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Vieira, Fábio C.S., Sobral, Marcos, Mazine, Fiorella F., Longen, Fábio (2022): Myrcia garuvana (Myrtaceae) a new species from Santa Catarina, Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 254-258, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.9

Eugenia leucogyna, Myrcia acutisepala and M. pirapama are proposed as new species, described and illustrated; additionally, conservation status is proposed for them. Eugenia leucogyna, from the northern Brazilian state of Pará, is related to E. egensis, but differs by its indumentum; Myrcia acutisepala, from rocky fields from the southeastern state of Minas Gerais, is close to M. eriocalyx, but differs by its glabrous leaves and longer sepals; and M. pirapama, also from rocky fields from Minas Gerais, is related to M. hebepetala, but differs by its leaves with longer petioles and shorter blades and acute and larger sepals.

Eugenia is an important genus of Brazilian Myrtaceae due to its representativity, ecological and economic aspects. During a study on the taxonomy of Eugenia for the “Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo” project, some names in need of nomenclatural and taxonomic changes were identified. A new name, and six new synonyms are herein presented, as well as the designation of ten lectotypes, two epitypes, one neotype, and the elucidation of a not validly published name, including a discussion of each case.

Recent phylogenetic and taxonomic studies resulted in the synonymization of Marlierea into Myrcia. This paper aims to transfer the last Marlierea species to their correct genera, which include not only taxa belonging to Myrcia, but also to Eugenia, Plinia and Siphoneugena. Five new combinations are proposed: Eugenia choriophylla, based on Marlierea choriophylla; Myrcia resupinata, based on Myrtus resupinata; Plinia parvifolia, based on Marlierea parvifolia; Plinia sessiliflora, based on Marlierea sessiliflora; and Siphoneugena martinellii, based on Marlierea martinellii. Two new names are proposed: Myrcia rufopilosa, replacing Myrtus rufa; and Myrcia sintenisiana, replacing Marlierea sintenisii. A new synonym is proposed, Marlierea cordata under Eugenia hirta. Three names, Marlierea capitata, Marlierea involucrata and Marlierea occhionii remain as incertae saedis, and, additionally, we have listed two nomina nuda referenced in the literature as Marlierea.

There are described and illustrated Eugenia andiraana, E. libens, Myrcia iranduba, M. javariana, M. piptocalyx and Plinia rufiflora, all from Amazonian Brazil; additionally, affinities and conservation issues are discussed for each species. Eugenia andiraana, from the state of Acre, is morphologically related to E. minuscula, differing by its pilose, longer blades; E. libens, from the state of Roraima, is related to E. callichroma, but has wider blades, persisting bracteoles and locules of the ovary with less ovules; M. iranduba is related, between others, to M. inaequiloba, but differs by its scarcely reticulated blades with acute or shortly acuminate apex and inflorescences with deciduous bracts; Myrcia javariana, from the state of Amazonas, is related to M. megapaniculata, but differs by its winged twigs, narrower blades and applanate inflorescences; M. piptocalyx, from Acre, is related to M. splendens but differs by its blades with larger glandular dots and deciduous calyx lobes, and Plinia rufiflora, from the state of Pará, is related to P. costata, but has blades with midvein and lateral veins raised on both sides and flowers with rufescent trichomes.

Here are described and illustrated Eugenia quiriri and Myrceugenia basicordata, from the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, and Eugenia krapovickasiana is included in the synonymy of E. angelyana. Eugenia quiriri is morphologically related to Eugenia neotristis, but differs by its pilose twigs and blades and visibly pedicellate flowers. Myrceugenia basicordata is close to M. miersiana, but differs by its shorter petioles, oblong blades with sometimes cordiform base and ovaries with two locules. Additionally, conservation status is discussed for these species.

Myrciaria (Myrtaceae) species are distributed exclusively in the New World and the genus presents its highest diversity in Brazil, particularly in the Atlantic Forest domain. Myrciaria alta, from the montane region of southeastern Brazil, is herein described, illustrated, and compared to its closest related species, Myrciaria glomerata. Moreover, data on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation are provided.

Two species of Eugenia from the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest of Bahia and Espírito Santo are here described. Eugenia atlantica is most similar to E. bahiensis from which differs by its leaf blades usually larger, 80–180 × 35–70 mm, and chartaceous, inflorescence mostly axillary, flower buds with hypanthium costate to slightly costate and calyx lobes completely fused or partially fused along two thirds of the bud length. Eugenia soteriana is related with E. zuccarinii but differs mostly by the leaves with two marginal veins, inflorescence fasciculate more often recovering the vegetative growth by an auxotelic axis, bracteoles larger, 2–6 mm long, deciduous after anthesis, and flowers with larger outermost calyx lobes, 1.5–3 mm long. Descriptions, species distribution, habitat, phenology, vernacular names, illustrations, comparisons to other morphologically similar species, and conservation assessments are also provided.

There are described and illustrated Myrcia caloneura, M. oreophila, M. sticta and M. tarauacana. Myrcia caloneura, from the states of Amazonas and Pará, is related to M. rugosior, but differs by its adult glabrescent blades and tetramerous flowers; M. oreophila, from the state of Roraima,is related to M. aegiphiloides, but has pilose, loosely reticulate blades and pilose flowers; M. sticta, from the state of Amazonas, is close to M. splendens, but has blades with rounded to cordate base and larger and easily visible glandular dots, and M. tarauacana is related to M. aequatoriensis and M. crassimarginata but has shorter blades and longer inflorescences. Conservation status of each species is also suggested.

Myrcia auriculata, a new species from the Atlantic rainforest of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically congruent with Myrcia sect. Sympodiomyrcia and is apparently related to M. truncata, differing in its auriculate leaf base, shorter inflorescences and four calyx lobes. Additionally, a distribution map and conservation assessments based on IUCN criteria are provided.

Eugenia velutifolia is a new species of Myrtaceae from the Cerrado of São Paulo state, Brazil, which is here described, illustrated and compared morphologically with three similar species, E. bimarginata, E. livida and E. suberosa. It differs mainly from those species by the velutinous indumentum on both sides of the leaf blade and twigs, also by the larger sepals.

The American genus Myrcia De Candolle (1827: 406) comprises about 850 species (Lucas et al. 2018), from which about 260 occur in Brazil (BFG 2015). Along the examination of some unidentified specimens we spotted a singular Myrcia from southeastern Brazil that we here propose as new. Herbaria are cited according to Thiers (2018); measurements are in the order length × width, and when only one measurement is presented it refers to length except otherwise stated.

Eugenia breviacuminata, E. campina, E. longa, E. marieensis, E. rhytidocalyx and E. tovomita, all from the northern Brazilian state of Amazonas, are here described and illustrated; E. campina also occurs in the Brazilian state of Pará and E. tovomita in Pará and Venezuela. Eugenia breviacuminata is morphologically related to E. brownsbergii, but differs by its blades with more lateral veins, calyx lobes in two unequal pairs and more ovules per locule; E. campina is morphologically close to E. tepuiensis, but has shorter petioles, blades shining with the midvein adaxially raised and glabrous pedicels; E. longa is related to E. ramiflora, being distinguished by its markedly narrower blades with thr midvein adaxially impressed and glabrous fruits; E. marieensis resembles E. esteliensis, but differs by its glabrous and narrower blades and larger flowers; E. rhytidocalyx resembles E. quadriovulata, but differs by its smaller blades, pedicellate and pilose flowers; and E. tovomita is possibly related to E. wentii, but differs by its smaller leaves and glabrous yellowish flowers with shorter calyx lobes. Additionally, conservation status are discussed for the species.

Five species of Eugenia are described, illustrated and compared with related species. Eugenia anisomischa , from the state of Bahia, is morphologically related to Eugenia candolleana , from which it differs by the pilose leaves and flowers; Eugenia cerradensis , from the states of Goias and Mato Grosso, E. pantanalensis , from the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and E. tingui , from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, are morphologically related to E. stictopetala , differing largely by its indumentum, larger flowers and wider leaves, respectively; E. zigzag , from the state of Bahia, is distinct from all other Brazilian species by its zigzag branching pattern.

A new species of Eugenia from Atlantic forest of Rio de Janeiro State is described, illustrated, and discussed. Eugenia circumdata is characterized by its inflorescences with tomentose, brown-yellowish indumentum, bracteoles orbiculate or obovate, concave, surrounding the flower bud, and deciduous at anthesis. Eugenia circumdata is most similar to Eugenia myrobalana, from which it differs mainly by its smaller leaf blades, axillary inflorescences, and shorter pedicels. Moreover, the species described here is known only from collections in Reserva Biológica União, in the municipality of Rio das Ostras. Data on its conservation status are presented.

Two new species of Myrcia from the Brazilian Cerrado are described: Myrcia occulta and Myrcia matogrossensis. Notes on species morphology, phenology and conservation status are provided as well as illustrative plates and distribution maps.

Plinia Plumier ex Linnaeus (1753: 516; for descriptions see Landrum & Kawasaki 1997: 529 and Wilson 2011: 255) is largely identified by the presence of congested to racemiform (very rarely paniculiform) inflorescences with tetramerous, bilocular and tetraovulate flowers with calyces persisting after anthesis and seeds with two distinct plano-convex cotyledons devoid of a hypocotyl. It is an American genus with about 75 recognized species from which about 40 are known from Brazil (Govaerts et al. 2017). Along the examination of southeastern Brazilian collections we have spotted three species with morphological characters suggestive of its inclusion in Plinia, for which new combinations in this genus are herein proposed. When possible, available online type images are cited by reference to herbarium acronyms and barcode numbers (acronyms follow Thiers 2017).

There are described and illustrated four species of Myrtaceae from Amazonian Brazil: Eugenia altoalegre , from the state of Roraima, and Eugenia fortuita , Myrcia amanana and Plinia tapuruquarana , these three from the state of Amazonas. Eugenia altoalegre is related to E. tachirensis , being distinguished by its larger, acuminate blades and inflorescences with two or more flowers; Eugenia fortuita is related to E. spruceana , but has larger inflorescences and densely pilose flowers; Myrcia amanana is related to M. splendens , but has a greyish floccose indumentum, and Plinia tapuruquarana is related to P. pinnata , but has wider blades, thicker petioles and larger flowers. Additionally, conservation issues are discussed for each species.

Myrcia De Candolle (1827: 46) is an American genus with about 450 species (Govaerts et al. 2017). Along the examination of some Brazilian species I spotted two unresolved names in Aulomyrcia O.Berg (1855–1856: 35), a genus presently merged in Myrcia as section Aulomyrcia (O.Berg) Grisebach (1864: 234) and recently studied by Lucas et al. (2016), and here propose the necessary taxonomic changes for them. Herbaria are cited according to Thiers (2017) and specimens are identified by herbarium numbers or barcodes; links for the images may be found in herbaria homepages available in Thiers (2017).

Myrcia arenaria, a new species of Myrcia sensu lato, is described, illustrated and compared with related species. The species is recognized by a combination of characters, which include elliptic to oval foliar blades, flower buds tearing at anthesis into 3 irregular lobes or 5 regular lobes; lobes obovate, apiculate, sericeous at the base and flowers without petals. This taxon seems to be restricted to the coastal areas of northeastern Brazil, growing in the restingas located in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Sergipe. Additionally, we also proposed the synonymization of Marlierea leal-costae with Psidium amplexicaule. We also present a map showing the geographical distribution of the species.

We describe, illustrate and compare with related species the southeastern Brazilian Calyptranthes arachnicola, C. biconvexa, C. carangola, Eugenia grandissima and Plinia longa . Calyptranthes arachnicola, from the state of Rio de Janeiro, is apparently related to Calyptranthes ursina , differing by its larger blades and pendulous inflorescences; Calyptranthes biconvexa , also from Rio de Janeiro, is apparently related to C. lanceolata , being distinguished by its blades with adaxially biconvex midvein and shorter inflorescences; Calyptranthes carangola , from the state of Minas Gerais, is apparently close to C. curta , differing by its narrower blades, longer inflorescences and narrower bracts ; Eugenia grandissima , also from Minas Gerais, is apparently close to E. umbrosa , but has larger leaves and petioles, blades with midvein adaxially raised and larger bracteoles; and Plinia longa , from the state of Espirito Santo, is related to Plinia edulis , differing by its narrowly oblong leaves. Additionally, species are evaluated for their conservation status according to the information available.

There are described, illustrated, compared with related species and commented in their conservation issues Myrcia delicata, M. exapata, M. guarujana, M. parca, M. pseudosplendens, M. ubatubana and M. venosissima . Myrcia delicata , from the states of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, is close to M. neocambessedeana , differing through its triflorous, slender inflorescences; Myrcia exapata, from Rio de Janeiro, is related to M. calycampa , differing through its obovate blades, longer peduncles and dichasial branches; Myrcia guarujana , from Sao Paulo, is related to M. colpodes , but differs in its pilose flowers and trilocular ovaries; Myrcia parca, from the state of Espirito Santo, is related to M. warmingiana , but differs in its narrower, concolorous blades, pauciflorous inflorescences and smooth ovaries; Myrcia pseudosplendens , from Minas Gerais, is close to M. splendens , but has costate fruits and exfoliating bark; Myrcia ubatubana , from Sao Paulo, is related to M. ferruginosa , but is kept apart through its pauciflorous inflorescences and narrower blades, and Myrcia venosissima , from Minas Gerais, resembles M. almasensis , differing through its uniflorous to triflorous inflorescences and flowers with longer calyx lobes.

We here describe, illustrate and compare with related species Calyptranthes corticosa , Myrcia breviflora, M. cantana, M. castanea, M. divisoria, M. integra, M. laxa, M. longiramea, M. manausensis, M. maraana, M. symmetrica, M. uaioai and Plinia humaitana . Calyptranthes corticosa , from the Brazilian state of Acre, is related to C. paniculata , but is distinguished by its strongly angulate twigs and pauciflorous inflorescences; Myrcia breviflora , from the Brazilian state of Amazonas, is related to M. tafelbergica , but has shorter inflorescences with pentamerous flowers; M. cantana , from the Brazilian state of Roraima, is close to M. saxatilis , but has narrower blades and tetramerous flowers; M. castanea , from Amazonas, is related to M. magnoliifolia , but has persistently pilose, bullate leaves and densely pilose inflorescences and flowers; M. divisoria , from Acre, is related to M. calycampa , but has pilose twigs, larger blades and longer inflorescences with persisting bracts; M. integra , from the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Roraima and the Peruvian department of Loreto, is related to Marlierea umbraticola , but is distinguished by the blades with adaxially raised midvein and tetramerous flowers; M. laxa , from Amazonas, is related to M. aequatoriensis , but has smaller petioles, blades not bullate and pilose flowers; M. longiramea , from Amazonas, is related to M. clusiifolia , but has narrower blades crowded at the top of long branches and tetramerous flowers; M. manausensis , from Amazonas, is related to M. splendens but has blades with larger glandular dots and flowers with ovary longitudinally ridged; M. maraana , from Amazonas, is related to M. obumbrans , but has narrower, discolorous blades and tetramerous flowers; M. symmetrica , from the states of Amazonas and Para, is close to M. plusiantha , but differs by its mostly acuminate blades, shorter inflorescences and tetramerous flowers; M. uaioai , from Roraima, is related to Myrcia gentryi , being distinguished through its elliptic blades with adaxially raised midvein and consistently solitary flowers, and Plinia humaitana , from Amazonas, is related to P. pinnata , but has shorter, wider blades and seed without hypocotyl. Additionally, conservation status is proposed for all species; nevertheless, considering the fact that several species are known only from one collection a/or by mostly ancient collections, their status attribution is necessarily tentative.

We describe, illustrate and compare with related species Calyptranthes anguerana, Eugenia altissima, E. caloneura, E. indistincta, E. mucugensis, E. rara, Myrcia alatiramea, M. hypophaea, M. petrophila, M. pseudovenulosa, M. ramiflora, M. trimera and M. unana . All species are presently known only from the state of Bahia, except Myrcia hypophaea , which extents northward until the state of Paraiba. Calyptranthes anguerana is related to C. concinna , differing through its monopodial and glabrous inflorescences; Eugenia altissima is apparently close to E. laruotteana , being distinguished by the larger flowers with ovaries glabrous inside; Eugenia caloneura is apparently related to E. leonorae , differing through its larger leaves and flowers buds with discrete calyx lobes; Eugenia indistincta is related to E.subavenia , differing by its pauciflorous inflorescences, smaller flowers and globose fruits; Eugenia mucugensis is related to E. sonderiana and E. luetzelburgii , being distinguished from the first by its wider blades, inflorescences with visible axes and longer pedicels, and from the second by its petiolate leaves and elliptic blades with midvein adaxially sulcate; Eugenia rara is apparently related to E. subterminalis , from which it is kept apart through its pilose flowers with calyx that tears irregularly at anthesis; Myrcia alatiramea is apparently related to M. anceps , being distinguished by its larger blades, pauciflorous inflorescences and flowers with calyx tube; Myrcia hypophaea is related to M. decorticans , but has subsessile leaves, abaxially darker blades and larger inflorescences; Myrcia petrophila is related to M. reticulosa , differing in its longer petioles, blades with rounded bases, pauciflorous inflorescences and pilose flowers; Myrcia pseudovenulosa is apparently related to M. venulosa , but has uniformly pilose flowers and bilocular ovaries; Myrcia ramiflora is apparently close to M. hirtiflora , differing through its larger blades and smaller, ramiflorous inflorescences; Myrcia trimera is related to Marlierea luschnathiana , but has larger and narrower blades, glabrous inflorescences, trimerous flower buds and flowers without petals, and Myrcia unana is close to M. maximiliana , but has narrower blades and larger calyx lobes. Additionally, conservation issues are briefly commented for each species.

The present study describes four new species of the exclusively Neotropical Myrcia s.l., which includes the genera Calyptranthes , Marlierea and Myrcia . The new species are named Myrcia cataphyllata (related to Myrcia bicolor ), Myrcia elevata (related to Marlierea velutina ), Myrcia megaphylla (very distinct from other species of Myrcia ) and Myrcia sessilissima (related to Myrcia tomentosa ). They are endemic to their respective biomes: one endemic to the Amazon forest ( M. elevata ); one from the Campo Rupestre (‘Rocky Fields’) vegetation ( M. sessilissima ); and two from the Atlantic Forest ( M. cataphyllata and M. megaphylla ). In addition to the descriptions, the study provides illustrations and comments about the distribution, habitat, phenology and taxonomic affinities of these species.

Calyptranthes irregularis , Eugenia abunan and Myrcia macaca are described, illustrated and compared with related species. Calyptranthes irregularis , from the state of Amazonas, is related to C. cuspidata , from which it is distinguished by blades with adaxially sulcate midvein, larger flowers and a calyx with irregular splitting; Eugenia abunan , from the state of Rondonia, is related to E. multirimosa , differing in its larger flowers and absent calyx tube; Myrcia macaca , from the state of Roraima, is related to M. porphyrea and M. crispa , differing mainly by its trilocular ovary.

This paper describes four new species and proposes a new synonym of Myrtaceae of particular relevance for the flora of Sergipe and Bahia, Brazil, either within Eugenia L. or Myrcia DC. The occurrence of Myrcianthes pseudomato (D.Legrand) McVaugh, the first species of the genus to be registered in Sergipe and the second species of the genus for Northeastern Brazil is noted, and a short description of the fruits of Eugenia brejoensis Mazine, described in 2008 based on flowering material only is also provided.

Eight Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest species are described and illustrated: Calyptranthes santalucia, Eugenia barrana, E. culicina, E. lacistema, E. viscacea, Myrcia basicordata, M. monoclada and Myrciaria evanida . Calyptranthes santalucia, from the state of Espirito Santo, is related to C . brasiliensis , differing for its acute leaves and pauciflorous inflorescences; Eugenia barrana , from the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, is related to E. chlorophylla , but has smaller leaves and larger flowers; Eugenia culicina , from the state of Pernambuco, is related to E. roseiflora , differing through the smaller petioles, adaxially sulcate lateral veins, pilose flowers and larger fruits; Eugenia lacistema , from Bahia, is related to E. platyphylla, differing by the inflorescences with lignified bracts and smaller pedicels; Eugenia viscacea , from Bahia, is related to E. ellipsoidea, differing through the inflorescences with densely imbricate bracts and smaller pedicels; Myrcia basicordata, from Espirito Santo, is related to M. pubescens , but presents applanate glabrous twigs and glabrous and sessile leaves with cordate base; Myrcia monoclada, from Bahia, is related to M. riodocensis , but has larger leaves and pentamerous flowers, and Myrciaria evanida , from Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais, resembles M. floribunda , differing by the vanishing secondary veins and smaller flowers. The new species are also evaluated as to their conservation status according to IUCN criteria. Additionally, the synonymization of Eugenia apiocarpa under E. astringens and of Eugenia pleurantha under E. umbellata and the lectotypification of Eugenia ellipsoidea are proposed.

Here, we describe and illustrate Plinia delicata, a new species from rocky outcrops from the southeastern Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. The new species is related to Plinia pseudodichasiantha, from which it is distinguished mainly through the smaller leaves and longer bracteoles.

Fourteen new Myrtaceae are described, illustrated and compared to related species from Brazil: Calyptranthes boanova, C. curta, C. detecta, C. maritima, Eugenia culta, E. rotula, E. serraegrandis, E. unana, Myrcia clavata, M. lascada, M. teimosa, M. truncata, Myrcianthes riparia and Myrciaria alagoana. Calyptranthes boanova is related to C. grandiflora , but presents sessile, glabrous leaves; C. curta is related to C. dichotoma , differing through the small inflorescences; C. detecta is close to C. tricona , but has largest leaves and inflorescences; C. maritima is related to C. strigipes , but presents larger leaves and inflorescences and smaller flowers; Eugenia culta is related to E. sprengelii , but presents verticillate leaves and longer pedicels; E. rotula is distinct from all Brazilian species by its small rounded leaves; E. serraegrandis is related to E. platyphylla, differing in its larger leaves and densely pilose flowers; E. unana is close to E. stictopetala , but the leaves are wider and more laxly venose and the flowers present larger calyx lobes; Myrcia clavata is close to M. riodocensis, but has wider leaves and pentamerous flowers; M. lascada is related to M. palustris , from which it differs by the larger leaves and three to five–flowered inflorescences; M. teimosa is related to M. eximia , differing through shorter inflorescences and four–celled ovaries; M. truncata is distinguished from all Brazilian species through its basally truncate leaves; Myrcianthes riparia is close to M. pedersenii , but has glabrous leaves and flowers, tetramerous flowers and smaller, purple fruits, and Myrciaria alagoana is related to M. glomerata , but has larger petioles and glabrous and caudate leaves . Calyptranthes boanova, Eugenia serraegrandis, E. unana, Myrcia lascada, M. teimosa and M. truncata were collected in the southern Bahian rainforests; Calyptranthes curta and C. maritima are from the coastal rainforests of the southeastern state of Sao Paulo; C . detecta is from the rainforests of southeastern Minas Gerais; Eugenia culta was collected along the Atlantic Rainforest (Mata Atlântica) domain in the southeastern Brazilian states of Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais; Eugenia rotula was collected in rocky fields from the Bahian hinterland; Myrcia clavata and Myrciaria alagoana are from the Atlantic Rainforest of the northeastern state of Alagoas , and Myrcianthes riparia grows in riverine habitats in the highlands of the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Additionally, there are proposed the rehabilitation of the name Eugenia astringens and the new name Myrcia neopauciflora , based on Aulomyrcia pauciflora .