1. A distribution model for Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni in Southern Mozambique, Eswatini and South Africa for enhanced area-wide integrated pest management approaches
- Author
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Laure Guerrini, Moeti O. Taioe, Luis Neves, Gert J. Venter, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Ahmadou Hamady Dicko, Fernando Chanisso Mulandane, Jérémy Bouyer, Jerome Ntshangase, Sihle Mdluli, Chantel J. de Beer, Percy Moyaba, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme - Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research [Onderstepoort, South Africa] (ARC-OVR), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eduardo Mondlane University, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
- Subjects
Integrated pest management ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,RC955-962 ,Species distribution ,Distribution (economics) ,Disease Vectors ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,Geographical Locations ,South Africa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,Abundance (ecology) ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Organisme nuisible aux animaux ,Mozambique ,Conservation Science ,2. Zero hunger ,Protozoans ,Mammals ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Lutte intégrée antimaladie ,Ecology ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Vegetation ,Ruminants ,Insects ,Geography ,Vecteur de maladie ,Infectious Diseases ,Habitat ,Vertebrates ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,L74 - Troubles divers des animaux ,L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux ,Research Article ,Trypanosoma ,Glossina ,Arthropoda ,Tsetse Fly ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Cattle Diseases ,Glossina austeni ,Insect Control ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bovines ,Animals ,14. Life underwater ,education ,Transmission des maladies ,Ecosystem ,business.industry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales ,15. Life on land ,Invertebrates ,Glossinidae ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Insect Vectors ,Species Interactions ,People and Places ,Africa ,Amniotes ,Cattle ,business ,Animal Distribution ,Eswatini ,Zoology ,Entomology - Abstract
Background Glossina austeni and Glossina brevipalpis (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the sole cyclical vectors of African trypanosomes in South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique. These populations represent the southernmost distribution of tsetse flies on the African continent. Accurate knowledge of infested areas is a prerequisite to develop and implement efficient and cost-effective control strategies, and distribution models may reduce large-scale, extensive entomological surveys that are time consuming and expensive. The objective was to develop a MaxEnt species distribution model and habitat suitability maps for the southern tsetse belt of South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique. Methodology/Principal findings The present study used existing entomological survey data of G. austeni and G. brevipalpis to develop a MaxEnt species distribution model and habitat suitability maps. Distribution models and a checkerboard analysis indicated an overlapping presence of the two species and the most suitable habitat for both species were protected areas and the coastal strip in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa and Maputo Province, Mozambique. The predicted presence extents, to a small degree, into communal farming areas adjacent to the protected areas and coastline, especially in the Matutuíne District of Mozambique. The quality of the MaxEnt model was assessed using an independent data set and indicated good performance with high predictive power (AUC > 0.80 for both species). Conclusions/Significance The models indicated that cattle density, land surface temperature and protected areas, in relation with vegetation are the main factors contributing to the distribution of the two tsetse species in the area. Changes in the climate, agricultural practices and land-use have had a significant and rapid impact on tsetse abundance in the area. The model predicted low habitat suitability in the Gaza and Inhambane Provinces of Mozambique, i.e., the area north of the Matutuíne District. This might indicate that the southern tsetse population is isolated from the main tsetse belt in the north of Mozambique. The updated distribution models will be useful for planning tsetse and trypanosomosis interventions in the area., Author summary The two tsetse species transmitting nagana in South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique represent the southernmost distribution of this genus on the African continent. Distribution models were developed to support tsetse control. These models indicated that the main factors contributing to tsetse distribution in the area are the presence of host animals, variation in climate and vegetation mostly observed in protected areas, agricultural practises and land-use also had a significant and rapid impact on tsetse abundance in the area. Application of the model to areas north of the southern distribution predict a low presence of suitable habitats in the Gaza and Inhambane Provinces of Mozambique, thereby indicating that this southern population is geographically isolated from the main tsetse belt starting in the north of Mozambique.
- Published
- 2021