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1. The last battle of Anne of Brittany: Solving mass grave through an interdisciplinary approach (paleopathology, biological anthropology, history, multiple isotopes and radiocarbon dating)

Author: Eric Crubézy, Daniel Pichot, Stéphane Jean, Gaétan Le Cloirec, Klervia Jaouen, Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, Marine Marchal, Norbert Telmon, Rozenn Colleter, Sven Steinbrenner, Sylvie Duchesne, Stefania Milano, Henri Dabernat, Philippe Hamon, Françoise Labaune-Jean, Manuel Trost, Clement P. Bataille, Bondioli, L., Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Tempora ( EA 7468), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), European Research Council European Research Council (ERC) European Commission [ARCHEIS 803676], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation (DFG) [PALEODIET 378496604], National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2019-05709], Max Planck Society Max Planck SocietyFoundation CELLEX, Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université (NU), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jonchère, Laurent, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Composite Particles, Battle, History, Teeth, Burial, Isoscapes, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Geographical locations, law.invention, Isotopes, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Paleopathology, Musculoskeletal System, Historical archaeology, media_common, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, Physics, Biological anthropology, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, Europe, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Ethnology, Medicine, Identification (biology), France, Anatomy, Research Article, Chemical Elements, 010506 paleontology, Atoms, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Combined use, Research and Analysis Methods, European Union, Particle Physics, Chemical Characterization, Skeleton, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope Analysis, Nutrition, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Radiometric Dating, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Diet, Jaw, Anthropology, People and places, Digestive System, Head, Collagens, Sulfur
Abstract: International audience; Mass graves are usually key historical markers with strong incentive for archeological investigations. The identification of individuals buried in mass graves has long benefitted from traditional historical, archaeological, anthropological and paleopathological techniques. The addition of novel methods including genetic, genomic and isotopic geochemistry have renewed interest in solving unidentified mass graves. In this study, we demonstrate that the combined use of these techniques allows the identification of the individuals found in two Breton historical mass graves, where one method alone would not have revealed the importance of this discovery. The skeletons likely belong to soldiers from the two enemy armies who fought during a major event of Breton history: the siege of Rennes in 1491, which ended by the wedding of the Duchess of Brittany with the King of France and signaled the end of the independence of the region. Our study highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches with a particular emphasis on increasingly accurate isotopic markers. The development of the sulfur isoscape and testing of the triple isotope geographic assignment are detailed in a companion paper [13].
Published: 2021

2. The effects of chikungunya virus infection on people living with HIV during the 2014 Martinique outbreak

Author: Lise Cuzin, Sabine Molcard, Fatiha Najioullah, Laurence Fagour, Raymond Césaire, André Cabié, Mathilde Pircher, Sandrine Pierre-François, Lauren Brunier-Agot, Sylvie Abel, Edwin Pitono, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Department of Rheumatology [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Laboratoire de Virologie [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Maladies infectieuses et tropicales dans la Caraïbe (MAITC EA 4537), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Université des Antilles (UA), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, Viral Diseases, Pulmonology, Epidemiology, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, Disease Outbreaks, White Blood Cells, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, Young adult, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Chikungunya Virus, T Cells, virus diseases, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, HIV clinical manifestations, Female, Pathogens, Cellular Types, Martinique, Viral load, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Science, Alphaviruses, Immune Cells, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Immunology, Cytotoxic T cells, Microbiology, Virus, Togaviruses, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Humans, education, Microbial Pathogens, Caribbean, Blood Cells, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Organisms, Outbreak, Chikungunya Infection, Cell Biology, Tropical Diseases, Diagnostic medicine, Respiratory Infections, North America, Chronic Disease, Chikungunya Fever, People and places, business
Abstract: International audience; Our objective was to describe the clinical presentation of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) during the 2014 Martinique outbreak. During the outbreak and the 6 following months, all PLHIV coming in our unit for a medical evaluation answered questions about potential CHIKV related symptoms, and had blood tests to assess the diagnosis. For patients coming in at the acute phase of infection, we are able to provide and analyze CD4+, CD8+ T-cells and HIV viral load evolution before, during and after CHIK infection. Among the 1 003 PLHIV in care in the center at the time of the outbreak, 188 (94 men and 94 women) had confirmed (following the WHO definition) CHIKV infection. Clinical presentation was common in 63% of the cases, severe and atypical forms were scarce. During the acute phase, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (evaluated in 30 PLHIV, 15 men and 15 women) absolute numbers dropped significantly, but returned to pre-CHIKV values after the acute phase. Reassuringly, CD4 and CD8 T cells proportions did not decrease during the acute phase. CHIKV infection had no significant impact on this anti-retroviral treated population.
Published: 2020

3. Repeated exposure to nanosecond high power pulsed microwaves increases cancer incidence in rat

Author: Anthony Lecomte, Caroline Fonta, René de Seze, Christelle Gamez, Emmanuelle Maillot-Marechal, Franck Robidel, Carole Poutriquet, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonta, Caroline, Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1 (PERITOX), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Carcinogenesis, Social Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nervous System, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Sham group, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Psychology, Animal Anatomy, Microwaves, Immune Response, Neurological Tumors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mammals, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, Incidence, Eukaryota, Animal Models, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Experimental Organism Systems, Oncology, Neurology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Anesthesia, Pituitary Gland, Physical Sciences, Vertebrates, Anatomy, Research Article, Science, Immunology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Endocrine System, Research and Analysis Methods, Rodents, Pituitary Tumors, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Signs and Symptoms, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Diagnostic Medicine, Avoidance Learning, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Microwave Radiation, Animals, Radiometry, Cancer prevalence, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Inflammation, Behavior, business.industry, [SPI.ELEC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, Kidneys, Renal System, Neoplasms, Experimental, Nanosecond, Survival Analysis, Rats, Neuroanatomy, Cancer incidence, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Acute exposure, Amniotes, Reflex, Animal Studies, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Microwave, Cell Phone, Neuroscience
Abstract: High-power microwaves are used to inhibit electronics of threatening military or civilian vehicles. This work aims to assess health hazards of high-power microwaves and helps define hazard threshold levels of modulated radiofrequency exposures such as those emitted by the first generations of mobile phones.Rats were exposed to the highest possible field levels, under single acute or repetitive exposures for eight weeks. Intense microwave electric fields at 1 MV/m of nanoseconds duration were applied from two sources at different carrier frequencies of 10 and 3.7 GHz. The repetition rate was 100 pps, and the duration of train pulses lasted from 10 s to twice 8 min. The effects were studied on the central nervous system, by labelling brain inflammation marker GFAP and by performing different behavioural tests: rotarod, T-maze, beam-walking, open-field, and avoidance test. Long-time survival was measured in animals repeatedly exposed, and anatomopathological analysis was performed on animals sacrificed at two years of life or at death if earlier. One group was sham exposed.Few effects were observed on behaviour. With acute exposure, an avoidance reflex was shown at very high, thermal level (22 W/kg); GFAP was increased some days after exposure. Most importantly, with repeated exposures, survival time was 4-month shorter in the exposed group, with eleven animals exhibiting a large sub-cutaneous tumour, compared to two in the sham group. A residual X-ray exposure was also present in the beam (0.8 Gy), which is not a bias for the observed result.High power microwaves below thermal level in average, can increase cancer incidence and decrease survival time in rats, without clear effects on behaviour. The parameters of this effect need to be explored further, and a more precise dosimetry to be performed.
Published: 2020

4. Addressing the role of centromere sites in activation of ParB proteins for partition complex assembly

Author: Nicolas Tanguy-le-Gac, Catherine Turlan, Jean-Yves Bouet, Sylvain Audibert, David Lane, Jérôme Rech, Kerstin Bystricky, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Molecular biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Cell Fusion, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Plasmid, CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, Protein targeting, Replicon, Guide RNA, Materials, Centromeres, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Symporters, Chromosome Biology, Organic Compounds, Chemistry, Escherichia coli Proteins, Monosaccharides, Eukaryota, Cell biology, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Plasmids, Protein Binding, Research Article, DNA, Bacterial, Chromosome Structure and Function, Cell Physiology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Science, Centromere, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Materials Science, Protein domain, Carbohydrates, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA construction, DNA-binding protein, Chromosomes, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Protein Domains, DNA-binding proteins, Escherichia coli, medicine, Dimers, 030304 developmental biology, Binding Sites, Base Sequence, Biology and life sciences, Organic Chemistry, Organisms, Fungi, Chemical Compounds, Proteins, Cell Biology, Polymer Chemistry, Arabinose, Yeast, Research and analysis methods, Molecular biology techniques, Oligomers, Plasmid Construction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, DNA
Abstract: International audience; The ParB-parS partition complexes that bacterial replicons use to ensure their faithful inheritance also find employment in visualization of DNA loci, as less intrusive alternatives to fluorescent repressor-operator systems. The ability of ParB molecules to interact via their Nterminal domains and to bind to non-specific DNA enables expansion of the initial complex to a size both functional in partition and, via fusion to fluorescent peptides, visible by light microscopy. We have investigated whether it is possible to dispense with the need to insert parS in the genomic locus of interest, by determining whether ParB fused to proteins that bind specifically to natural DNA sequences can still assemble visible complexes. In yeast cells, coproduction of fusions of ParB to a fluorescent peptide and to a TALE protein targeting an endogenous sequence did not yield visible foci; nor did any of several variants of these components. In E.coli, coproduction of fusions of SopB (F plasmid ParB) to fluorescent peptide, and to dCas9 together with specific guide RNAs, likewise yielded no foci. The result of coproducing analogous fusions of SopB proteins with distinct binding specificities was also negative. Our observations imply that in order to assemble higher order partition complexes, ParB proteins need specific activation through binding to their cognate parS sites.
Published: 2020

5. The potential antimalarial efficacy of hemocompatible silver nanoparticles from Artemisia species against P. falciparum parasite

Author: Serenella Medici, Alessandra Pinna, Ioannis Tsamesidis, Cristina D’Avino, Antonella Pantaleo, Elisabetta Avitabile, Nina Senes, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Imperial College London
Subjects: Plasmodium, Quantitative Parasitology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Metal Nanoparticles, MESH: Silver / chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Pharmacology, Parasitemia, Silver nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Artemisia/ chemistry, Medical Conditions, MEDIATED SYNTHESIS, MESH: Metal Nanoparticles / ultrastructure, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, Zeta potential, Medicine and Health Sciences, Nanotechnology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum / drug therapy, Artemisinin, Malaria, Falciparum, IN-VIVO, Protozoans, 0303 health sciences, Quinine, Multidisciplinary, PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM, biology, Malarial Parasites, Drugs, Eukaryota, MESH: Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, LEAVES EXTRACT, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Chemistry, MESH: Green Chemistry Technology, Physical Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, GREEN SYNTHESIS, medicine.drug, Research Article, Chemical Elements, Silver, General Science & Technology, MESH: Antimalarials / pharmacology, Science, Plasmodium falciparum, Artemisia annua, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Parasite Groups, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, BIOSYNTHESIS, LEAF EXTRACT, MESH: Antimalarials / chemistry, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, MESH: Silver / pharmacology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Green Chemistry Technology, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Diseases, Parasitic Protozoans, Malaria, chemistry, Artemisia, Artesunate, Nanoparticles, Parasitology, Apicomplexa
Abstract: International audience; Malaria represents one of the most common infectious diseases which becoming an impellent public health problem worldwide. Antimalarial classical medications include quinine-based drugs, like chloroquine, and artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin, a molecule found in the plant Artemisia annua. Such therapeutics are very effective but show heavy side effects like drug resistance. In this study, “green” silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been prepared from two Artemisia species (A. abrotanum and A. arborescens), traditionally used in folk medicine as a remedy for different conditions, and their potential antimalarial efficacy have been assessed. AgNPs have been characterized by UV-Vis, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDX. The structural characterization has demonstrated the spheroidal shape of nanoparticles and dimensions under 50 nm, useful for biomedical studies. Zeta potential analysis have shown the stability and dispersion of green AgNPs in aqueous medium without aggregation. AgNPs hemocompatibility and antimalarial activity have been studied in Plasmodium falciparum cultures in in vitro experiments. The antiplasmodial effect has been assessed using increasing doses of AgNPs (0.6 to 7.5 μg/mL) on parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs). Obtained data showed that the hemocompatibility of AgNPs is related to their synthetic route and depends on the administered dose. A. abrotanum-AgNPs (1) have shown the lowest percentage of hemolytic activity on pRBCs, underlining their hemocompatibility. These results are in accordance with the lower levels of parasitemia observed after A. abrotanum-AgNPs (1) treatment respect to A. arborescens-AgNPs (2), and AgNPs (3) derived from a classical chemical synthesis. Moreover, after 24 and 48 hours of A. abrotanum-AgNPs (1) treatment, the parasite growth was locked in the ring stage, evidencing the effect of these nanoparticles to hinder the maturation of P. falciparum. The anti-malarial activity of A. abrotanum-AgNPs (1) on pRBCs was demonstrated to be higher than that of A. arborescens-AgNPs (2).
Published: 2020

6. Identification and characterization of compounds from Chrysosporium multifidum, a fungus with moderate antimicrobial activity isolated from Hermetia illucens gut microbiota

Author: Cédric Dufloer, Elisa Roncal, Denis Castillo, Michel Sauvain, Billy Cabanillas, Beatriz Bustamante, Patricia Sheen, Edgar Neyra, Valérie Jullian, Yesenia Correa, Daniela Alvarez, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Life Cycles, Hermetia illucens, Microorganism, Staphylococcus, Social Sciences, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Chrysosporium, 5 6 dihydro 4 methoxy 6 (1 oxopentyl) 2h pyran 2 one deriv, Larvae, Anti-Infective Agents, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, DNA extraction, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.08 [http], Fungal Pathogens, Multidisciplinary, biology, Animal Behavior, Antimicrobials, Eukaryota, Drugs, Antimicrobial, Isolation (microbiology), unclassified drug, Bacterial Pathogens, antiinfective agent, Staphylococcus aureus, Medical Microbiology, Larva, Animal Sociality, Medicine, Pathogens, ativeantiinfective agent, 2 pyrone derivative, Research Article, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Science, 030106 microbiology, Fungus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Extraction techniques, Microbial Control, medicine, Animals, piperazinedione, Microbial Pathogens, Pharmacology, Behavior, Bacteria, 010405 organic chemistry, Diptera, Fungi, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, fungal extract, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Research and analysis methods, Zoology, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The gut microbiota of insects is composed of a wide range of microorganisms which produce bioactive compounds that protect their host from pathogenic attack. In the present study, we isolate and identify the fungus Chrysosporium multifidum from the gut of Hermetia illucens larvae. Extract from C. multifidum culture broth supernatant showed moderate activity against a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bioguided isolation of the extract resulted in the characterization of six α-pyrone derivatives (1-6) and one diketopiperazine (7). Of these compounds, 5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-6-(1-oxopentyl)-2Hpyran- 2-one (4) showed the greatest activity (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL and MIC = 62.5 μg/ mL) against MRSA. © 2019 Correa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Published: 2019

7. From genomic to LC-MS/MS evidence

Author: Sayeh Guemouri, Sem Ezinmegnon, Romain Coppée, François Guillonneau, Claire Kamaliddin, Céline Peirera, Jade Royo, Philippe Deloron, Cédric Broussard, Stéphanie Huguet, Agnès Aubouy, Jules Alao, Emilie Guillochon, David Rombaut, Gino Agbota, Gwladys Bertin, Bertin, Gwladys I., Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Plateforme protéomique 3P5 [Institut Cochin] (3P5), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inovarion, Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et l’Enfance [Cotonou, Bénin] (CERPAGE), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Mère et de l'Enfant Lagune (CHU-MEL), Merieux Research Grant, MTCI Doctoral School (Paris Descartes University) [ED 563], European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)European Union (EU), Canceropo Ile-de-France, Merieux Research, Inovarion (Paris, France), ANR-11-LABX-0051,GR-Ex,Biogenèse et pathologies du globule rouge(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), ANR-17-CE17-0001,NEUROCM,Identification des facteurs parasitaires et de l'hôte à l'origine de la neuroinflammation et de sa résolution dans un contexte de neuropaludisme(2017), ANR-10-LABX-0040,SPS,Saclay Plant Sciences(2010), Université de Paris (UP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre pour la Recherche et l'Etude du paludisme associé à la grossesse et à l'enfance, Partenaires INRAE, and Univ Paris, 3p5 Prote Facil, Paris, France
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Plasmodium, family, Proteome, Molecular biology, receptor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Protozoan Proteins, algorithm, expression, Ajoutez un mot-clén, identification, domain, epcr-binding, binding pfemp1, sequence diversity, erythrocyte-membrane protein-1, Database and Informatics Methods, Sequencing techniques, Animal Cells, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Red Blood Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Benin, Malaria, Falciparum, reproductive and urinary physiology, Proteogenomics, Protozoans, Multidisciplinary, Malarial Parasites, Eukaryota, RNA sequencing, Genomics, 3. Good health, Cerebral Malaria, embryonic structures, Medicine, DECIPHER, Cellular Types, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Bioinformatics, Science, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium falciparum, Sequence Databases, Computational biology, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Parasite Groups, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Humans, Whole genome sequencing, Blood Cells, Organisms, RNA, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Parasitic Protozoans, Malaria, 030104 developmental biology, Biological Databases, Molecular biology techniques, Parasitology, Peptides, Apicomplexa, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: International audience; Background PfEMP1 is the major protein from parasitic origin involved in the pathophysiology of severe malaria, and PfEMP1 domain subtypes are associated with the infection outcome. In addition, PfEMP1 variability is endless and current publicly available protein repositories do not reflect the high diversity of the sequences of PfEMP1 proteins. The identification of PfEMP1 protein sequences expressed with samples remains challenging. The aim of our study is to identify the different PfEMP1 proteins variants expressed within patient samples, and therefore identify PfEMP1 proteins domains expressed by patients presenting uncomplicated malaria or severe malaria in malaria endemic setting in Cotonou, Benin. Methods We performed a multi-omic approach to decipher PfEMP1 expression at the patient's level in different clinical settings. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing approach and RNA sequencing, we were able to identify new PfEMP1 sequences and created a new custom protein database. This database was used for protein identification in mass spectrometry analysis. Results The differential expression analysis of RNAsequencing data shows an increased expression of the var domains transcripts DBL alpha 1.7, DBL alpha 1.1, DBL alpha 2 and DBL beta 12 in samples from patients suffering from Cerebral Malaria compared to Uncomplicated Malaria. Our approach allowed us to attribute PfEMP1 sequences to each sample and identify new peptides associated to PfEMP1 proteins in mass spectrometry. Conclusion We highlighted the diversity of the PfEMP1 sequences from field sample compared to reference sequences repositories and confirmed the validity of our approach. These findings should contribute to further vaccine development strategies based on PfEMP1 proteins.
Published: 2019

8. Educational and health outcomes associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 15-year-olds born preterm

Author: Catherine Arnaud, Christophe Delacourt, Marie Mittaine, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Didier Pinquier, Marie Vestraete, Laure Couderc, Stéphane Marret, Alice Hadchouel, David Drummond, Adèle Bellino, Héloïse Torchin, Jean-Christophe Rozé, Jessica Rousseau, Paediatric Pulmonology, Ghent University Hospital, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Hopital port Royal, Partenaires INRAE, Université de Nantes (UN), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan (CHU Purpan), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE) (USPC), AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], ProdInra, Migration, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Drummond, David
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, European People, Social Sciences, Logistic regression, Adolescents, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vascular Medicine, Cohort Studies, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Ethnicities, 030212 general & internal medicine, French People, Children, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Academic Success, Schools, Organic Compounds, maternity, Chemistry, ventilatory, Cohort, Physical Sciences, Premature Birth, Medicine, Female, Steroids, France, Cohort study, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Dysplasia, Adolescent, Pédiatrie, Science, xygen, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Special needs, Hemorrhage, behavioral disciplines and activities, Education, neonatal, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, 030225 pediatrics, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Full Term, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Infant, Newborn, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Neonates, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Age Groups, People and Places, Human health and pathology, Population Groupings, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Developmental Biology
Abstract: IntroductionTo evaluate the consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on academic outcomes and healthcare use in adolescents born very preterm.MethodsThis cohort study included 15-year-old adolescents born very preterm (< 32 weeks) between 2011 and 2013, with and without BPD, and controls born full term. Data regarding academic performance, current medical follow-up, and family characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to quantify relationships between academic outcomes and BPD.ResultsFrom the 1341 children included in the initial cohort, 985 adolescents were eligible and 351 included (55 preterms with a history of BPD, 249 without, and 47 controls). Among adolescents born very preterm, a history of BPD was associated with a higher risk to attend a school for children with special needs (p < 0.05) and to have repeated a grade (p = 0.01). It was also associated with an increased number of medical and paramedical consultations. A history of BPD was not associated with the parents' employment status, family structure, or the presence of younger siblings.ConclusionThis study highlights that a history of BPD is associated with poorer academic outcomes and high healthcare use in adolescence.
Published: 2019

9. Occurrence and stability of hetero-hexamer associations formed by β-carboxysome CcmK shell components

Author: Eric Lesniewska, Gilles Truan, Lionel Mourey, Renato Zenobi, Nathalie Aubry, Luis F. Garcia-Alles, Laurent Maveyraud, Katharina Root, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences [ETH Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences [ETH Zürich] (D-CHAB), Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 200020_159929), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Models, Molecular, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plasma protein binding, Random hexamer, Crystallography, X-Ray, Protein Engineering, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Electricity, Nucleic Acids, Chemical Precipitation, Macromolecular Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Crystallography, Protein Stability, Chemistry, Physics, Monomers, Chemical Reactions, Synechocystis, Condensed Matter Physics, Stoichiometry, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Carboxysome, Synechocystis sp, Physical Sciences, Crystal Structure, Engineering and Technology, Thermodynamics, Medicine, Synthetic Biology, Crystallization, Research Article, Protein Binding, Gene Organization, Sequence analysis, Protein subunit, Science, Shell (structure), Context (language use), Bioengineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Electrostatics, Genetics, Escherichia coli, medicine, Solid State Physics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Operons, 030304 developmental biology, Binding Sites, 030306 microbiology, Biology and Life Sciences, Protein engineering, DNA, Polymer Chemistry, Synthetic Bioengineering, Multiprotein Complexes, Signal Processing, Biophysics, Protein Multimerization, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The carboxysome is a bacterial micro-compartment (BMC) subtype that encapsulates enzymatic activities necessary for carbon fixation. Carboxysome shells are composed of a relatively complex cocktail of proteins, their precise number and identity being species dependent. Shell components can be classified in two structural families, the most abundant class associating as hexamers (BMC-H) that are supposed to be major players for regulating shell permeability. Up to recently, these proteins were proposed to associate as homo-oligomers. Genomic data, however, demonstrated the existence of paralogs coding for multiple shell subunits. Here, we studied cross-association compatibilities among BMC-H CcmK proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Co-expression in Escherichia coli proved a consistent formation of hetero-hexamers combining CcmK1 and CcmK2 or, remarkably, CcmK3 and CcmK4 subunits. Unlike CcmK1/K2 hetero-hexamers, the stoichiometry of incorporation of CcmK3 in associations with CcmK4 was low. Cross-interactions implicating other combinations were weak, highlighting a structural segregation of the two groups that could relate to gene organization. Sequence analysis and structural models permitted the localization of interactions that would favor formation of CcmK3/K4 hetero-hexamers. The crystallization of these CcmK3/K4 associations conducted to the elucidation of a structure corresponding to the CcmK4 homo-hexamer. Yet, subunit exchange could not be demonstrated in vitro. Biophysical measurements showed that hetero-hexamers are thermally less stable than homo-hexamers, and impeded in forming larger assemblies. These novel findings are discussed within the context of reported data to propose a functional scenario in which minor CcmK3/K4 incorporation in shells would introduce sufficient local disorder as to allow shell remodeling necessary to adapt rapidly to environmental changes., PLoS ONE, 14 (10), ISSN:1932-6203
Published: 2019

10. Evolutionarily conserved susceptibility of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to SDHI pesticides and its consequence on the impact of SDHIs on human cultured cells

Author: Pierre Rustin, Agathe Kahn, Judith Favier, Paule Bénit, Pierre Gressens, D Chretien, Sylvie Bortoli, Anne Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, Laurence Huc, Malgorzata Rak, Manuel Schiff, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires (NeuroDiderot (UMR_S_1141 / U1141)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Contaminants & Stress Cellulaire (ToxAlim-COMICS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Service de neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de génétique [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), No specific funding was initially provided for this work. After the work realization, PB and PR received a specific support grant from the French Association POLLINIS (https://www.pollinis.org/). General expenses were covered by grants from AAJI (Association pour l’Aide aux Jeunes Infirmes & aux Personnes Handicapées), AFAF (Association Française de l’Ataxie de Friedreich), Association OLY (Ouvrir Les Yeux), ANR MITOXDRUGS (ANR-16-CE18-0010)., ANR-16-CE18-0010,MITOXDRUGS,Toxicité mitochondriale des médicaments et stéatose hépatique. Généralisation de la relation causale pour le développement de nouveaux tests prédictifs.(2016), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Rustin, Pierre, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Bodescot, Myriam, and Toxicité mitochondriale des médicaments et stéatose hépatique. Généralisation de la relation causale pour le développement de nouveaux tests prédictifs. - - MITOXDRUGS2016 - ANR-16-CE18-0010 - AAPG2016 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Glutamine, Respiratory chain, Mitochondrion, Toxicology, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Glycolysis, Annelids, Amino Acids, [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Energy-Producing Organelles, Cells, Cultured, Connective Tissue Cells, Multidisciplinary, biology, Organic Compounds, Succinate dehydrogenase, Monosaccharides, Acidic Amino Acids, Quinones, Eukaryota, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bees, Mitochondria, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Insects, Succinate Dehydrogenase, Chemistry, Mitochondrial respiratory chain, [SDV.TOX.TVM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Vegetal toxicology and mycotoxicology, Connective Tissue, Physical Sciences, Mitochondrial Membranes, Medicine, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Honey Bees, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Arthropoda, Bioinformatics, Science, Carbohydrates, Médecine humaine et pathologie, [SDV.TOX.TVM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Vegetal toxicology and mycotoxicology, Oxidative phosphorylation, Bioenergetics, Research and Analysis Methods, Electron Transport, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Animals, Earthworms, Humans, Oligochaeta, Pesticides, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Toxicologie, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, Invertebrates, Hymenoptera, Biological Tissue, Glucose, 030104 developmental biology, Cell culture, biology.protein, Human health and pathology, Sequence Alignment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors (SDHIs) are used worldwide to limit the proliferation of molds on plants and plant products. However, as SDH, also known as respiratory chain (RC) complex II, is a universal component of mitochondria from living organisms, highly conserved through evolution, the specificity of these inhibitors toward fungi warrants investigation. We first establish that the human, honeybee, earthworm and fungal SDHs are all sensitive to the eight SDHIs tested, albeit with varying IC50 values, generally in the micromolar range. In addition to SDH, we observed that five of the SDHIs, mostly from the latest generation, inhibit the activity of RC complex III. Finally, we show that the provision of glucose ad libitum in the cell culture medium, while simultaneously providing sufficient ATP and reducing power for antioxidant enzymes through glycolysis, allows the growth of RC-deficient cells, fully masking the deleterious effect of SDHIs. As a result, when glutamine is the major carbon source, the presence of SDHIs leads to time-dependent cell death. This process is significantly accelerated in fibroblasts derived from patients with neurological or neurodegenerative diseases due to RC impairment (encephalopathy originating from a partial SDH defect) and/or hypersensitivity to oxidative insults (Friedreich ataxia, familial Alzheimer's disease).
Published: 2019

11. In-silico pre-clinical trials are made possible by a new simple and comprehensive lumbar belt mechanical model based on the Law of Laplace including support deformation and adhesion effects

Author: Reynald Convert, Paul Calmels, Jérôme Molimard, Woo Suck Han, Rébecca Bonnaire, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Thuasne, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, Bending, Physiology, 02 engineering and technology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Stiffness, Abdomen, Medicine and Health Sciences, Musculoskeletal System, Body mass index, Lumbar Vertebrae, Multidisciplinary, Deformation (mechanics), Physics, Classical Mechanics, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Structural engineering, Middle Aged, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Deformation, 3. Good health, Physiological Parameters, Physical Sciences, Lordosis, Bending moment, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Geology, Research Article, Adult, Body shape, Science, Materials Science, Material Properties, 0206 medical engineering, Pain, Geometry, Curvature, Models, Biological, Signs and Symptoms, Lumbar, Diagnostic Medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Mechanical Properties, Lower back pain, Damage Mechanics, business.industry, Body Weight, Lumbosacral Region, technology, industry, and agriculture, Biology and Life Sciences, equipment and supplies, 020601 biomedical engineering, Trunk, Spine, business, Low Back Pain, human activities, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Lower back pain is a major public health problem. Despite claims that lumbar belts change spinal posture due to applied pressure on the trunk, no mechanical model has yet been published to prove this treatment. This paper describes a first model for belt design, based on the one hand on the mechanical properties of the fabrics and the belt geometry, and on the other hand on the trunk geometrical and mechanical description. The model provides the estimation of the pressure applied to the trunk, and a unique indicator of the belt mechanical efficiency is proposed: pressure is integrated into a bending moment characterizing the belt delordosing action on the spine. A first in-silico clinical study of belt efficiency for 15 patients with 2 different belts was conducted. Results are very dependent on the body shape: in the case of high BMI patients, the belt effect is significantly decreased, and can be even inverted, increasing the lordosis. The belt stiffness proportionally increases the pressure applied to the trunk, but the influence of the design itself on the bending moment is clearly outlined. Moreover, the belt/trunk interaction, modeled as sticking contact and the specific way patients lock their belts, dramatically modifies the belt action. Finally, even if further developments and tests are still necessary, the model presented in this paper seems suitable for in-silico pre-clinical trials on real body shapes at a design stage.
Published: 2019

12. Graph literacy matters: Examining the association between graph literacy, health literacy, and numeracy in a Medicaid eligible population

Author: James O'Malley, Glyn Elwyn, Marie-Anne Durand, Renata W. Yen, Julien Mancini, Dartmouth College [Hanover], Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, 'Cancer, Biomedicine & Society' group (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - AMU - UMR 259 IRD), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dupuis, Christine, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Social Sciences, Academic Skills, Surveys, Infographics, Geographical locations, Literacy, Developmental psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Data Management, media_common, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, 4. Education, 030503 health policy & services, Middle Aged, Charts, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Health Education and Awareness, Oncology, Research Design, Medicine, Graph (abstract data type), 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, Computer and Information Sciences, Adolescent, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Health literacy, Research and Analysis Methods, Education, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Numeracy, Humans, education, Socioeconomic status, Educational Attainment, Aged, Survey Research, Medicaid, Data Visualization, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, United States, Educational attainment, Health Care, Comprehension, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, North America, Cognitive Science, People and places, Neuroscience
Abstract: ObjectivesGraphic display formats are often used to enhance health information. Yet limited attention has been paid to graph literacy in people of lower education and lower socioeconomic status (SES). This study aimed to: 1) examine the relationship between graph literacy, numeracy, health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics in a Medicaid-eligible population 2) determine the impact of graph literacy on comprehension and preference for different visual formats.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey among people in the US on Medicaid, and of presumed lower education and SES.ResultsThe mean graph literacy score among 436 participants was 1.47 (SD 1.05, range: 0 to 4). Only graph literacy was significantly associated with overall comprehension (p < .001). Mean comprehension scores were highest for the table format (1.91), closely followed by bar graph (1.85) and icon array (1.80). Information comprehension was aligned with preference scores.ConclusionsGraph literacy in a Medicaid-eligible population was lower than previous estimates in the US. Tables were better understood, with icon arrays yielding the lowest score. Preferences aligned with comprehension.Practice implicationsIt may be necessary to reconsider the use of graphic display formats when designing information for people with lower educational levels. Further research is needed.
Published: 2020

13. Phytohormone production by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis

Author: Virginie Puech Pagès, Simon Pons, Soizic Rochange, Guillaume Bécard, Sylvie Fournier, Christian Chervin, Nicolas Frei dit Frey, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metatoul - Agromix, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits (GBF), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, French ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation., ANR-18-CE20-0001,Mycormones,Production, perception et transport de phytohormones par les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules(2018), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Rhizophagus irregularis, Cytokinins, Plant Science, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Methionine, Plant Growth Regulators, Cell Signaling, Fungal Reproduction, Mycorrhizae, Membrane Receptor Signaling, Plant Hormones, Amino Acids, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, Plant Biochemistry, Organic Compounds, Eukaryota, food and beverages, Spores, Fungal, Hormone Receptor Signaling, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Gibberellin, Plant hormone, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Chromatography, Gas, Hypha, Science, Mycology, Fungus, Ethylene, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Auxin, Botany, Sulfur Containing Amino Acids, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Fungal Spores, Indoleacetic Acids, Organic Chemistry, fungi, Fungi, Chemical Compounds, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, Ethylenes, biology.organism_classification, Gibberellins, Hormones, Spore, Species Interactions, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between most land plants and fungi of the glomeromycotina subphylum. The initiation, development and regulation of this symbiosis involve numerous signalling events between and within the symbiotic partners. Among other signals, phytohormones are known to play important roles at various stages of the interaction. During presymbiotic steps, plant roots exude strigolactones which stimulate fungal spore germination and hyphal branching, and promote the initiation of symbiosis. At later stages, different plant hormone classes can act as positive or negative regulators of the interaction. Although the fungus is known to reciprocally emit regulatory signals, its potential contribution to the phytohormonal pool has received little attention, and has so far only been addressed by indirect assays. In this study, using mass spectrometry, we analyzed phytohormones released into the medium by germinated spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. We detected the presence of a cytokinin (iso-pentenyl adenosine) and an auxin (indole-acetic acid). In addition, we identified a gibberellin (gibberellin A 4) in spore extracts. We also used gas chromatography to show that R. irregu-laris produces ethylene from methionine and the α-keto γ-methylthio butyric acid pathway. These results highlight the possibility for AM fungi to use phytohormones to interact with their host plants, or to regulate their own development.
Published: 2020

14. Correction: A combinatorial analysis using observational data identifies species that govern ecosystem functioning

Author: Benoît Jaillard, Michel Loreau, Philippe Deleporte, Cyrille Violle, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fonctionnement et évolution des systèmes écologiques (FESE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Ecological Metrics, Computer science, Biomass (Ecology), Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Sample (statistics), computer.software_genre, Ecosystems, Combinatorial analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Human Learning, 0302 clinical medicine, Microbial Ecosystems, Learning and Memory, Learning, Psychology, Ecosystem, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, technology, industry, and agriculture, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, Field (geography), Species Interactions, Section (archaeology), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cognitive Science, Observational study, lcsh:Q, Artificial intelligence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Natural language processing, Ecosystem Functioning, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has so far resulted from two main approaches: the analysis of species' functional traits, and the analysis of species interaction networks. Here we propose a third approach, based on the association between combinations of species or of functional groups, which we term assembly motifs, and observed ecosystem functioning. Each assembly motif describes a biotic environment in which species interactions have particular effects on a given ecosystem function. Clustering species in functional groups generates a classification of ecosystems based on their assembly motif. We evaluate the quality of each species clustering, that is its ability to predict an ecosystem function, by the coefficient of determination of the ecosystem classification. An iterative process then enables identifying the species clustering in functional groups that best accounts for the functioning of the observed ecosystems. We test this approach using experimental and simulated datasets. We show that our combinatorial analysis makes it possible to identify the combinations of functional groups of species whose interactions govern ecosystem functioning without any a priori knowledge of the species themselves or their interactions. Our combinatorial approach reproduces the associative learning of empirical ecologists, and proves to be powerful and parsimonious.
Published: 2018

15. Kinetics of mean platelet volume predicts mortality in patients with septic shock

Author: Fanny Vardon-Bounes, Bernard Georges, Stéphanie Ruiz, Vincent Minville, Thierry Seguin, Cédric Garcia, Bernard Payrastre, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Jean-Marie Conil, Samuel Groyer, Service d'Anesthésie - Réanimation, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Production et fonctions plaquettaires, signalisation et phosphoinositides (Equipe 11), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hématologie - IFB [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Bodescot, Myriam, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Hematology laboratory [Toulouse]
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.HEM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, law.invention, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animal Cells, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary, Statistics, Hazard ratio, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Hematology, Middle Aged, Shock, Septic, Intensive care unit, Hospitals, Body Fluids, 3. Good health, Intensive Care Units, Chemistry, Blood, Shock (circulatory), Physical Sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Cardiology, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, Cellular Types, medicine.symptom, Mean Platelet Volume, Research Article, Blood Platelets, Platelets, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Sepsis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Lactic Acid, Statistical Methods, Mean platelet volume, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Blood Cells, Platelet Count, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Septic shock, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Retrospective cohort study, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Thrombocytopenia, Confidence interval, Health Care, Blood Counts, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, ROC Curve, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Care Facilities, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Acids, Biomarkers, Mathematics
Abstract: IntroductionThrombocytopenia is well recognized as a poor prognosis sign associated with increased mortality and prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, particularly in septic patients. Mean platelet volume (MPV) could represent a relevant predictive marker of mortality. Here we investigated whether MPV kinetics during the first 15 days after hospital admission has a potential prognostic value for clinical outcome in septic shock.MethodsWe performed a retrospectively analysis of a cohort of 301 septic patients admitted in ICU. Three-month mortality was the primary endpoint. The prognostic value of the covariates of interest was ascertained by multidimensional analysis. We proposed a classification and regression trees analysis to predict survival probability.ResultsMPV kinetics was significantly different between 90-day survivors and non-survivors when followed during 15 days (except on day 3). 10-day MPV >11.6fL was an independent predictive factor of 90-day mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.796, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.96-7.35], p = 0.0001) in multivariate analysis. Base excess on day 4 ConclusionMPV increase during the first 15 days after ICU admission in non-survivors was observed during septic shock and 10-day MPV >11.6fL was an independent predictive factor of 90-day mortality. This could be explained by the emergent response to acute platelet loss during septic shock, leading to megakaryocyte rupture to produce new but potentially immature platelets in the circulation. Therefore, continuous monitoring of MPV may be a useful parameter to stratify mortality risk in septic shock.
Published: 2019

16. Metabolome disruption of pregnant rats and their offspring resulting from repeated exposure to a pesticide mixture representative of environmental contamination in Brittany

Author: Bonvallot, Nathalie, Canlet, Cécile, Blas-Y-Estrada, Florence, Gautier, Roselyne, Tremblay-Franco, Marie, Chevolleau, Sylvie, Cordier, Sylvaine, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EHESP-School of Public Health, French Ministry of Environment in the national program Grenelle de l'Environnement Programme [LOLF 189], Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plateforme Ezop (Ezop), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), MetaToul AXIOM (E20), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Jonchère, Laurent, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaToul-MetaboHUB
Subjects: Physiology, Glutamine, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, lcsh:Medicine, Spectrum analysis techniques, Biochemistry, Neonicotinoids, Glucose Metabolism, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pesticide mixture, Amino Acids, lcsh:Science, Organic Compounds, Fatty Acids, Acidic Amino Acids, Agriculture, Neurochemistry, Neurotransmitters, Pregnant rats, Nitro Compounds, Lipids, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Metabolome, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Female, France, Glutamate, Agrochemicals, Research Article, Chlormequat, Toluidines, Morpholines, Glycine, Repeated exposure, Carbofuran, NMR spectroscopy, Organophosphorus Compounds, Brittany, Nitriles, Animals, Humans, Metabolomics, Pesticides, lcsh:R, Organic Chemistry, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Environmental Exposure, Lipid Metabolism, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Rats, Research and analysis methods, Disease Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress, Metabolism, Animals, Newborn, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pest Control, Energy Metabolism, Physiological Processes, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; The use of pesticides exposes humans to numerous harmful molecules. Exposure in early-life may be responsible for adverse effects in later life. This study aimed to assess the metabolic modifications induced in pregnant rats and their offspring by a pesticide mixture representative of human exposure. Ten pregnant rats were exposed to a mixture of eight pesticides: acetochlor (246 μg/kg bw/d) + bromoxynil (12 μg/kg bw/d) + carbofuran (22.5 μg/kg bw/d) + chlormequat (35 μg/kg bw/d) + ethephon (22.5 μg/kg bw/d) + fenpropimorph (15.5 μg/kg bw/d) + glyphosate (12 μg/kg bw/d) + imidacloprid (12.5 μg/kg bw/d) representing the main environmental pesticide exposure in Brittany (France) in 2004. Another group of 10 pregnant rats served as controls. Females were fed ad libitum from early pregnancy, which is from gestational day (GD) 4 to GD 21. Urine samples were collected at GD 15. At the end of the exposure, mothers and pups were euthanized and blood, liver, and brain samples collected. 1H NMR-based metabolomics and GC-FID analyses were performed and PCA and PLS-DA used to discriminate between control and exposed groups. Metabolites for which the levels were significantly modified were then identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and p-values were adjusted for multiple testing correction using the False Discovery Rate. The metabolomics analysis revealed many differences between dams of the two groups, especially in the plasma, liver and brain. The modified metabolites are involved in TCA cycle, energy production and storage, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and amino-acid metabolism. These modifications suggest that the pesticide mixture may induce oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism. These observations may reflect liver dysfunction with increased relative liver weight and total lipid content. Similar findings were observed for glucose and energy metabolism in the liver of the offspring, and oxidative stress was also suggested in the brains of male offspring.
Published: 2018

17. Magnetic resonance imaging does not reveal structural alterations in the brain of grapheme-color synesthetes

Author: Dojat, Michel, Pizzagalli, Fabrizio, Hupé, Jean-Michel, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Adult, Male, Imaging Techniques, Permutation, Brain Morphometry, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Datasets as Topic, Neuroimaging, Research and Analysis Methods, Nervous System, Diagnostic Radiology, Perceptual Disorders, Diagnostic Medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Humans, lcsh:Science, Brain Mapping, Discrete Mathematics, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Radiology and Imaging, Morphometry, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Combinatorics, Physical Sciences, lcsh:Q, Sensory Perception, Female, Anatomy, Voxel-Based Morphometry, Synesthesia, Mathematics, Color Perception, Photic Stimulation, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: Several publications have reported structural changes in the brain of synesthetes compared to controls, either local differences or differences in connectivity. In the present study, we pursued this quest for structural brain differences that might support the subjective experience of synesthesia. In particular, for the first time in this field, we investigated brain folding in comparing 45 sulcal shapes in each hemisphere of control and grapheme-color synesthete populations. To overcome flaws relative to data interpretation based only on p-values, common in the synesthesia literature, we report confidence intervals of effect sizes. Moreover, our statistical maps are displayed without introducing the classical, but misleading, p-value level threshold. We adopt such a methodological procedure to facilitate appropriate data interpretation and promote the "New Statistics" approach. Based on structural or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data, we did not find any strong cerebral anomaly, in sulci, tissue volume, tissue density or fiber organization that could support synesthetic color experience. Finally, by sharing our complete datasets, we strongly support the multi-center construction of a sufficient large dataset repository for detecting, if any, subtle brain differences that may help understanding how a subjective experience, such as synesthesia, is mentally constructed.
Published: 2018

18. A combinatorial analysis using observational data identifies species that govern ecosystem functioning

Author: Jaillard, Benoît, Deleporte, Philippe, Loreau, Michel, Violle, Cyrille, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), project ENIGME (ENgineerInG interactions in Methanogenic communities at the Ecosystem level) (INRA), TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41), French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB, European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant Project 'Ecophysiological and biophysical constraints on domestication in crop plants' (Grant ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 221060,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-4-1-IOF,DIVERSITRAITS(2009), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Biodiversité et Ecologie, lcsh:Medicine, fonctionnement des écosystèmes, Models, Biological, Ecosystems, analyse combinatoire, classification hierarchique, biodiversité, Biodiversity and Ecology, Species delimitation, Cluster Analysis, Computer Simulation, Species interactions, Biomass, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, Species diversity, convergence, Microbial ecosystems, lcsh:R, technology, industry, and agriculture, Biodiversity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem functioning, lcsh:Q, groupe fonctionnel, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Algorithms
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has so far resulted from two main approaches: the analysis of species' functional traits, and the analysis of species interaction networks. Here we propose a third approach, based on the association between combinations of species or of functional groups, which we term assembly motifs, and observed ecosystem functioning. Each assembly motif describes a biotic environment in which species interactions have particular effects on a given ecosystem function. Clustering species in functional groups generates a classification of ecosystems based on their assembly motif. We evaluate the quality of each species clustering, that is its ability to predict an ecosystem function, by the coefficient of determination of the ecosystem classification. An iterative process then enables identifying the species clustering in functional groups that best accounts for the functioning of the observed ecosystems. We test this approach using experimental and simulated datasets. We show that our combinatorial analysis makes it possible to identify the combinations of functional groups of species whose interactions govern ecosystem functioning without any a priori knowledge of the species themselves or their interactions. Our combinatorial approach reproduces the associative learning of empirical ecologists, and proves to be powerful and parsimonious.
Published: 2018

19. Multiscale modelling of blood flow in cerebral microcirculation: Details at capillary scale control accuracy at the level of the cortex

Author: Peyrounette, Myriam, Davit, Yohan, Quintard, Michel, Lorthois, Sylvie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Cornell University (USA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Physiology, Mécanique des fluides, Vascular Permeability, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Pressure, Computational fluid dynamics, Cardiovascular Physiology, Vascular Medicine, Physical Chemistry, Coupling, Materials Physics, Blood Flow, Medicine and Health Sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Flow Rate, Cerebral Cortex, Viscosity, Physics, Classical Mechanics, Blood flow, Body Fluids, Chemistry, Blood, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Physical Sciences, Blood Circulation, Anatomy, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, Neural Networks, Materials Science, Fluid Mechanics, Continuum Mechanics, Models, Biological, Pore network, Humans, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Well model, Homogenization, Microcirculation, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Volume averaging, Brain microcirculation, Capillaries, Chemical Properties, Cardiovascular Anatomy, Blood Vessels, lcsh:Q, Neuroscience, Venular and arterial trees
Abstract: Aging or cerebral diseases may induce architectural modifications in human brain microvascular networks, such as capillary rarefaction. Such modifications limit blood and oxygen supply to the cortex, possibly resulting in energy failure and neuronal death. Modelling is key in understanding how these architectural modifications affect blood flow and mass transfers in such complex networks. However, the huge number of vessels in the human brain-tens of billions-prevents any modelling approach with an explicit architectural representation down to the scale of the capillaries. Here, we introduce a hybrid approach to model blood flow at larger scale in the brain microcirculation, based on its multiscale architecture. The capillary bed, which is a space-filling network, is treated as a porous medium and modelled using a homogenized continuum approach. The larger arteriolar and venular trees, which cannot be homogenized because of their fractal-like nature, are treated as a network of interconnected tubes with a detailed representation of their spatial organization. The main contribution of this work is to devise a proper coupling model at the interface between these two components. This model is based on analytical approximations of the pressure field that capture the strong pressure gradients building up in the capillaries connected to arterioles or venules. We evaluate the accuracy of this model for both very simple architectures with one arteriole and/or one venule and for more complex ones, with anatomically realistic tree-like vessels displaying a large number of coupling sites. We show that the hybrid model is very accurate in describing blood flow at large scales and further yields a significant computational gain by comparison with a classical network approach. It is therefore an important step towards large scale simulations of cerebral blood flow and lays the groundwork for introducing additional levels of complexity in the future.
Published: 2018

20. Effects of low temperature plasmas and plasma activated waters on Arabidopsis thaliana germination and growth

Author: Maxime Bafoil, Achraf Mohamed Jemmat, O. Eichwald, Christophe Dunand, Yves Martinez, Nofel Merbahi, Mohammed Yousfi, Plasmas Réactifs Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-PRHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme TRI FR-AIB, Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, and THIEBAUD, Sara
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fruit and Seed Anatomy, Plasma Gases, Arabidopsis thaliana, MESH: Cold Temperature, Analytical chemistry, Arabidopsis, lcsh:Medicine, Dielectric barrier discharge, Plant Science, Plant Reproduction, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Biochemistry, Helium, MESH: Peroxidases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oxidative Damage, Nitrate, MESH: Arabidopsis, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:Science, 010302 applied physics, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Physics, Plant Anatomy, Eukaryota, MESH: Reactive Oxygen Species, Plants, Enzymes, Cold Temperature, Experimental Organism Systems, Peroxidases, Germination, Plant Physiology, Physical Sciences, Seeds, Research Article, Chemical Elements, States of Matter, Membrane permeability, Reactive nitrogen, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, chemistry.chemical_element, Brassica, MESH: Arabidopsis Proteins, MESH: Germination, Research and Analysis Methods, Model Organisms, Tap water, Plant and Algal Models, 0103 physical sciences, MESH: Water, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Plasma Gases, Arabidopsis Proteins, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Water, Plasma, Seed germination, Endosperm, MESH: Seeds, Plasmas, Enzymology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, lcsh:Q, Reactive Oxygen Species, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Two plasma devices at atmospheric pressure (air dielectric barrier discharge and helium plasma jet) have been used to study the early germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds during the first days. Then, plasma activated waters are used during the later stage of plant development and growth until 42 days. The effects on both testa and endospserm ruptures during the germination stage are significant in the case of air plasma due to its higher energy and efficiency of producing reactive oxygen species than the case of helium plasma. The latter has shown distinct effects only for testa rupture. Analysis of germination stimulations are based on specific stainings for reactive oxygen species production, peroxidase activity and also membrane permeability tests. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown a smoother seed surface for air plasma treated seeds that can explain the plasma induced-germination. During the growth stage, plants were watered using 4 kinds of water (tap and deionized waters activated or not by the low temperature plasma jet). With regards to other water kinds, the characterization of the tap water has shown a larger conductivity, acidity and concentration of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Only the tap water activated by the plasma jet has shown a significant effect on the plant growth. This effect could be correlated to reactive nitrogen species such as nitrite/nitrate species present in plasma activated tap water.
Published: 2018

21. Factors associated with non-AIDS-defining cancers and non HCV-liver related cancers in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients- ANRS-CO13 HEPAVIH cohort

Author: Patrick Miailhes, Mathieu Chalouni, Eric Rosenthal, Hugues Aumaitre, Estibaliz Lazaro, Daniel Garipuy, François Raffi, Daniel Vittecoq, Cécile Goujard, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Linda Wittkop, Alissa Naqvi, Oumar Billa, Dominique Salmon, Olivier Bouchaud, Karl Barange, David Zucman, Claudine Duvivier, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Caroline Lascoux-Combe, Anne Simon, Karine Lacombe, Laurent Alric, Philippe Morlat, Stéphanie Dominguez, Didier Neau, Julie Chas, Christine Katlama, Laure Esterle, Camille Gilbert, Anne Gervais, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service d'Immuno-hématologie clinique [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales A [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Service d'infectiologie [CHU Nice], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Hôpital Archet 2 [Nice] (CHU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - Faculté de Médecine (UNS UFR Médecine), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), DILTEC - Didactique des langues, des textes et des cultures - EA 2288 (DILTEC), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Laboratoire de Virologie Médicale et Moléculaire - EA 4684 (CardioVir), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint-Antoine], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Service de Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (DMIIC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Service de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: Oncology, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, HIV Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Risk Factors, Medicine, Public and Occupational Health, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Alcohol Consumption, Pharmaceutics, Coinfection, Liver Diseases, Liver Neoplasms, virus diseases, HIV diagnosis and management, Viral Load, Middle Aged, Vaccination and Immunization, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, Cirrhosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Viral load, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Population, Immunology, Antiretroviral Therapy, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Viral diseases, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Drug Therapy, Antiviral Therapy, Internal medicine, Virology, Cancer Detection and Diagnosis, Humans, education, Nutrition, Medicine and health sciences, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Cancer, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, Diagnostic medicine, digestive system diseases, Diet, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Preventive Medicine, business, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract: International audience; Compared to the general population, HIV-infected patients are at higher risk of developing non-AIDS-defining cancers. Chronic HCV infection has also been associated with a higher risk than that of the general population of developing cancers other than hepatocarcinoma. Evaluation of the impact of HCV-related factors on non-AIDS-defining and non HCV-liver (NANL) related cancers among HIV/HCV co-infected patients are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of HIV/HCV clinical characteristics on NANL related cancers in a large cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients followed from 2005 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards models with delayed entry were used to estimate factors associated with NANL related cancer. Among 1391 patients followed for a median of 5 years, 60 patients developed NANL related cancers, yielding an incidence rate of 8.9 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, [6.6-11.1]). By final multivariable analysis, after adjustment for sex, tobacco or alcohol consumption, baseline CD4 cell count and HCV sustained viral response (SVR), age and a longer duration since HIV diagnosis were independently associated with a higher risk of NANL related cancer (aHR for each additional year 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, p
Published: 2018

22. Electrical discharges in water induce spores' DNA damage

Author: Lamarche, Camille, Da Silva, Charlotte, Demol, Gauthier, DAGUE, Etienne, Rols, Marie-Pierre, Pillet, Flavien, Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Light, Hydrolases, lcsh:Medicine, Bacillus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, Oxidative Damage, Electricity, Microbial Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Bacterial Physiology, lcsh:Science, Bacillus pumilus, Spores, Bacterial, Organic Compounds, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, Bacterial Infections, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Enzymes, Bacterial Pathogens, Nucleic acids, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Chemistry, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Electric Field, Medical Microbiology, Physical Sciences, Pathogens, Water Microbiology, Research Article, DNA, Bacterial, Ultraviolet Rays, Nucleases, Microbiology, Water Purification, Ultraviolet Radiation, DNA-binding proteins, Genetics, Humans, Bacterial Spores, Microbial Pathogens, Bacteria, Organic Chemistry, fungi, lcsh:R, Chemical Compounds, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Bacteriology, DNA, Pyrimidines, Enzymology, DNA damage, lcsh:Q, Reactive Oxygen Species, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract: International audience; Bacterial spores are one of the most resilient life forms on earth and are involved in many human diseases, such as infectious diarrhea, fatal paralytic illnesses and respiratory infections. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the death of Bacillus pumilus spores after exposure to electric arcs in water. Cutting-edge microscopies at the nanoscale did not reveal any structural disorganization of spores exposed to electric arcs. This result suggested the absence of physical destruction by a propagating shock wave or an exposure to an electric field. However, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed genomic DNA damage induced by UV radiation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). UV induced single-strand DNA breaks and thymine dimers while ROS were mainly involved in base exci-sion. Our findings revealed a correlation between DNA damage and the treatment of spores with electrical discharges.
Published: 2018

23. Maternal obesity increases insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and osteochondrosis lesions in foals and yearlings until 18 months of age

Author: Robles, M., Nouveau, E., Gautier, C., Mendoza, L., Dubois, C., Dahirel, M., Lagofun, B., Aubrière, M-C, Lejeune, J-P, Caudron, I., Guenon, I., Viguié, C., Wimel, L., Bouraima-Lelong, H., Serteyn, D., Couturier-Tarrade, A., Chavatte-Palmer, P., Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Œstrogènes, reproduction, cancer (OeReCa), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur], Exposition, Perturbation Endocrino-métabolique et Reproduction (ToxAlim-EXPER), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Leptin, Blood Glucose, Male, Physiology, Peptide Hormones, Maternal Health, animal diseases, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Pregnancy, Immune Physiology, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Medicine and Health Sciences, Insulin, Osteochondrosis, lcsh:Science, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Mammals, Innate Immune System, Organic Compounds, Monosaccharides, Eukaryota, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Body Fluids, Chemistry, Blood, Physiological Parameters, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, Cytokines, Female, Adiponectin, Anatomy, Research Article, Equines, Immunology, Carbohydrates, Blood Plasma, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, Adipokines, Animals, Obesity, Horses, Diabetic Endocrinology, Inflammation, Body Weight, Organic Chemistry, lcsh:R, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Molecular Development, Glucose Tolerance Test, Hormones, Pregnancy Complications, Glucose, Animals, Newborn, Immune System, Amniotes, Women's Health, Horse Diseases, lcsh:Q, Insulin Resistance, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION:Obesity is a growing concern in horses. The effects of maternal obesity on maternal metabolism and low-grade inflammation during pregnancy, as well as offspring growth, metabolism, low-grade inflammation, testicular maturation and osteochondrotic lesions until 18 months of age were investigated.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Twenty-four mares were used and separated into two groups at insemination according to body condition score (BCS): Normal (N, n = 10, BCS ≤4) and Obese (O, n = 14, BCS ≥4.25). BCS and plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, urea, non-esterified fatty acid, serum amyloid A (SAA), leptin and adiponectin concentrations were monitored throughout gestation. At 300 days of gestation, a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIGT) was performed. After parturition, foals' weight and size were monitored until 18 months of age with plasma SAA, leptin, adiponectin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol concentrations measured at regular intervals. At 6, 12 and 18 months of age, FSIGT and osteoarticular examinations were performed. Males were gelded at one year and expression of genes involved in testicular maturation analysed by RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Throughout the experiment, maternal BCS was higher in O versus N mares. During gestation, plasma urea and adiponectin were decreased and SAA and leptin increased in O versus N mares. O mares were also more insulin resistant than N mares with a higher glucose effectiveness. Postnatally, there was no difference in offspring growth between groups. Nevertheless, plasma SAA concentrations were increased in O versus N foals until 6 months, with O foals being consistently more insulin resistant with a higher glucose effectiveness. At 12 months of age, O foals were significantly more affected by osteochondrosis than N foals. All other parameters were not different between groups.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, maternal obesity altered metabolism and increased low-grade inflammation in both dams and foals. The risk of developing osteochondrosis at 12 months of age was also higher in foals born to obese dams.
Published: 2018

24. Capturing the influence of geopolitical ties from Wikipedia with reduced Google matrix

Author: Katia Jaffrès-Runser, Dima L. Shepelyansky, Samer El Zant, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites (IRIT-RMESS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Information et Chaos Quantiques (LPT), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (LPT), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Physics - Physics and Society, Databases, Factual, Computer science, Système d'exploitation, FOS: Physical sciences, Réseaux et télécommunications, lcsh:Medicine, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, PageRank, law, Architectures Matérielles, Reduced Google matrix theory, 0103 physical sciences, Web page, Global network, Data Mining, Humans, Leverage (statistics), media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, 010306 general physics, lcsh:Science, media_common, Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), Structure (mathematical logic), Multidisciplinary, Google matrix, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SOC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics and Society [physics.soc-ph], Politics, lcsh:R, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Data science, Systèmes embarqués, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Interactions between countries originate from diverse aspects such as geographic proximity, trade, socio-cultural habits, language, religions, etc. Geopolitics studies the influence of a country's geographic space on its political power and its relationships with other countries. This work reveals the potential of Wikipedia mining for geopolitical study. Actually, Wikipedia offers solid knowledge and strong correlations among countries by linking web pages together for different types of information (e.g. economical, historical, political, and many others). The major finding of this paper is to show that meaningful results on the influence of country ties can be extracted from the hyperlinked structure of Wikipedia. We leverage a novel stochastic matrix representation of Markov chains of complex directed networks called the reduced Google matrix theory. For a selected small size set of nodes, the reduced Google matrix concentrates direct and indirect links of the million-node sized Wikipedia network into a small Perron-Frobenius matrix keeping the PageRank probabilities of the global Wikipedia network. We perform a novel sensitivity analysis that leverages this reduced Google matrix to characterize the influence of relationships between countries from the global network. We apply this analysis to two chosen sets of countries (i.e. the set of 27 European Union countries and a set of 40 top worldwide countries). We show that with our sensitivity analysis we can exhibit easily very meaningful information on geopolitics from five different Wikipedia editions (English, Arabic, Russian, French and German)., Comment: 33 pages, 28 figures, submitted to PLOS ONE. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1612.07920
Published: 2018

25. Muscle function in glenohumeral joint stability during lifting task

Author: Mickaël Begon, Benjamin Michaud, Paul Allard, Yoann Blache, Landry Desmoulins, Fabien Dal Maso, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laboratoire Adaptation Perceptivo-Motrice et Apprentissage (LAPMA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Blache, Yoann, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Male, Muscle Physiology, Lifting, Muscle Functions, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Electromyography, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomechanics, lcsh:Science, Musculoskeletal System, Mathematics, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Shoulder Joint, Muscles, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, Anatomy, Muscle Electrophysiology, Muscle contraction, Research Article, Muscle Contraction, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Shoulders, 0206 medical engineering, Shear force, Joint stability, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Humerus, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Muscle, Skeletal, Skeleton, lcsh:R, Electrophysiological Techniques, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Biology and Life Sciences, 030229 sport sciences, 020601 biomedical engineering, Joints (Anatomy), Rotator Cuff Muscles, Shoulder joint, lcsh:Q, Musculoskeletal Mechanics, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Ensuring glenohumeral stability during repetitive lifting tasks is a key factor to reduce the risk of shoulder injuries. Nevertheless, the literature reveals some lack concerning the assessment of the muscles that ensure glenohumeral stability during specific lifting tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the stabilization function of shoulder muscles during a lifting task. Kinematics and muscle electromyograms (n = 9) were recorded from 13 healthy adults during a bi-manual lifting task performed from the hip to the shoulder level. A generic upper-limb OpenSim model was implemented to simulate gleno-humeral stability and instability by performing static optimizations with and without gleno-humeral stability constraints. This procedure enabled to compute the level of shoulder muscle activity and forces in the two conditions. Without the stability constraint, the simulated movement was unstable during 74%±16% of the time. The force of the supraspinatus was significantly increased of 107% (p
Published: 2017

26. Hidden biodiversity in entomological collections: The overlooked co-occurrence of dipteran and hymenopteran ant parasitoids in stored biological material

Author: Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Lachaud, Jean-Paul, LACHAUD, Jean-Paul, ECOSUR Unidad Chetumal, EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Life Cycles, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Arthropoda, Wasps, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Host-Parasite Interactions, Larvae, Sociology, Abdomen, Animals, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Behavior, Ecology, Animal Behavior, Ants, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Diptera, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Pupa, Biology and Life Sciences, Eukaryota, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Pupae, Biodiversity, Invertebrates, Hymenoptera, Trophic Interactions, Insects, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Species Interactions, Community Ecology, Parasitism, Animal Sociality, Larva, Social Systems, lcsh:Q, Zoology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Research Article, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Biological collections around the world are the repository of biodiversity on Earth; they also hold a large quantity of unsorted, unidentified, or misidentified material and can house behavioral information on species that are difficult to access or no longer available to science. Among the unsorted, alcohol-preserved material stored in the Formicidae Collection of the 'El Colegio de la Frontera Sur' Research Center (Chetumal, Mexico), we found nine colonies of the ponerine ant Neoponera villosa, that had been collected in bromeliads at Calakmul (Campeche, Mexico) in 1999. Ants and their brood were revised for the presence of any sign of parasitism. Cocoons were dissected and their content examined under a stereomicroscope. Six N. villosa prepupae had been attacked by the ectoparasitoid syrphid fly Hypselosyrphus trigonus Hull (Syrphidae: Microdontinae), to date the only known dipteran species of the Microdontinae with a parasitoid lifestyle. In addition, six male pupae from three colonies contained gregarious endoparasitoid wasps. These were specialized in parasitizing this specific host caste as no gyne or worker pupae displayed signs of having been attacked. Only immature stages (larvae and pupae) of the wasp could be obtained. Due to the long storage period, DNA amplification failed; however, based on biological and morphological data, pupae were placed in the Encyrtidae family. This is the first record of an encyrtid wasp parasitizing N. villosa, and the second example of an encyrtid as a primary parasitoid of ants. Furthermore, it is also the first record of co-occurrence of a dipteran ectoparasitoid and a hymenopteran endoparasitoid living in sympatry within the same population of host ants. Our findings highlight the importance of biological collections as reservoirs of hidden biodiversity, not only at the taxonomic level, but also at the behavioral level, revealing complex living networks. They also highlight the need for funding in order to carry out biodiversity inventories and manage existing collections.
Published: 2017

27. Prominent facilitation at beta and gamma frequency range revealed with physiological calcium concentration in adult mouse piriform cortex in vitro

Author: Gleizes, Marie, Perrier, Simon P., Fonta, Caroline, Nowak, Lionel G., Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physiology, Cell Membranes, lcsh:Medicine, Neurophysiology, Action Potentials, Piriform Cortex, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Nervous System, Membrane Potential, Mice, Developmental Neuroscience, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, lcsh:Science, Neuronal Plasticity, Functional Electrical Stimulation, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Neurotransmission, Biology and Life Sciences, Brain, Electroencephalography, Cell Biology, Intracellular Membranes, Olfactory Bulb, Electrophysiology, Cellular Neuroscience, Synapses, lcsh:Q, Calcium, Anatomy, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, Neuroscience, Synaptic Plasticity
Abstract: Neuronal activity is characterized by a diversity of oscillatory phenomena that are associated with multiple behavioral and cognitive processes, yet the functional consequences of these oscillations are not fully understood. Our aim was to determine whether and how these different oscillatory activities affect short-term synaptic plasticity (STP), using the olfactory system as a model. In response to odorant stimuli, the olfactory bulb displays a slow breathing rhythm as well as beta and gamma oscillations. Since the firing of olfactory bulb projecting neurons is phase-locked with beta and gamma oscillations, structures downstream from the olfactory bulb should be driven preferentially at these frequencies. We examined STP exhibited by olfactory bulb inputs in slices of adult mouse piriform cortex maintained in vitro in an in vivo-like ACSF (calcium concentration: 1.1 mM). We replaced the presynaptic neuronal firing rate by repeated electrical stimulation (frequency between 3.125 and 100 Hz) applied to the lateral olfactory tract. Our results revealed a considerable enhancement of postsynaptic response amplitude for stimulation frequencies in the beta and gamma range. A phenomenological model of STP fitted to the data suggests that the experimental results can be explained by the interplay between three mechanisms: a short-term facilitation mechanism (time constant ≈160 msec), and two short-term depression mechanisms (recovery time constants
Published: 2017

28. Mother-infant interaction assessment at discharge and at 6 months in a French cohort of infants born very preterm: The OLIMPE study

Author: Gilles Cambonie, Jean-Baptiste Muller, Virginie Ehlinger, Joël Roy, Antoine Guédeney, Cécile Lebeaux, Monique Kaminski, Corine Alberge, Sophie Denizot, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Catherine Arnaud, OLIMPE study writing group, KARLI, Mélanie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe 1 : EPOPé - Épidémiologie Obstétricale, Périnatale et Pédiatrique (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)
Subjects: Maternal Health, lcsh:Medicine, Cohort Studies, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Children, Depression (differential diagnoses), education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Depression, 05 social sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother-Child Relations, Distress, Premature birth, Cohort, Anxiety, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Infants, Infant, Premature, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Cohort study, Research Article, Adult, Population, Parenting Behavior, Mothers, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Preterm Birth, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 030225 pediatrics, Mental Health and Psychiatry, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Family, education, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Behavior, Behavioral Disorders, business.industry, Mood Disorders, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, Neonates, medicine.disease, Mental health, Pregnancy Complications, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Age Groups, People and Places, Birth, Women's Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, business, Demography, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Objectives : The principal aim was to investigate the feasibility of assessing mother-infant interactions at discharge and at 6 months infant corrected age in singletons born before 32 weeks of gestation. The secondary aims were to describe these interactions and their disorders, explore the association between maternal emotional state and the interactions, and assess the relationship between disordered interactions and infant social withdrawal behaviour.Methods : OLIMPE is an ancillary study of the population-based study EPIPAGE 2, which recruited preterm neonates in France in 2011. 163 dyads participated at discharge and 148 at 6 months. Interactions were observed with the Attachment During Stress (ADS) scale, which includes two behavioural subscales, for the mother (m-ADS) and her infant (i-ADS). Two professionals independently completed the ADS scales for one third of the observations. Maternal emotional state was assessed using self-administered questionnaires of depression, anxiety, and stress. Infant’s social withdrawal behaviour at 6 months was measured by the Alarm Distress Baby scale.Results : At discharge, 15.3% of the m-ADS scales and 43.3% of the i-ADS scales had at least one unobserved component. At 6 months, all items on both scales were noticeable in >90% of the dyads. Reliability, estimated by the kappa coefficient, ranged between 0.39 and 0.76 at discharge, and between 0.21 and 0.69 at 6 months. Disordered interactions were indicated on 48.6% of the m-ADS scales and 36.5% of the i-ADS scales at discharge. At 6 months, these rates were 32.6% and 26.0%. Disordered interactions at 6 months were associated with identified disorder at discharge. Insecure infant attachment was not influenced by maternal mental health but was strongly associated with infant social withdrawal behaviour.Conclusions : The ADS scale can be used to screen for early interaction disorders after premature birth and may help to target dyads that would most benefit from early intervention.
Published: 2017

29. The variability of multisensory processes of natural stimuli in human and non-human primates in a detection task

Author: Juan, Cécile, Cappe, Céline, Alric, Baptiste, Roby, Benoit, Gilardeau, Sophie, Barone, Pascal, Girard, Pascal, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de neurosciences translationnelles de Paris (NeurATRIS - IHU-A-ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Images et Modèles, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Primates, Adult, Male, Vision, Cognitive Neuroscience, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Monkeys, Research and Analysis Methods, Old World monkeys, Reaction Time, Animals, Psychology, Humans, Attention, lcsh:Science, Mammals, Behavior, Rhesus Monkeys, Behavior, Animal, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Organisms, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Models, Macaca mulatta, Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation, Experimental Organism Systems, Acoustic Stimulation, Vertebrates, Amniotes, Cognitive Science, lcsh:Q, Sensory Perception, Female, Macaque, Photic Stimulation, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Behavioral studies in both human and animals generally converge to the dogma that multisensory integration improves reaction times (RTs) in comparison to unimodal stimulation. These multisensory effects depend on diverse conditions among which the most studied were the spatial and temporal congruences. Further, most of the studies are using relatively simple stimuli while in everyday life, we are confronted to a large variety of complex stimulations constantly changing our attentional focus over time, a modality switch that can impact on stimuli detection. In the present study, we examined the potential sources of the variability in reaction times and multisensory gains with respect to the intrinsic features of a large set of natural stimuli. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS:Rhesus macaque monkeys and human subjects performed a simple audio-visual stimulus detection task in which a large collection of unimodal and bimodal natural stimuli with semantic specificities was presented at different saliencies. Although we were able to reproduce the well-established redundant signal effect, we failed to reveal a systematic violation of the race model which is considered to demonstrate multisensory integration. In both monkeys and human species, our study revealed a large range of multisensory gains, with negative and positive values. While modality switch has clear effects on reaction times, one of the main causes of the variability of multisensory gains appeared to be linked to the intrinsic physical parameters of the stimuli. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:Based on the variability of multisensory benefits, our results suggest that the neuronal mechanisms responsible of the redundant effect (interactions vs. integration) are highly dependent on the stimulus complexity suggesting different implications of uni- and multisensory brain regions. Further, in a simple detection task, the semantic values of individual stimuli tend to have no significant impact on task performances, an effect which is probably present in more cognitive tasks.
Published: 2017

30. rtfA controls development, secondary metabolism, and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus

Author: Olivier Puel, Sherine F. Elsawa, Souraia Tadrist, Ryan R. Myers, Timothy D. Smith, Ana M. Calvo, Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Biosynthèse & Toxicité des Mycotoxines (ToxAlim-BioToMyc), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This project was funded by Northern Illinois University., and Calvo, Ana M.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Life Cycles, développement du champignon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], toxicologie alimentaire, Conidiation, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Yeast and Fungal Models, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Moths, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biochemistry, Aspergillus fumigatus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Larvae, Fungal Reproduction, Cell Wall, Gene expression, Medicine and Health Sciences, Metabolites, Secondary Metabolites, genes, lcsh:Science, Fungal Pathogens, Mice, Inbred ICR, Multidisciplinary, biology, Virulence, aspergillus fumigatus, 3. Good health, Aspergillus, Experimental Organism Systems, Medical Microbiology, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Female, Pathogens, Genetic Engineering, Research Article, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, 030106 microbiology, Mycology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Saccharomyces, Model Organisms, Aspergillus nidulans, Genetics, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Fungal Spores, Secondary metabolism, Molecular Biology Techniques, Gene, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, secondary metabolism, marqueur de virulence, gène, lcsh:R, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, métabolisme secondaire, biology.organism_classification, TATA-Box Binding Protein, Molds (Fungi), Yeast, Oxidative Stress, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Metabolism, chemistry, Pseurotin A, lcsh:Q, Developmental Biology, Peptide Hydrolases, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Invasive aspergillosis by Aspergillus fumigatus is a leading cause of infection-related mortality in immune-compromised patients. In order to discover potential genetic targets to control A. fumigatus infections we characterized rtfA, a gene encoding a putative RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor-like protein. Our recent work has shown that the rtfA ortholog in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans regulates morphogenesis and secondary metabolism. The present study on the opportunistic pathogen A. fumigatus rtfA gene revealed that this gene influences fungal growth and conidiation, as well as production of the secondary metabolites tryptoquivaline F, pseurotin A, fumiquinazoline C, festuclavine, and fumigaclavines A, B and C. Additionally, rtfA influences protease activity levels, the sensitivity to oxidative stress and adhesion capacity, all factors important in pathogenicity. Furthermore, rtfA was shown to be indispensable for normal virulence using Galleria mellonella as well as murine infection model systems.
Published: 2017

31. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 expression modulates cell roughness and membrane permeability: An atomic force microscopy study

Author: Maria R. Gonzalez-Baro, Elizabeth Renee Cattaneo, Eduardo Daniel Prieto, Mauro Aldo Montanaro, Maria B. Garcia-Fabiani, Hervé Guillou, Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquimicas Teoricas y Aplicadas, Partenaires INRAE, Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work was supported by Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina-PICT2014-3214 (MRGB), http:/www.agencia.mincyt.gob.ar/frontend/agencia/convocatoria/304, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina. PIP20013-0310 (MRGB), and Gonzalez-Baro, Maria R.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cell Membrane Permeability, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell Membranes, Cell, lcsh:Medicine, microscopy study, Apoptosis, 02 engineering and technology, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Biochemistry, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], chemistry.chemical_compound, ATOMIC FORCE, lcsh:Science, Cytoskeleton, Microscopy, Multidisciplinary, Cell Death, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Lipids, Atomic Force Microscopy, Cell biology, Phenotypes, medicine.anatomical_structure, GLUCEROLIPIDS SYNTHESIS, Cell Processes, Physical Sciences, Female, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Glycerol 3-phosphate, 0210 nano-technology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Research Article, Gene isoform, Membrane permeability, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Materials Science, Material Properties, Breast Neoplasms, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Research and Analysis Methods, Permeability, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, GPAT2, Cell Line, Tumor, Lactate dehydrogenase, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Gene silencing, Gene Silencing, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Ciencias Exactas, Scanning Probe Microscopy, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Cell culture, Ciencias Médicas, Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase, Cancer cell, Glycerol-3-phosphate, lcsh:Q
Abstract: In mammalian cells, de novo glycerolipid synthesis begins with the acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate, catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT). GPAT2 is a mitochondrial isoform primarily expressed in testis under physiological conditions, and overexpressed in several types of cancers and cancer-derived human cell lines where its expression contributes to the tumor phenotype. Using gene silencing and atomic force microscopy, we studied the correlation between GPAT2 expression and cell surface topography, roughness and membrane permeability in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, we analyzed the glycerolipid composition by gas-liquid chromatography. GPAT2 expression altered the arachidonic acid content in glycerolipids, and the lack of GPAT2 seems to be partially compensated by the overexpression of another arachidonic-acid-metabolizing enzyme, AGPAT11. GPAT2 expressing cells exhibited a rougher topography and less membrane damage than GPAT2 silenced cells. Pore-like structures were present only in GPAT2 subexpressing cells, correlating with higher membrane damage evidenced by lactate dehydrogenase release. These GPAT2-induced changes are consistent with its proposed function as a tumor-promoting gene, and might be used as a phenotypic differentiation marker. AFM provides the basis for the identification and quantification of those changes, and demonstrates the utility of this technique in the study of cancer cell biology., Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Published: 2017

32. DNA reference libraries of French Guianese mosquitoes for barcoding and metabarcoding

Author: Isabelle Dusfour, Jérôme Murienne, Amandine Guidez, Stanislas Talaga, Alain Dejean, Romain Girod, Céline Leroy, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Entomologie médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, This study was funded by Investissement d'Avenir grants managed by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02). ST was funded by a PhD fellowship from the Université Antilles-Guyane., We would like to thank the Parc Amazonien de Guyane (PAG) and the Réserve Naturelle de La Trinité for logistical support during field studies, as well as all of the contributors who helped to collect samples (R. Carinci, O. Dézerald, M. Minot and H. Rodriguez). We also aknowledge Arthur Kocher for his help with the assignation statistics and Andrea Yockey-Dejean for proofreading the manuscript., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR: 10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR: 10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MESH: Culicidae/classification, Species Delimitation, Molecular biology, Speciation, lcsh:Medicine, Disease Vectors, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Mosquitoes, Identification system, biodiversité, diptera-culicidae, subgenus peytonulus, sabethini diptera, species diptera, chemistry.chemical_compound, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Animals, Database Searching, lcsh:Science, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Data Management, Molecular systematics, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, French Guiana, Insects, MESH: Culicidae/genetics, Infectious Diseases, Dna barcodes, Taxonomy (biology), Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Species complex, Computer and Information Sciences, Multiple Alignment Calculation, Evolutionary Processes, Arthropoda, taxonomie, Bioinformatics, 030231 tropical medicine, Evolutionary systematics, Zoology, Sequence Databases, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Species level, Phylogenetics, MESH: French Guiana, parasitic diseases, Cryptic Speciation, Computational Techniques, phylogénie, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Sequence Similarity Searching, Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Invertebrates, Split-Decomposition Method, Insect Vectors, Species Interactions, Culicidae, Molecular biology techniques, Biological Databases, chemistry, Evolutionary biology, MESH: DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods, identification, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, DNA
Abstract: International audience; The mosquito family (Diptera: Culicidae) constitutes the most medically important group of arthropods because certain species are vectors of human pathogens. In some parts of the world, the diversity is so high that the accurate delimitation and/or identification of species is challenging. A DNA-based identification system for all animals has been proposed, the so-called DNA barcoding approach. In this study, our objectives were (i) to establish DNA bar-code libraries for the mosquitoes of French Guiana based on the COI and the 16S markers, (ii) to compare distance-based and tree-based methods of species delimitation to traditional taxonomy, and (iii) to evaluate the accuracy of each marker in identifying specimens. A total of 266 specimens belonging to 75 morphologically identified species or morphospecies were analyzed allowing us to delimit 86 DNA clusters with only 21 of them already present in the BOLD database. We thus provide a substantial contribution to the global mosquito bar-coding initiative. Our results confirm that DNA barcodes can be successfully used to delimit and identify mosquito species with only a few cases where the marker could not distinguish closely related species. Our results also validate the presence of new species identified based on morphology, plus potential cases of cryptic species. We found that both COI and 16S markers performed very well, with successful identifications at the species level of up to 98% for COI and 97% for 16S when compared to traditional taxonomy. This shows great potential for the use of metabarcoding for vector monitoring and eco-epidemiological studies.
Published: 2016

33. Sparse EEG/MEG source estimation via a group lasso

Author: Ales, Justin, Norcia, Anthony, Hastie, Trevor, Cottereau, Benoit, Lim, Michael, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Subjects: Computer science, Physiology, Pooling, Physics::Medical Physics, lcsh:Medicine, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, Diagnostic Radiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medicine and Health Sciences, Evoked potential, QA, lcsh:Science, Musculoskeletal System, Evoked Potentials, Visual Cortex, Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Geography, Radiology and Imaging, Simulation and Modeling, 05 social sciences, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Brain Electrophysiology, Anatomy, BDC, Algorithms, Research Article, Cartography, BF Psychology, Imaging Techniques, Models, Neurological, BF, Neurophysiology, Neuroimaging, Research and Analysis Methods, Membrane Potential, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Topographic Maps, Diagnostic Medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer Simulation, QA Mathematics, Skeleton, Scalp, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Electrophysiological Techniques, Skull, Biology and Life Sciences, DAS, Pattern recognition, Visual cortex, ROC Curve, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Artificial intelligence, Clinical Medicine, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Head, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Running the code requires downloading both the data and the code. These are downloaded separately using the OSF interface. First, under files, select the code component then download. Then "datafiles.zip" and download that as well. Extract the datafiles.zip into a directory named "datafiles" containing the subdirectories: "anatomy", "eegdata", "forwardSolutions". If the datafiles directory is correctly placed in the same folder as mrLASSO.m it will be found automatically. If not the code will ask you to select the directory. From MATLAB run: mrLASSO The code will ask several questions. First whether you want to compute the minimum norm solution or use the precomputed solution provided. The cross participant minimum-norm solution takes a lengthy amount of time (~20 minutes at last test). Therefore, we've provided a precumputed solution along with the data files. After generating several data figures the next thing that will be asked is whether or not to plot topographies. If you choose to plot topographies you will be asked if you want to plot a single participant or all participants. As each topography is plotted on a high-resolution scalp mesh they can be intensive to render. Plotting a single participant will allow interacting in 3d. Plotting all participants will render each participant, take a snapshot, then create a view of all participants together as in Figure 10.
Published: 2016

34. Measure and characterization of the forces exerted by growing multicellular spheroids using microdevice arrays

Author: Martine Cazales, Ariane Herbulot, Valérie Lobjois, Stanislas Larnier, Bernard Ducommun, Christophe Vieu, Laurene Aoun, Pierre Weiss, Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Robotique, Action et Perception (LAAS-RAP), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton research lab (RMeS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cellular pathology, Cell Culture Techniques, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], 01 natural sciences, Stiffness, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior, Multidisciplinary, Aspect ratio (aeronautics), Physics, Applied Mathematics, Compression, Classical Mechanics, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Deformation, Spring, Characterization (materials science), Aspect Ratio, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Female, Seasons, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Materials science, Imaging Techniques, Science, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Materials Science, Material Properties, Finite Element Analysis, Geometry, Breast Neoplasms, Research and Analysis Methods, Stress (mechanics), 03 medical and health sciences, Optical imaging, Spheroids, Cellular, Fluorescence Imaging, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Mechanical Properties, Humans, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Damage Mechanics, Spheroid, 030104 developmental biology, Tissue Array Analysis, Earth Sciences, Biophysics, Multicellular spheroid, Stress, Mechanical, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Growing multicellular spheroids recapitulate many features of expanding microtumours, and therefore they are an attractive system for biomechanical studies. Here, we report an original approach to measure and characterize the forces exerted by proliferating multicellular spheroids. As force sensors, we used high aspect ratio PDMS pillars arranged as a ring that supports a growing breast tumour cell spheroid. After optical imaging and determination of the force application zones, we combined 3D reconstruction of the shape of each deformed PDMS pillar with the finite element method to extract the forces responsible for the experimental observation. We found that the force exerted by growing spheroids ranges between 100nN and 300nN. Moreover, the exerted force was dependent on the pillar stiffness and increased over time with spheroid growth.
Published: 2019

35. Characterization of the putative polysaccharide synthase CpsA and its effects on the virulence of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

Author: Brett Thompson, Ana M. Calvo, Binita Nepal, Jessica M. Lohmar, Matthew Van Cura, Ryan R. Myers, Olivier Puel, Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Biosynthèse & Toxicité des Mycotoxines (ToxAlim-BioToMyc), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Northern Illinois University
Subjects: Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Conidiation, Virulence, Human pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Wall, Osmotic Pressure, Aspergillus nidulans, Animals, Humans, Metabolomics, Secondary metabolism, 030304 developmental biology, Mice, Inbred ICR, 0303 health sciences, Aspergillus, Multidisciplinary, biology, 030306 microbiology, Fungal genetics, Adhesiveness, Glycosyltransferases, Spores, Fungal, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Disease Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress, Medicine, Female, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing a life-threatening disease called invasive aspergillosis, or IA, with an associated 40-90% mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Of the approximately 250 species known in the genus Aspergillus, A. fumigatus is responsible for up to 90% of IA infections. This study focuses on examining the role of the putative polysaccharide synthase cpsA gene in A. fumigatus virulence. Additionally, we evaluated its role in cellular processes that influence invasion and colonization of host tissue. Importantly, our results support that cpsA is indispensable for virulence in A. fumigatus infection of non-neutropenic hosts. Our study revealed that cpsA affects growth and sporulation in this fungus. Absence of cpsA resulted in a drastic reduction in conidiation, and forced overexpression of cpsA produced partially fluffy colonies with low sporulation levels, suggesting that wild-type cpsA expression levels are required for proper conidiation in this fungus. This study also showed that cpsA is necessary for normal cell wall integrity and composition. Furthermore, both deletion and overexpression of cpsA resulted in a reduction in the ability of A. fumigatus to adhere to surfaces, and caused increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Interestingly, metabolomics analysis indicated that cpsA affects A. fumigatus secondary metabolism. Forced overexpression of cpsA resulted in a statistically significant difference in the production of fumigaclavine A, fumigaclavine B, fumigaclavine C, verruculogen TR-2, and tryprostatin A.
Published: 2019

36. kmlShape: An Efficient Method to Cluster Longitudinal Data (Time-Series) According to Their Shapes

Author: Tarak Driss, Christophe Genolini, Mamoun Benghezal, Sandrine Andrieu, Fabien Subtil, René Ecochard, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Leaves, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Computer science, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Plant Science, Bioinformatics, Elections, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Reproductive Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Cluster Analysis, lcsh:Science, Mammals, Multidisciplinary, Group (mathematics), Applied Mathematics, Simulation and Modeling, Plant Anatomy, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Variable (computer science), Neurology, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Physical Sciences, Vertebrates, Information Technology, Algorithm, Algorithms, Research Article, Ovulation, Computer and Information Sciences, Current (mathematics), Political Science, Analyse du Mouvement en Biomécanique Physiologie et Imagerie, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Alzheimer Disease, Mental Health and Psychiatry, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Cluster (physics), Animals, Humans, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 0101 mathematics, Cluster analysis, Menstrual Cycle, Series (mathematics), Endocrine Physiology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Moment (mathematics), Data Reduction, Amniotes, lcsh:Q, Dementia, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Mathematics
Abstract: Background Longitudinal data are data in which each variable is measured repeatedly over time. One possibility for the analysis of such data is to cluster them. The majority of clustering methods group together individual that have close trajectories at given time points. These methods group trajectories that are locally close but not necessarily those that have similar shapes. However, in several circumstances, the progress of a phenomenon may be more important than the moment at which it occurs. One would thus like to achieve a partitioning where each group gathers individuals whose trajectories have similar shapes whatever the time lag between them. Method In this article, we present a longitudinal data partitioning algorithm based on the shapes of the trajectories rather than on classical distances. Because this algorithm is time consuming, we propose as well two data simplification procedures that make it applicable to high dimensional datasets. Results In an application to Alzheimer disease, this algorithm revealed a “rapid decline” patient group that was not found by the classical methods. In another application to the feminine menstrual cycle, the algorithm showed, contrarily to the current literature, that the luteinizing hormone presents two peaks in an important proportion of women (22%).
Published: 2016

37. Subsocial Cockroaches Nauphoeta cinerea Mate Indiscriminately with Kin Despite High Costs of Inbreeding

Author: Colette Rivault, Virginie Durier, Cristian Pasquaretta, Sofia Bouchebti, Mathieu Lihoreau, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, IDEX grant, Idex grant, and Fondation Fyssen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Life Cycles, Heredity, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Cockroaches, 01 natural sciences, Reproductive Physiology, Copulation, Medicine and Health Sciences, Natural Selection, Inbreeding, Femur, lcsh:Science, Musculoskeletal System, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Eusociality, Insects, Mate choice, Sexual selection, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Anatomy, Physiological parameters, Research Article, Evolutionary Processes, Kin recognition, Arthropoda, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Inbreeding avoidance, Animals, Skeleton, Evolutionary Biology, Reproductive success, Population Biology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Mating system, Invertebrates, Nymphs, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Population Genetics, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Many animals have evolved strategies to reduce risks of inbreeding and its deleterious effects on the progeny. In social arthropods, such as the eusocial ants and bees, inbreeding avoidance is typically achieved by the dispersal of breeders from their native colony. However studies in presocial insects suggest that kin discrimination during mate choice may be a more common mechanism in socially simpler species with no reproductive division of labour. Here we examined this possibility in the subsocial cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea, a model species for research in sexual selection, where males establish dominance hierarchies to access females and control breeding territories. When given a binary choice between a sibling male and a non-sibling male that had the opportunity to establish a hierarchy prior to the tests, females mated preferentially with the dominant male, irrespective of kinship or body size. Despite the lack of kin discrimination during mate choice, inbred-mated females incurred significant fitness costs, producing 20% less offspring than outbred-mated females. We discuss how the social mating system of this territorial cockroach may naturally limit the probability of siblings to encounter and reproduce, without the need for evolving active inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, such as kin recognition.
Published: 2016

38. Maternal and Fetal Pharmacokinetics of Oral Radiolabeled and Authentic Bisphenol A in the Rhesus Monkey

Author: Patricia A. Hunt, Catherine A. VandeVoort, Frederick S. vom Saal, Roy Gerona, Anne Hillenweck, Alice F. Tarantal, Daniel Zalko, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, California National Primate Research Center, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University [New Haven]-Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences [San Diego], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University (WSU), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grants ES016770 and the CNPRC Base Grant (National Institutes of Health) OD011107 (RR00169), Nadal, Angel, Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and VandeVoort, Catherine A.
Subjects: pharmacocinétique, Maternal Health, Physiology, Monkeys, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Pregnancy, Medicine, lcsh:Science, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Mammals, test toxicologique, Physics, 3. Good health, Physical Sciences, Administration, Gestation, Macaque, Primates, Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Pollutants, Pediatric Research Initiative, endocrine system, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacokinetics, bisphénol a, Benzhydryl compounds, Nuclear Physics, Pharmacology, bisphenol a, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, lcsh:Q, 0301 basic medicine, Amniotic fluid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Administration, Oral, lcsh:Medicine, Reproductive health and childbirth, 010501 environmental sciences, human health, chemistry.chemical_compound, développement foetal, Drug Metabolism, Medicine and Health Sciences, Metabolites, Pediatric, Chromatography, Multidisciplinary, Radiochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Animal Models, santé humaine, Fetal Blood, Body Fluids, Chemistry, Radioactivity, High Pressure Liquid, Vertebrates, Female, pregnancy, Anatomy, drug kinetics, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Research Article, General Science & Technology, Research and Analysis Methods, Tritium, grossesse, Model Organisms, Phenols, Internal medicine, Old World monkeys, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fetus, Rhesus Monkeys, business.industry, urogenital system, Metabolism, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Amniotic Fluid, Macaca mulatta, Amniotes, Women's Health, business, Drug metabolism
Abstract: The present study was conducted in pregnant rhesus monkeys to determine the rapidity and extent to which BPA reaches the fetal compartment following oral ingestion, and the 24-hr fate of BPA. To assess metabolism changes during the course of pregnancy, we compared BPA biotransformation during the second and third trimesters in the same animals, measuring the levels of sulfated, gluronidated, and free BPA in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum. All animals showed measurable unconjugated and conjugated BPA in the fetal compartment and slow clearance compared to maternal serum. There were higher levels of BPA-G in amniotic fluid at 150 days gestation compared to 100 days gestation, as well as higher levels of BPA-G than BPA-S. We also monitored H-3-BPA (and metabolites) in key tissues and excreta from a mother and fetus and from a non-pregnant female. The elimination of radioactivity was rapid, but residues were still detectable 24 hr after dosing in all tissues analyzed. These data suggest that, in primates, rapid maternal processing of BPA does not alleviate the risk of exposure to the developing fetus. This study elevates concerns about levels of current BPA human exposure from potentially a large number of unknown sources and the risks posed to developing fetuses.
Published: 2016

39. Cortical reorganization after cochlear implantation for adults with single-sided deafness

Author: David Bakhos, Sylvie Roux, Marie Gomot, John J. Galvin, Jean-Marie Aoustin, Shuman He, Mathieu Marx, E. Legris, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM 930, CHU Bretonneau, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Otology, Deafness, Audiology, Electroencephalography, Functional Laterality, 0302 clinical medicine, Cochlear implant, Medicine and Health Sciences, Electrochemistry, Mastoid Process, Longitudinal Studies, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, lcsh:Science, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Cochlear implantation, Prospective cohort study, Hearing Disorders, Musculoskeletal System, Cerebral Cortex, Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Mapping, Neuronal Plasticity, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Middle Aged, Cochlear Implantation, Electrophysiology, Chemistry, Treatment Outcome, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Brain Electrophysiology, Research Design, Physical Sciences, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Speech Perception, Female, Anatomy, Research Article, Mastoid process, medicine.medical_specialty, Imaging Techniques, Neurophysiology, Neuroimaging, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Phonetics, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Humans, Speech, Skeleton, Aged, Scalp, business.industry, Electrode Potentials, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Skull, Electrophysiological Techniques, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Linguistics, Noise, Cochlear Implants, Otorhinolaryngology, Ears, lcsh:Q, Clinical Medicine, business, Head, Binaural recording, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Background Adults with single sided deafness (SSD) have lost binaural function, which limits sound source localization, speech understanding in noise, and quality of life. For SSD patients, restoration of bilateral auditory input is possible only with a cochlear implant (CI). In this study, cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and behavioral performance were measured in left-implanted (SSD-CI-L) and right-implanted (SSD-CI-R) patients before and after cochlear implantation. We hypothesized that improvements in behavioral performance would be accompanied by changes in CAEPs after cochlear implantation. Design Prospective longitudinal study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Method Nine right-handed adult SSD CI patients participated in the study. CAEPs were recorded before cochlear implantation and at 6 and 12 months post-implantation. CAEPs were elicited using speech stimuli (/ba/) delivered in sound field at 70 dBA. Global field power (GFP) latency and amplitude were calculated for P1, N1 and P2 peaks at each test session. CAEP were analyzed at frontocentral (Cz) and temporal (P7, P8, T7 and T8) and mastoid electrodes (M1 and M2) contralateral to the CI ear. Behavioral measures (sentence recognition in noise, with and without spatial cues) were collected at the same test sessions as for CAEPs. Speech performance and CAEPs were also measured in a control group of normal-hearing (NH) subjects. Results While increased N1 amplitude was observed in the scalp potential maps for GFP and Cz for SSD-CI-L patients after implantation, the changes were not statistically significant. Peak CAEP amplitude at electrodes to contralateral to the CI ear increased after cochlear implantation for all SSD-CI patients, but significant increases were observed only for mastoid sites. Peak latencies for some components at temporal and mastoid sites remained significantly longer than for the NH control group, even after cochlear implantation. For SSD-CI-R patients, P2 peak amplitude for baseline GFP and Cz was significantly lower than for the NH control group. A significant improvement for speech understanding in noise was observed at 12 months post-implantation when speech was presented to the CI ear and noise to the non-implanted ear. Conclusion After cochlear implantation, speech understanding significantly improved when speech and noise were spatially separated. The increased N1 amplitude for SSD-CI-L patients and the increased bilateral activation for all SSD-CI patients may reflect cortical reorganization and restoration of binaural function after one year of experience with the CI. However, because of the limited number of SSD patients, significant changes in cortical activity after cochlear implantation were often difficult to observe.
Published: 2018

40. Consensus assessment of the contamination level of publicly available cyanobacterial genomes

Author: Hervé Philippe, Annick Wilmotte, Emmanuelle Javaux, Raphaël R. Léonard, Luc Cornet, Yannick Lara, Loïc Meunier, Agnieszka Misztak, Denis Baurain, Mick Van Vlierberghe, Benoit Durieu, Damien Sirjacobs, Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Paléopalynologie et Micropaléontologie, Université de Liège, InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Technologie Servier, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Genome, Database and Informatics Methods, Contaminants, Ensembl, lcsh:Science, Data Management, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, Genomics, Genomic Databases, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Nucleic acids, Ribosomal RNA, DNA Contamination, Physical Sciences, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, DNA, Bacterial, Genetic Markers, Cell biology, Computer and Information Sciences, Cellular structures and organelles, Consensus, Bioinformatics, Materials Science, 030106 microbiology, Sequence Databases, Computational biology, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Cyanobacteria, 03 medical and health sciences, Ribosomal protein, Genetics, Non-coding RNA, Gene, Materials by Attribute, Taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Sequence Assembly Tools, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Genes, rRNA, Genome Analysis, Biological Databases, 030104 developmental biology, Metagenomics, RNA, lcsh:Q, Ribosomes, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract: BACKGROUNDPublicly available genomes are crucial for phylogenetic and metagenomic studies, in which contaminating sequences can be the cause of major problems. This issue is expected to be especially important for Cyanobacteria because axenic strains are notoriously difficult to obtain and keep in culture. Yet, despite their great scientific interest, no data are currently available concerning the quality of publicly available cyanobacterial genomes.RESULTSAs reliably detecting contaminants is a complex task, we designed a pipeline combining six methods in a consensus strategy to assess the contamination level of 440 genome assemblies of Cyanobacteria. Two methods are based on published reference databases of ribosomal genes (SSU rRNA 16S and ribosomal proteins), one is indirectly based on a reference database of marker genes (CheckM), and three are based on complete genome analysis. Among those genome-wide methods, Kraken and DIAMOND blastx share the same reference database that we derived from Ensembl Bacteria, whereas CONCOCT does not require any reference database, instead relying on differences in DNA tetramer frequencies. Given that all the six methods appear to have their own strengths and limitations, we used the consensus of their rankings to infer that >5% of cyanobacterial genome assemblies are highly contaminated by foreign DNA (i.e., contaminants were detected by 5 or 6 methods).CONCLUSIONSOur results will help researchers to check the quality of publicly available genomic data before use in their own analyses. Moreover, we argue that journals should make mandatory the submission of raw read data along with genome assemblies in order to facilitate the detection of contaminants in sequence databases.
Published: 2018

41. Derivation and internal validation of a mortality risk index for aged people living with HIV: The Dat'AIDS score

Author: Moustapha Dramé, Maxime Hentzien, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Pascal Pugliese, Clotilde Allavena, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, David Rey, Lise Cuzin, Christine Jacomet, André Cabié, Cyrille Delpierre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Vieillissement, Fragilité (VIEFRA - EA 3797), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service de Maladies Infectieuses [Nice], Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Maladies infectieuses et tropicales dans la Caraïbe (MAITC EA 4537), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université des Antilles (UA)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Coordination régionale de la lutte contre le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine ( COREVIH [Toulouse]), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg (CHU de Strasbourg ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Université des Antilles (UA), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424
Subjects: Male, RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, Cardiovascular Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, Prospective cohort study, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Liver Diseases, Anemia, Epidemiology of Aging, Hematology, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Prognosis, 3. Good health, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Cirrhosis, Medical Microbiology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, Cohort, Female, France, Pathogens, Risk assessment, Viral load, Research Article, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Prognostic variable, Population, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, Internal medicine, Retroviruses, medicine, Humans, education, Microbial Pathogens, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, lcsh:R, Lentivirus, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Co-Infections, Multivariate Analysis, HIV-1, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Q, business, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE:The objective was to develop a multivariable prognostic index for overall mortality over a five-year span integrating classical HIV biomarkers and comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 60 or older.DESIGN:Prospective multicenter cohort study from the French Dat'AIDS cohort.METHODS:All HIV-1 infected patients aged 60 years or older on 1st January 2008 were included. Sociodemographic data, CD4 cell count, CD4 nadir, HIV viral load, history of comorbidities, hepatitis co-infections and laboratory parameters at baseline were considered as potential prognostic variables. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality.RESULTS:Among 1415 patients included, we derived a score comprising the following predictors: Age (65-74: 1 point; ≥75: 8 points), CD4 cell count (200-349: 3 points
Published: 2018

42. Imitation Combined with a Characteristic Stimulus Duration Results in Robust Collective Decision-Making

Author: Sylvain, Toulet, Jacques, Gautrais, Richard, Bon, Fernando, Peruani, Plasma Physics and Plasma Technology Laboratory, Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sheep, Behavior, Animal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Decision Making, lcsh:R, Animals, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, Models, Theoretical, lcsh:Science, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; For group-living animals, reaching consensus to stay cohesive is crucial for their fitness, particularly when collective motion starts and stops. Understanding the decision-making at individual and collective levels upon sudden disturbances is central in the study of collective animal behavior, and concerns the broader question of how information is distributed and evaluated in groups. Despite the relevance of the problem, well-controlled experimental studies that quantify the collective response of groups facing disruptive events are lacking. Here we study the behavior of groups of uninformed individuals subject to the departure and stop of a trained conspecific within small-sized groups. We find that the groups reach an effective consensus: either all uninformed individuals follow the trained one (collective motion occurs) or none does. Combining experiments and a simple mathematical model we show that the observed phenomena results from the interplay between simple mimetic rules and the characteristic duration of the stimulus, here, the time the trained individual is moving away. The proposed mechanism strongly depends on group size, as observed in the experiments, and though group splitting can occur, the most likely outcome is always a coherent collective group response (consensus). The prevalence of a consensus is expected even if the groups of naives face conflicting information, e.g. if groups contain two subgroups of trained individuals, one trained to stay and one trained to leave. Our results indicate that collective decision-making and consensus in (small) animal groups are likely to be self-organized phenomena that do not involve concertation or even communication among the group members.
Published: 2015

43. Cold Atmospheric Plasma Induces a Predominantly Necrotic Cell Death via the Microenvironment

Author: Virard, François, Cousty, Sarah, Cambus, Jean-Pierre, Valentin, Alexis, Kémoun, Philippe, Clément, Franck, UFR d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Fibroblasts / drug effects, Plasma Gases, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, lcsh:R, Fibroblasts / cytology, Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism, lcsh:Medicine, Apoptosis, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Fibroblasts, Apoptosis / drug effects, Necrosis, Atmospheric Pressure, Necrosis / chemically induced, Humans, lcsh:Q, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Cells Cultured, Reactive Oxygen Species, lcsh:Science, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, Research Article, Plasma Gases / pharmacology
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: Cold plasma is a partially ionized gas generated by an electric field at atmospheric pressure that was initially used in medicine for decontamination and sterilization of inert surfaces. There is currently growing interest in using cold plasma for more direct medical applications, mainly due to the possibility of tuning it to obtain selective biological effects in absence of toxicity for surrounding normal tissues. While the therapeutic potential of cold plasma in chronic wound, blood coagulation, and cancer treatment is beginning to be documented, information on plasma/cell interaction is so far limited and controversial. Methods and Results: Using normal primary human fibroblast cultures isolated from oral tissue, we sought to decipher the effects on cell behavior of a proprietary cold plasma device generating guided ionization waves carried by helium. In this model, cold plasma treatment induces a predominantly necrotic cell death. Interestingly, death is not triggered by a direct interaction of the cold plasma with cells, but rather via a transient modification in the microenvironment. We show that modification of the microenvironment redox status suppresses treatment toxicity and protects cells from death. Moreover, necrosis is not accidental and seems to be an active response to an environmental cue, as its execution can be inhibited to rescue cells. Conclusion: These observations will need to be taken into account when studying in vitro plasma/cell interaction and may have implications for the design and future evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this new treatment strategy. © 2015 Virard et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Published: 2015

44. Probing the Functions of Carbohydrate Binding Modules in the CBEL Protein from the Oomycete Phytophthora parasitica

Author: Laurent Heux, Bernard Dumas, Hélène Texier, Elodie Gaulin, Thomas Martinez, Claude Lafitte, Gianluca Cioci, Michael J. O’Donohue, Claire Dumon, Virginie Nahoum, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Gaulin, Elodie, and Dumon, Claire
Subjects: Phytophthora, CAZy, Talaromyces, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Polysaccharide, Cell wall, chemistry.chemical_compound, hydrolyse, Lectins, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Cellulose, lcsh:Science, Triticum, Glycoproteins, Oomycete, chemistry.chemical_classification, MESH: Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / metabolism, trichoderma reesei, Multidisciplinary, Binding Sites, Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases, MESH: Binding Sites Cellulose / metabolism, biology, Hydrolysis, lcsh:R, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Cellulose binding, Protein Structure, Tertiary, acide aminé, chemistry, Biochemistry, polysaccharide, lcsh:Q, MESH: Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / chemistry, Research Article, Protein Binding
Abstract: International audience; Oomycetes are microorganisms that are distantly related to true fungi and many members of this phylum are major plant pathogens. Oomycetes express proteins that are able to interact with plant cell wall polysaccharides, such as cellulose. This interaction is thought to be mediated by carbohydrate-binding modules that are classified into CBM family 1 in the CAZy database. In this study, the two CBMs (1-1 and 1-2) that form part of the cell wall glycoprotein, CBEL, from Phytophthora parasitica have been submitted to detailed characterization, first to better quantify their interaction with cellulose and second to determine whether these CBMs can be useful for biotechnological applications, such as biomass hydrolysis. A variety of biophysical techniques were used to study the interaction of the CBMs with various substrates and the data obtained indicate that CBEL's CBM1-1 exhibits much greater cellulose binding ability than CBM1-2. Engineering of the family 11 xylanase from Talaromyces versatilis (TvXynB), an enzyme that naturally bears a fungal family 1 CBM, has produced two variants. The first one lacks its native CBM, whereas the second contains the CBEL CBM1-1. The study of these enzymes has revealed that wild type TvXynB binds to cellulose, via its CBM1, and that the substitution of its CBM by oomycetal CBM1-1 does not affect its activity on wheat straw. However, intriguingly the addition of CBEL during the hydrolysis of wheat straw actually potentiates the action of TvXynB variant lacking a CBM1. This suggests that the potentiating effect of CBM1-1 might not require the formation of a covalent linkage to TvXynB.
Published: 2015

45. Rare Circulating Cells in Familial Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Displaying the MYD88 L265P Mutation Are Enriched by Epstein-Barr Virus Immortalization

Author: Nicolas Nazaret, Xavier Leleu, Matthieu Foll, Graham Byrnes, James McKay, Laurent Garderet, Charles Dumontet, Perrine Galia, Joël Lachuer, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Maxime Vallée, Maroulio Pertesi, Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), ProfileXpert, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Huriez, Facteurs de persistance des cellules leucémique - Equipe 3 (INSERM U 837), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biostatistics, Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Mutation, Missense, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Germline mutation, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Point Mutation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lymphocytes, Allele, lcsh:Science, Alleles, Cells, Cultured, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Point mutation, lcsh:R, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Middle Aged, Cell Transformation, Viral, medicine.disease, Epstein–Barr virus, Molecular biology, Clone Cells, 3. Good health, Immunoglobulin M, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Immunology, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Female, lcsh:Q, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, Cell Division, Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; The MYD88 L265P is a recurrent somatic mutation in neoplastic cells from patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM). We identified the MYD88 L265P mutation in three individuals from unrelated families, but its presence did not explain the disease segregation within these WM pedigrees. We observed the mutation in these three individuals at high allele fractions in DNA extracted from EBV-immortalized Lymphoblastoid cell lines established from peripheral blood (LCL), but at much lower allele fractions in DNA extracted directly from peripheral blood, suggesting that this mutation is present in a clonal cell subpopulation rather than of germ-line origin. Furthermore, we observed that the MYD88 L265P mutation is enriched in WM families, detected in 40.5% of patients with familial WM or MGUS (10/22 WM, 5/15 MGUS), compared to 3.5% of patients with familial MM or MGUS (0/72 MM, 4/41 MGUS) (p = 10−7). The mutant allele frequency increased with passages in vitro after immortalization with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) consistent with the MYD88 L265P described gain-of-function proposed for this mutation. The MYD88 L265P mutation appears to be frequently present in circulating cells in patients with WM, and MGUS, and these cells are amenable to immortalization by EBV.
Published: 2015

46. Maternal exposure to low levels of corticosterone during lactation protects adult rat progeny against TNBS-induced colitis: A study on GR-mediated anti-inflammatory effect and prokineticin system

Author: Carla Petrella, Maria Broccardo, Veronica Marconi, Cinzia Severini, Vassilia Theodorou, Manuela Zinni, Roberta Lattanzi, Nadia Canu, Chiara Giuli, Paola Casolini, A.R Zuena, Ilaria Fusco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (CNR), Department of System Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, '000126_14_Ateneo 2014 Casolini' grant, Casolini, Paola, Sapienza University of Rome (DIAG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, animal de laboratoire, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Protein Expression, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Glucocorticoid receptor, Reproductive Physiology, Corticosterone, Immune Physiology, Lactation, Medicine and Health Sciences, rat, lcsh:Science, Receptor, Immune Response, corticostérone, Innate Immune System, Multidisciplinary, NF-kappa B, Colitis, Prokineticin, 3. Good health, trouble gastrointestinal, Breast Feeding, medicine.anatomical_structure, Maternal Exposure, Physical Sciences, Cytokines, Female, medicine.symptom, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, pro-inflammatory molecules, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, expérimentation animale, Inflammation, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, lactation, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Settore BIO/09, colonic disease, Gastrointestinal Hormones, 03 medical and health sciences, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Internal medicine, Genetics, Gene Expression and Vector Techniques, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Statistical Methods, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, animal research, laboratory animals, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Analysis of Variance, corticosterone, pro-inflammatory molecules, NFKB, Endocrine Physiology, corticosterone, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Molecular Development, medicine.disease, NFKB, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid, prokineticin system, chemistry, Immune System, colite, lcsh:Q, Breast feeding, Mathematics, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The early phase of life represents a critical period for the development of an organism. Interestingly, early life experiences are able to influence the development of the gastrointestinal tract and the reactivity to colonic inflammatory stress. We recently demonstrated that adult male rats exposed to low doses of corticosterone during lactation (CORT-nursed rats) are protected against experimental colitis induced by the intracolonic infusion of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Based on these interesting results, we wanted to better investigate which cellular actors could be involved in the protection of CORT-nursed rats from TNBS-induced experimental colitis. Therefore, in the present work, we focused our attention on different factors implicated in GR-mediated anti-inflammatory effect. To address this issue, colonic tissues, collected from control and CORT-nursed healthy animals and from control and CORT-nursed colitic rats, were processed and the following inflammatory factors were evaluated: the expression of (i) glucocorticoid receptors (GR), (ii) glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), (iii) phospho-p65NF-kappa B, (iv) the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, (v) the prokineticins PK2 and PK2L and (vi) their receptors PKR1 and PKR2. We found that adult CORT-nursed rats, in comparison to controls, showed increased expression of colonic GR and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, PK2 and PK2L) in response to inflammatory colitis. The observed changes were associated with an increase in GILZ colonic expression and with a reduction in phospo-p65NF-kappa B colonic expression.
Published: 2017

47. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) Gene Family in Eucalyptus grandis

Author: Mondher Bouzayen, Bruno Savelli, Christophe Dunand, Hua Cassan-Wang, Hong Yu, Isabelle Mila, Marçal Soler, Alexander Andrew Myburg, Jorge A. P. Paiva, Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati, Hélène San Clemente, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica - iBET (PORTUGAL), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical - IICT (PORTUGAL), University of Pretoria (SOUTH AFRICA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits (GBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Instituto de Investigaçao Cientifica Tropical, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Régulation et Dynamique de la Formation du Bois, The Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III (UPS), the French Laboratory of Excellence project ‘‘TULIP’’ (ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02) and the Plant KBBE TreeForJoules project (ANR-2010-KBBE-007-01 (FR) and PKBBE/AGR_GPL/0001/2010 (FCT, PT)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Plant Phylogenetics, Plant Evolution, cambial region, woody plant, plant hormone auxin, organogenesis, Organogenesis, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, Plant Genetics, Plant hormone auxin, Biochemistry, Genome, Gene Duplication, Gene duplication, Génétique des plantes, Plant Hormones, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins, Genetics, Eucalyptus, Agroforests, Multidisciplinary, Plant Biochemistry, Protoplasts, Chromosome Mapping, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, food and beverages, Agriculture, Forestry, Phylogenetic Analysis, Genomics, Phylogenetics, Multigene Family, Medicine, Genome, Plant, Research Article, Science, Plants genetics, Biology, Molecular Evolution, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Cambial region, Tobacco, Genome-Wide Association Studies, Vascular cambium, Gene family, Evolutionary Systematics, Gene Prediction, Molecular Biology Techniques, Woody plant, Molecular Biology, Gene, Crop Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Promoter, 15. Life on land, Genome Analysis, Hormones, Organismal Evolution, Gene expression profiling, Auxins, Gene Function, Transcriptome, Agroecology, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; Auxin is a central hormone involved in a wide range of developmental processes including the specification of vascular stem cells. Auxin Response Factors (ARF) are important actors of the auxin signalling pathway, regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes through direct binding to their promoters. The recent availability of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allowed us to examine the characteristics and evolutionary history of this gene family in a woody plant of high economic importance. With 17 members, the E. grandis ARF gene family is slightly contracted, as compared to those of most angiosperms studied hitherto, lacking traces of duplication events. In silico analysis of alternative transcripts and gene truncation suggested that these two mechanisms were preeminent in shaping the functional diversity of the ARF family in Eucalyptus. Comparative phylogenetic analyses with genomes of other taxonomic lineages revealed the presence of a new ARF clade found preferentially in woody and/or perennial plants. High-throughput expression profiling among different organs and tissues and in response to environmental cues highlighted genes expressed in vascular cambium and/or developing xylem, responding dynamically to various environmental stimuli. Finally, this study allowed identification of three ARF candidates potentially involved in the auxin-regulated transcriptional program underlying wood formation.
Published: 2014

48. Cell Cycle Modulation by Marek’s Disease Virus: The Tegument Protein VP22 Triggers S-Phase Arrest and DNA Damage in Proliferating Cells

Author: Laëtitia Trapp-Fragnet, Gladys Mirey, Caroline Denesvre, Danièle Chabanne-Vautherot, Jean-François Vautherot, Sylvie Rémy, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Yves Le Vern, Djihad Bencherit, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Contaminants & Stress Cellulaire (ToxAlim-COMICS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génotoxicité & Signalisation (ToxAlim-GS), European Society for Veterinary Virology (ESVV)., Trapp-Fragnet, Laëtitia, Ligue contre le Cancer du Grand-Ouest, Indre et Loire, Vendee, European Society for Virology., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Cell cycle checkpoint, Mardivirus, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Poultry, S Phase, Histones, Tegument Proteins, Molecular Cell Biology, Basic Cancer Research, Medicine and Health Sciences, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, Cancer Risk Factors, Microbiology and Parasitology, Agriculture, Cell cycle, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Protein Transport, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Diseases, Oncology, Cell Processes, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, virus maladie de marek, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, Subcellular Fractions, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Livestock, Viral and Bacterial Causes of Cancer, DNA repair, Biology, Viral Structure, Microbiology, Cell Line, Viral Proteins, Virology, DNA-binding proteins, medicine, Marek Disease, Animals, Cell Proliferation, Cell Nucleus, Marek's disease, Biology and life sciences, Cell growth, lcsh:R, Host Cells, Organisms, protéine de tégument, Proteins, DNA, Cell Biology, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Veterinary Virology, biology.organism_classification, Epstein–Barr virus, cycle cellulaire, Viral Replication, Viral replication, Viruses and Cancer, lcsh:Q, Veterinary Science, Carcinogenesis, DNA viruses, Chickens, Viral Transmission and Infection, DNA Damage
Abstract: International audience; Marek's disease is one of the most common viral diseases of poultry affecting chicken flocks worldwide. The disease is caused by an alphaherpesvirus, the Marek's disease virus (MDV), and is characterized by the rapid onset of multifocal aggressive T-cell lymphoma in the chicken host. Although several viral oncogenes have been identified, the detailed mechanisms underlying MDV-induced lymphomagenesis are still poorly understood. Many viruses modulate cell cycle progression to enhance their replication and persistence in the host cell, in the case of some oncogenic viruses ultimately leading to cellular transformation and oncogenesis. In the present study, we found that MDV, like other viruses, is able to subvert the cell cycle progression by triggering the proliferation of low proliferating chicken cells and a subsequent delay of the cell cycle progression into S-phase. We further identified the tegument protein VP22 (pUL49) as a major MDV-encoded cell cycle regulator, as its vector-driven overexpression in cells lead to a dramatic cell cycle arrest in S-phase. This striking functional feature of VP22 appears to depend on its ability to associate with histones in the nucleus. Finally, we established that VP22 expression triggers the induction of massive and severe DNA damages in cells, which might cause the observed intra S-phase arrest. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for a hitherto unknown function of the VP22 tegument protein in herpesviral reprogramming of the cell cycle of the host cell and its potential implication in the generation of DNA damages.
Published: 2014

49. Direct Evidences for Sympathetic Hyperactivity and Baroreflex Impairment in Tako Tsubo Cardiopathy

Author: Olivier Lairez, Jean-Michel Senard, Marc Labrunee, Angelica Vaccaro, Murray D. Esler, Gavin W. Lambert, Fabien Despas, Michel Galinier, Atul Pathak, Elisabeth Lambert, Thibaut Guiraud, Clément Delmas, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute-Monash University [Clayton], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service Pharmacologie Clinique [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], and Simon, Marie Francoise
Subjects: Male, Sympathetic nervous system, Sympathetic Nervous System, Physiology, Epidemiology, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Physiology, Nervous System, Interquartile range, Heart Rate, Integrative Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Ejection fraction, Systems Biology, Muscles, Microneurography, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Design, Anesthesia, Blood Circulation, Female, Anatomy, Cardiomyopathies, Research Article, Clinical Research Design, Science, Cardiology, Baroreflex, Autonomic Nervous System, Research and Analysis Methods, Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology, Diagnostic Medicine, Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Heart rate, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology, Heart Failure, business.industry, Acute Cardiovascular Problems, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Heart failure, Case-Control Studies, Cardiovascular Anatomy, business
Abstract: BackgroundThe exact pathophysiology of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) remains unknown but a role for sympathetic hyperactivity has been suggested. Up to now, no direct evidence of sympathetic nerve hyperactivity has been established nor involvement of sympathetic baroreflex identified. The aim of our study was to determine, by direct sympathetic nerve activity (SNS) recording if sympathetic nervous system activity is increased and spontaneous baroreflex control of sympathetic activity reduced in patients with TTC.MethodsWe included 13 patients who presented with TTC and compared their SNS activity and spontaneous baroreflex control of sympathetic activity with that of 13 control patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. SNS activity was evaluated by microneurography, a technique assessing muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Spontaneous baroreflex control of sympathetic activity was evaluated as the absolute value of the slope of the regression line representing the relationship between spontaneous diastolic blood pressure values and concomitant SNS activity. Control patients were matched for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction and creatinine clearance.ResultsThe mean age of the patients with TTC was 80 years, all patients were women. There were no significant differences between the two groups of patients for blood pressure, heart rate or oxygen saturation level. TTC patients presented a significant increase in sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA median 63.3 bursts/min [interquartile range 61.3 to 66.0] vs median 55.7 bursts/min [interquartile range 51.0 to 61.7]; p = 0.0089) and a decrease in spontaneous baroreflex control of sympathetic activity compared to matched control patients (spontaneous baroreflex control of sympathetic activity median 0.7%burst/mmHg [interquartile range 0.4 to 1.9] vs median 2.4%burst/mmHg [interquartile range 1.8 to 2.9]; p = 0.005).ConclusionsWe report for the first time, through direct measurement of sympathetic nerve activity, that patients with TTC exhibit elevated SNS activity associated with a decrease in spontaneous baroreflex control of sympathetic activity. These data may explain the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of patient with TTC.
Published: 2014

50. Extensive Expression Differences along Porcine Small Intestine Evidenced by Transcriptome Sequencing

Author: Gaetan Lemonnier, Claire Chevaleyre, Patricia Lepage, Diane Esquerre, Mustapha Berri, Isabelle P. Oswald, Núria Mach, Yvon Billon, Jordi Estellé, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Joël Doré, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biosynthèse & Toxicité des Mycotoxines (ToxAlim-BioToMyc), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Toxicologie Alimentaire (UTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique ( UR IASP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire ( LGC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Génétique animale ( G.A. ) -Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage ( PHASE ) -Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants ( GenESI ), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé humaine ( MICALIS ), Toxicologie Alimentaire ( UTA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Male, appareil intestinal, Anatomy and Physiology, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, duodenum, Genetic Networks, Global Health, Transcriptomes, Jejunum, Transcriptome, Peyer's Patches, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, Intestine, Small, Cluster Analysis, Animal Management, Animal biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, analyse statistique, Gene Ontologies, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Genomics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Veterinary Informatics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Small Intestine, Algorithms, expression des gènes, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Science, Immunology, Ileum, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Biology, digestive system, Molecular Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome Analysis Tools, Biologie animale, medicine, Genetics, Animals, Gene Regulation, jejunum, Gene Networks, 030304 developmental biology, Inflammation, Models, Statistical, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sequence Analysis, RNA, Gene Expression Profiling, Computational Biology, Molecular biology, Small intestine, étude transcriptomique, ileon, Gene expression profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Immune System, Duodenum, Veterinary Science, Gene Function, Biomarkers, Software, porc
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse gene expression along the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and in the ileal Peyer's patches in four young pigs with no clinical signs of disease by transcriptome sequencing. Multidimensional scaling evidenced that samples clustered by tissue type rather than by individual, thus prefiguring a relevant scenario to draw tissue-specific gene expression profiles. Accordingly, 1,349 genes were found differentially expressed between duodenum and jejunum, and up to 3,455 genes between duodenum and ileum. Additionally, a considerable number of differentially expressed genes were found by comparing duodenum (7,027 genes), jejunum (6,122 genes), and ileum (6,991 genes) with ileal Peyer's patches tissue. Functional analyses revealed that most of the significant differentially expressed genes along small intestinal tissues were involved in the regulation of general biological processes such as cell development, signalling, growth and proliferation, death and survival or cell function and maintenance. These results suggest that the intrinsic large turnover of intestinal tissues would have local specificities at duodenum, ileum and jejunum. In addition, in concordance with their biological function, enteric innate immune pathways were overrepresented in ileal Peyer's patches. The reported data provide an expression map of the cell pathway variation in the different small intestinal tissues. Furthermore, expression levels measured in healthy individuals could help to understand changes in gene expression that occur in dysbiosis or pathological states.
Published: 2014

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