1. Genetics of non-syndromic and syndromic oculocutaneous albinism in human and mouse
- Author
-
Ana Guardia, Tamio Suzuki, Lluis Montoliu, Almudena Fernández, Masahiro Hayashi, Gema Garrido, and Andrea Montero
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Ocular albinism ,Dermatology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Melanin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dysgenesis ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetics ,Melanins ,business.industry ,Chédiak–Higashi syndrome ,Syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Oculocutaneous albinism ,eye diseases ,Hypoplasia ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Albinism, Oculocutaneous ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Albinism ,sense organs ,Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome ,business - Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is the most frequent presentation of albinism, a heterogeneous rare genetic condition generally associated with variable alterations in pigmentation and with a profound visual impairment. There are non-syndromic and syndromic types of OCA, depending on whether the gene product affected impairs essentially the function of melanosomes or, in addition, that of other lysosome-related organelles (LROs), respectively. Syndromic OCA can be more severe and associated with additional systemic consequences, beyond pigmentation and vision alterations. In addition to OCA, albinism can also be presented without obvious skin and hair pigmentation alterations, in ocular albinism (OA), and a related genetic condition known as foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects, and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA). In this review, we will focus only in the genetics of skin pigmentation in OCA, both in human and mouse, updating our current knowledge on this subject.
- Published
- 2021