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Each season, crops face simultaneous or successive multiple infections. Yet cultivar resistance is often bred against one pest at a time, and screened under single infections. This raises the question of resistance expression bred under mono‐infections when exposed to multiple infections. We tackled this question by measuring the level of quantitative resistance of potato cultivars to either Globodera pallida or Phytophthora infestans under single or multiple infections, using potato virus Y (PVY) or Rhizoctonia solani as the co‐infector. Overall, co‐infection resulted in less multiplication of the target pathogen compared to single infection, although this reduction did not always reach statistical significance. A preliminary assessment of defence gene expression in plants infected with P. infestans alone or together with PVY or R. solani suggested that P. infestans repressed defence genes previously triggered by PVY, but boosted the expression of these genes when primed by R. solani. Together, these data support the view that resistance expression is impacted by co‐infection, and that it should be screened under multiple infection situations to be best assessed and exploited as a component of Integrated Pest Management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The One Health conceptual framework was designed and developed to highlight and investigate the interconnections between human and animal health, and to understand their dependence on the state of their environment (e.g., Gebreyes et al., 2014). HIDDEN TREASURES AND OPEN QUESTIONS IN AN EXTENDED ONE HEALTH FRAMEWORK Hidden treasures Considering plants and plant health as a component of One Health equivalent to medical or veterinary health offers several advantages. REPRESENTING ONE HEATH: FROM SIMPLE TRIANGLE TO NESTED TETRAHEDRONS Plant pathologists are familiar with a form of disease representation known as the disease triangle, which in a way mirrors the One Health triad. We believe that extending One Health boundaries to include plant pathology as a core factor (in the same way as human and veterinary medicine), and investigating the deep relationships between plant, human, and animal health will strengthen and expand this very rich conceptual framework, and will eventually provide a truly holistic view of heath interactions and interdependence in the biosphere: a true One Health approach. [Extracted from the article]