1. Incidence dynamics and investigation of key interventions in a dengue outbreak in Ningbo City, China
- Author
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Shuli Jiao, Yi-Chen Chiang, Lei Xie, Jing-An Cui, Bo Yi, Tianmu Chen, Keqin Ding, Benhua Zhao, Yanhua Su, Rong Wang, Soi-Fan Chan, Haibin Wang, Yi Chen, Xuying Lao, Dongliang Zhang, Jia Rui, Jia Li, Xiao Ma, and Guozhang Xu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,RNA viruses ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Life Cycles ,Mosquito Control ,Epidemiology ,Attack rate ,RC955-962 ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Dengue virus ,Disease Vectors ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Mosquitoes ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,law.invention ,Dengue fever ,Disease Outbreaks ,Dengue ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Larvae ,law ,Aedes ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Simulation and Modeling ,Incidence ,Eukaryota ,Middle Aged ,Curve Fitting ,Insects ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Female ,Pathogens ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,Adult ,China ,Aedes albopictus ,Infectious Disease Control ,Arthropoda ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Mosquito Vectors ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Animals ,Humans ,Cities ,education ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Aged ,Flaviviruses ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Outbreak ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Dengue Virus ,Models, Theoretical ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,Insect Vectors ,Species Interactions ,030104 developmental biology ,Communicable Disease Control ,Epidemiologic Methods ,Mathematical Functions ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background The reported incidence of dengue fever increased dramatically in recent years in China. This study aimed to investigate and to assess the effectiveness of intervention implemented in a dengue outbreak in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China. Methods Data of a dengue outbreak were collected in Ningbo City in China by a field epidemiological survey according to a strict protocol and case definition. Serum specimens of all cases were collected for diagnosis and the virological characteristics were detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing. Vector surveillance was implemented during the outbreak to collect the larva and adult mosquito densities to calculate the Breteau Index (BI) and human biting rate (HBR), respectively. Data of monthly BI and light-trap density in 2018 were built to calculate the seasonality of the vector. A transmission mathematical model was developed to dynamic the incidence of the disease. The parameters of the model were estimated by the data of the outbreak and vector surveillance data in 2018. The effectiveness of the interventions implemented during the outbreak was assessed by the data and the modelling. Results From 11 August to 8 September, 2018, a dengue outbreak was reported with 27 confirmed cases in a population of 5536-people community (community A) of Ningbo City. Whole E gene sequences were obtained from 24 cases and were confirmed as dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1). The transmission source of the outbreak was origin from community B where a dengue case having the same E gene sequence was onset on 30 July. Aedes albopictus was the only vector species in the area. The value of BI and HBR was 57.5 and 12 per person per hour respectively on 18 August, 2018 and decreased dramatically after interventions. The transmission model fitted well (χ2 = 6.324, P = 0.388) with the reported cases data. With no intervention, the total simulated number of the cases would be 1728 with a total attack rate (TAR) of 31.21% (95%CI: 29.99%– 32.43%). Case isolation and larva control (LC) have almost the same TAR and duration of outbreak (DO) as no intervention. Different levels of reducing HBR (rHBR) had different effectiveness with TARs ranging from 1.05% to 31.21% and DOs ranging from 27 days to 102 days. Adult vector control (AVC) had a very low TAR and DO. “LC+AVC” had a similar TAR and DO as that of AVC. “rHBR100%+LC”, “rHBR100%+AVC”, “rHBR100%+LC+AVC” and “rHBR100%+LC+AVC+Iso” had the same effectiveness. Conclusions Without intervention, DENV-1 could be transmitted rapidly within a short period of time and leads to high attack rate in community in China. AVC or rHBR should be recommended as primary interventions to control rapid transmission of the dengue virus at the early stage of an outbreak., Author summary Dengue has led to heavy disease burden in China. The reported incidence of the disease increased dramatically in recent years and cases have expanded from southern to central and northern part of China. In this study, the findings include that DENV-1 can transmit rapidly with a short period of time and leads to high attack rate in community, and that rHBR or AVC should be recommended as primary interventions to control rapid transmission of dengue virus at the early stage of an outbreak. Therefore, dengue outbreak is at high risk in many areas in China because of the potential high receptivity (widely distribution of Ae. albopictus) and vulnerability (high frequency of the importation) of the transmission. The high transmissibility of the virus makes it hard and urgent to control the outbreak. Delayed intervention (larvae control or case isolation) is hard to show its effectiveness and the interventions without delay are strongly recommended. Bed net or mosquito repellents were encouraged to use in the community to reduce HBR, and space spraying of insecticides were recommended to control adult vector during the outbreak.
- Published
- 2019