased (56.3 in 2001 to 71 cases per 100,000 in 2004), then decreased to 61.9 in 2010. Diabetic patients had significantly higher IHM (OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.05–1.17). The proportion of diabetic patients that underwent PCI increased from 11.9% in 2001 to 41.6% in 2010. Adjusted incidence of discharge in patients with diabetes who underwent PCI increased significantly (IRR, 3.49; 95%CI, 3.30–3.69). The IHM among diabetics patients who underwent a PCI did not change significantly over time. Conclusions: AMI hospitalization rates increased initially but declining slowly. From 2001 to 2010 the proportion of diabetic patients who undergo a PCI increased almost four-fold. Older age and more comorbidity may explain why IHM did not improve after a PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]