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Physalis peruviana is a native plant from the South American Andes and is widely used in traditional Colombian medicine of as an antiinflammatory medicinal plant, specifically the leaves, calyces, and small stems in poultice form. Previous studies performed by our group on P. peruviana calyces showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in an enriched fraction obtained from an ether total extract. The objective of the present study was to obtain and elucidate the active compounds from this fraction and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro. The enriched fraction of P peruviana was purified by several chromatographic methods to obtain an inseparable mixture of two new sucrose esters named peruviose A (1) and peruviose B (2). Structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. The anti-inflammatory activity of the peruvioses mixture was evaluated using A-carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and lipopolysaccharide-activated peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that the peruvioses did not produce side effects on the liver and kidneys and significantly attenuated the inflammation induced by A-carrageenan in a dosage-dependent manner, probably due to an inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, which was demonstrated in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of sucrose esters in P. peruviana that showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggest the potential of sucrose esters from the Physalis genus as a novel natural alternative to treat inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify and elucidate the vasorelaxant activity of echinacoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the medicinal herb Cistanche tubulosa, and its possible underlying mechanism on isolated rat thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 �M) and KCl (60 mM). Echinacoside (30–300 �M) exhibited an acute relaxation in endothelium-intact rings in a concentration-dependent manner, while this relaxation was significantly inhibited in endothelium-denuded condition and in the presence of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L‐NNA, 100 �M), an unselective soluble guanylate cyclase blocker, methylene blue (10 �M), the selective sGC inhibitor 1H-[1, 2, 4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1 �M); in addition, atropine (1 �M), a selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, partially affected the relaxation. However, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 �M) had no influence on the action. Echinacoside enhanced the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production in aortic rings contracted with PE. These results indicate for the first time that echinacoside mediates the endothelium-dependent vasodilator action in rat thoracic aortic rings through nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation of the inner bark of Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb was carried out by various chromatographic techniques, resulting in the isolation and characterization of eight new iridoid esters, namely Avelladoids A-H (1-8). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D NMR experiments and HRMS data. The anti-inflammatory effects of 1-8 were determined on an LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line. Among them, compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibition of NO and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, without altering cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new terpenes (1-5) and ten known compounds (6-15) were isolated from Inula japonica, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 3 and 14 showed positive inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Furthermore, compound 14 suppressed both leukotriene C4 synthesis and degranulation in c-kit ligand-induced bone marrow-derived mast cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]