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Electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) has been numerically simulated in magnetic islands caused by neo-classical tearing modes. The electron drift orbits are tracked with the Coulomb collisions and the quasi-linear diffusion by EC waves, which are simulated by the Monte-Carlo method. The EC resonance region is assumed to be located around the O-point and localized in the toroidal direction. The driven current is well confined in the helical flux tube which includes the EC resonance region. The driven current channel looks like a 'snake' in real space. As the results of the ECCD with 10 MW in a plasma with ne = 3 × 1019 m[?]3 and Te = 10 keV, the current drive efficiency is about 1.6 times higher than that of an axi-symmetric plasma with no magnetic island. The driven current profile tends to peak around the O-point with increasing EC wave power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To predict the heat and particle controllability in the divertor of tokamak reactors and to optimize the divertor design, comprehensive simulations by integrated modeling allowing for various physical processes are indispensable. SOL/divertor codes have been developed in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency for the interpretation and the prediction of behaviour of SOL/divertor plasmas, neutrals and impurities. The code system consists of the two-dimensional fluid code SOLDOR, the neutral Monte-Carlo (MC) code NEUT2D and the impurity MC code IMPMC. Their integration code 'SONIC' is almost completed and examined to simulate self-consistently the SOL/divertor plasmas in JT-60U. In order to establish the physics modelling used in fluid simulations, the particle simulation code PARASOL has also been developed.Simulation studies using those codes have progressed with the analysis of JT-60U experiments and the divertor designing of JT-60SA (modification program of JT-60U). The X-point multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge in the JT-60U experiment is simulated. It is found that the deep penetration of chemically sputtered carbon at the dome causes the large radiation peaking near the X-point. The pumping capability of JT-60SA is evaluated through the simulation. A guideline to enhance the pumping efficiency is obtained in terms of the exhaust slot width and the strike point distance. Transient behaviour of SOL/divertor plasmas after an ELM crash is characterized by the PARASOL simulation; the fast-time-scale heat transport is affected by collisions while the slow-time-scale behaviour is affected by the recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detached divertor is considered a solution for the heat control in magnetic-confinement fusion reactors. Numerical simulations using the comprehensive divertor codes based on the plasma fluid modeling are indispensable for the design of the detached divertor in future reactors. Since the agreement in the results between detached-divertor experiments and simulations has been rather fair but not satisfactory, further improvement of the modeling is required. The kinetic effect is one of key issues for improving the modeling. Complete kinetic behaviors are able to be simulated by the kinetic modeling. In this paper at first, major kinetic effects in edge plasma and detached divertor are listed. One of the most powerful kinetic models, particle-in-cell (PIC) model, is described in detail. Several results of PIC simulations of edge-plasma kinetic natures are presented. Future works on PIC modeling and simulation for the deeper understanding of edge plasma and detached divertor are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]