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A combination of the Fourier transform and the maximum entropy method for estimating the frequency-wavenumber resolved power spectrum density is proposed. After illustrating the physical insight of the maximum entropy method by using synthetic test data, capability of the proposed method is tested using numerical simulation data. The method is also applied to experimental data obtained by the beam emission spectroscopy in the Large Helical Device. All of those examinations show that the proposed method provides more plausible results than conventional methods when the available spatial points are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of ion velocity distributions in magnetized plasmas is studied under conditions where the plasma has an E0 × B/B2-drift with respect to a neutral background. Charge–exchange collisions can give rise to velocity distributions having the form of a ring or a loss-cone that can become linearly unstable. Sometimes the distributions have distorted forms and a stability analysis is not straightforward. Numerical simulations offer the most convenient method of a stability analysis in such cases. By numerical simulations using a particle-in-cell code that includes collisional interactions we demonstrate the formation of such velocity distributions and study the instabilities associated with them. We observe the saturation of the linear instability by quasi-linear velocity space diffusion. The parameter dependence of the instability conditions is illustrated by examples. The results are relevant for explaining some of the low frequency oscillations observed in the lower parts of the Earth's ionosphere (E- and F-regions), where collisions with neutrals are abundant. The results are important for laboratory experiments as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative reproduction of selected micro-, meso- and macro-scale transport phenomena as measured in the FT-2 tokamak is reached by Elmfire global full-f nonlinear gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulation predictions. A detailed agreement with mean equilibrium flows, oscillating fine-scale zonal flows and turbulence radial correlation length observed by a set of sophisticated microwave backscattering techniques, as well as a good fit of the thermal diffusivity data in the central and gradient region of discharge are demonstrated. Both the shift and the broadening of the power spectrum of synthetic and experimental Doppler reflectometry diagnostics have been found to overlap perfectly at various radial positions, indicating similar rotation and spreading of the selected density fluctuations. At the same time similar radial electric field dynamics, spatial structure and outward geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) propagation have been observed by comparisons of the probability distribution function, the dominant frequency, the coherence and the cross-phase of the simulated and experimentally measured radial electric field fluctuations, identifying the turbulent driven GAM as a key contributor to the observed strong temporal variation of the radial electric field affected by impurity ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser pulses facilitate multiphoton contributions to the trident pair production , where the label L indicates a laser field dressed electron (e−) or positron (e+ ). We isolate the impact of the pulse envelope in the trident S matrix element, formulated within the Furry picture, in leading order of a series expansion in the classical nonlinearity parameter a0. Generally, the Fourier transform of the envelope carries the information on the pulse length, which becomes an easily tractable function in the case of a pulse envelope. The transition to a monochromatic laser wave can be handled in a transparent manner, as also the onset of bandwidth effects for short pulses can be factorized out and studied separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of kinetic theory along with self-consistent field equations, the expressions for dielectric tensor of radially inhomogeneous magnetized plasma columns are obtained. The study of dielectric tensor characteristics allows the accurate analysis of the inhomogeneous properties, beyond limitations that exist in the conventional method. Through the Bessel–Fourier transformation, the localized form of material equations in a radially inhomogeneous medium are obtained. In order to verify the integrity of the model and reveal the effect of inhomogeneity, a special case of a cylindrical plasma waveguide completely filled with inhomogeneous magnetized cold plasma was considered. The dispersion relation curves for four families of electromagnetic (EH and HE) and electrostatic (SC and C) modes are obtained and compared with the findings of the conventional model. The numerical analysis indicates that the inhomogeneity effect leads to coupling of electromagnetic and electrostatic modes each having different radial eigen numbers. The study also reveals that the electrostatic modes are more sensitive to inhomogeneous effects than the electromagnetic modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system for plasma turbulence tomography has been developed in a linear cylindrical plasma as a prototype with aiming at future application on toroidal plasma of higher temperature. This paper describes the diagnostic system in both aspects of the soft- and hardware, and reports the first results of tomographic reconstruction that can successfully produce local emission and its fluctuations. In the reconstruction process, two dimensional view of plasma is obtained for approximately 0.6 ms in every sampling time of 1 μs using parallel processing of 120 cores with 10 personal computers. The results include the steady state analysis of local fluctuation power spectra using fast Fourier transform, analysis of temporal behavior of fluctuation power spectra with wavelet transform, and analyses of the structural deformation or pattern of local plasma emission, demonstrating that the success of tomography as a promising diagnostic tool for plasma turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, the best results for real-time disruption prediction on the Joint European Torus (JET) have been achieved with the Advanced Predictor of Disruptions (APODIS). APODIS is a data-driven system whose latest version has been implemented in JET's real time-data network. It has been designed for the real-time analysis of features (mean and frequency values) corresponding to seven plasma signals in order to foresee upcoming disruptions. In this article, non-linear regression techniques are applied to create (off-line) signal models. The models are able to generate (in real-time) ‘synthetic’ signals. Therefore, these ‘synthetic’ signals can be used to replace the original ones in cases where they are in error or missing. APODIS has been tested under these conditions, emulating real-time operation. The simulation results demonstrate that once a signal in error is replaced by the generated ‘synthetic’ one, APODIS performance is considerably improved. The development of the regression models and the implications of the results are detailed and discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]