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Bulbophyllum phanquyetii, from Lai Chau Province was found and described as a new species for science. The new species looks similar to B. guttulatum and B. umbellatum but differs in the connate upper margin of lateral sepals, verruculose sepals and petals, and triangular stelidia. In addition, B. tianguii found in Ha Giang Province is firstly recorded for the orchid flora of Vietnam.

A species, new to science, is described from Son La province, Vietnam. The new species is similar to B. yongtaiense, B. layae and B. sridithii in the hairy lip at base but clearly differs by the papillose margin and inner surface of dorsal sepal and petals, lip without mid keel and dense hairs on lateral keels, stelidia 2 times longer than 3 similar species.

The paper presents a taxonomic review of Bulbophyllum section Rhytionanthos for the flora of Vietnam and provides the key for its species’ identification. A new species, B. truongtamii and a new variety, B. taeniophyllum var. denticulatoalatum are described for science. Bulbophyllum nodosum is reported for the first time from the country. Bulbophyllum strigosum, described 20 years ago based on cultivated plant of uncertain origin was rediscovered in NE Vietnam. For this species, location and detailed description are reported. Analytical photos, data on phenology, ecology, and distribution are presented for all studied species. The morphological comparison table of the new species, new variety and newly recorded species segregating them from similar species are presented.

The paper provides a short review of Bulbophyllum species recorded in Laos and Vietnam during the two last decades and continues the publication of results of our successive studies of the genus in this area. It presents data on two new species for science discovered in Laos (Bulbophyllum pachypodum) and Vietnam (B. neglectipetalum), one lesser known species for the flora of Laos (B. microtepalum), two new records for the flora of Vietnam (B. echinulus, B. setilabium), and new illustrated data on B. secundum insufficiently known in the flora of Vietnam. Bulbophyllum fascinator earlier accepted in specific rank reduced into the synonymy of B. putidum on the base of studies of newly obtained materials. Taking into consideration the new data presented in this paper, the flora of Laos presently includes 85, and flora of Vietnam 151 Bulbophyllum species, excluding Monomeria, Trias, and Sunipia. It is the largest genus in the orchid floras of both countries.

Peliosanthes longiracemosa, a new species from limestone areas of northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to P. macrostegia in having a distally incurved staminal corona and a distinct pyramidal style, but clearly distinguishable chiefly by the broader leaf blades with more longitudinal veins and closer transverse veinlets, relatively longer, more slender raceme, more numerous widely expanded flowers with recurved perianth segments, and more incrassate, depressed globose staminal corona. Information on the habitat and phenology as well as notes on the taxonomic relationships with other congeners is also provided.

The new species discovered in Thanh Hoa Province of northern Vietnam described here as a new species for science. It is similar to B. muscicola but differs in smaller habit, inflorescence shorter than leaves, shorter lateral sepals with unequally lobed blunt apex, and slender stelidia. The newly described species also can be compared with B. japonicum but it differs in the size and shape of leaves, tepals, and lip. Detailed morphological description, illustration, data on distribution, and phenology of the new species are presented.

The new species, Gastrochilus dresslerii (G. sect. Microphyllae) discovered in northern Vietnam (Ha Giang Province) is described and illustrated, and data on its phenology, ecology, and distribution is provided. Morphological resemblance of discovered plant with allied species are also discussed.

Rohdea dangii, a new species from limestone areas of Son La and Dien Bien Provinces in northwestern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is apparently most closely related to R. tonkinensis described from northern Vietnam, for these two species share an elongate aerial stem with no cataphylls (except for those at the base of the peduncle), narrowly elliptic leaf blades and filaments conspicuously incrassate in the lower decurrent portions. It is, however, readily distinguishable mainly by the longer, thicker rhizome, non-sheathing amplexicaule leaf blades, half-terete peduncle, much shorter bracts mostly not exceeding the flowers, and crateriform perigone tube. The taxonomic relationships of the new species to R. wattii and two other species with an aerial stem were also briefly discussed.

A new species of the genus Camellia L. (Theaceae) from Southern Vietnam is described and illustrated under the name Camellia proensis. Morphological differences between C. proensis and closely related species in the genus Camellia L. (sect. Piquetia) were identified. C. proensis is easily distinguishable from C. honbaensis, C. piquetiana and C. longii by the yellow flowers; from C. dalatensis by the glabrous twigs and leaves; from C. dongnaiensis by light yellow flowers; from C. sonthaiensis by mature fruit flat-globose, 4.0–5.5 cm tall and 8.5–10.0 cm wide. Ecological environment and distribution were also provided for this new species. The images and type specimens of this species were processed and stored in Vietnam (holotype, isotypes, DLU).

The genus Octarrhena (Orchidaceae) is distributed predominantly in Malesia and Papuasia. Its presence in eastern Indochina was uncovered as recently as in 2015 simultaneously with a description of O. minuscula from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Here, we describe two more species of the genus, O. emarginata and O. perpusilla, also endemic to this mountain system. All three Vietnamese species of Octarrhena are local endemics with very limited allopatric distribution. We summarize the current knowledge on the genus in Vietnam and present a key for their identification, and a map with location of all known populations. Finally, we briefly discuss modern views on the worldwide species diversity of Octarrhena.

An updated checklist of the family Lycopodiaceae in Vietnam is provided. The checklist is based on the most recent taxonomic delimitation of this family. It comprises three subfamilies, six genera and 20 species. Three species, Huperzia nanlingensis, Phlegmariurus henryi and Phlegmariurus tetrastichus, are reported from Vietnam for the first time, which is mainly a result of floristic exploration of the country during the last 15 years. Detailed descriptions and photographs are provided for the newly recorded species, as well as a map showing their distribution in Vietnam. Taxonomy of these and related species is briefly discussed. Type material of P. tetrastichus was analyzed and a specimen from G (G00349152) was designated as a lectotype. It was demonstrated that the combination Huperzia tetrasticha has never been validly published.

Tupistra nganii is described and illustrated as a new species from Ha Giang Province in northern Vietnam and Yunnan Province in southwestern China. The new species is most similar to T. muricata from Thailand and Laos, from which it differs by the greenish white or yellow perianth and longer exserted stamens. Additionally, Tupistra longispica is reinstated on the basis of new morphological evidences.

Mainland Southeast Asia, particularly southern China and eastern Indochina, is known as an important centre of diversity for Asparagaceae (Averynov & Tanaka 2012). Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) belonging to the subfamily Nolinoideae (Chase et al. 2009) comprises a little more than 30 species (Averyanov et al. 2019). They spread across southern and south-eastern Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia (Tanaka 2010a). The genus is characterized usually by the leaves tapering into petiole, a relatively large stigma broader than the style, except for the very uncommon species T. siphonantha Tanaka, Vislobokov & Hannon (2018: 32), a stout terete style almost as thick as the ovary and tuberculate (rarely smooth), globular berry-like fruits (Tanaka 2010a). Eight species of Tupistra have been reported for India: T. ashihoi Roy, Odyuo & Averyanov (2017:52), T. clarkei Hooker (1892: 325), T. khasiana Roy, Mao & Averyanov (2017: 257), T. nagarum Odyuo, Roy & Mao (2018:2), T. nutans Wall. ex Lindley (1839: 1223), T. stoliczkana Kurz (1876: 199), T. tupistroides (Kunth 1848: 12) Dandy (1932: 329), and T. leonidii Roy & Mao (2018: 37). Among them, T. ashihoi and T. stoliczkana have an upright flowering stem, whereas the others have a flowering stem curved downwards.

Peliosanthes crassicoronata is described and illustrated as a new species from southern Vietnam. It somewhat resembles P. macrostegia in having drooping bowl-shaped purplish flowers, but is readily distinguishable by the larger leaves with more numerous longitudinal veins, internally thickly ribbed staminal corona, and pistil with a hexagonal ovary and an indistinct style. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species was inferred from an analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences.

The genus Tolypanthus and two species, Tolypanthus maclurei and Taxillus vestitus, are reported as new records for Vietnam. Taxonomy and geographical distribution of the newly recorded taxa are discussed; lectotypes of the genus Tolypanthus and the two species are designated. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both newly recorded species as well as a key to species of Taxillus in Vietnam are provided. Diversity of the family Loranthaceae in Vietnam is briefly summarized.

Modern taxonomic revision of Bulbophyllum sect. Lemniscata in the flora of Vietnam based on available collections and literature data reports 5 species (Bulbophyllum averyanovii, B. chelicerum, B. comosum B. hirtum, and B. lemniscatoides), one of which (B. chelicerum) is described as a new for science. For all accepted taxa the paper provides valid name and main synonyms with appropriate standard taxonomic references, data on type and other authentic materials, description, data on ecology, phenology, expected conservation status, distribution, notes on biology and taxonomy, list of all studied materials, as well as key for identification of species and their color illustrations. Lectotype for B. lemniscatoides is proposed.

Before 2010, Hemiboea Clarke (1798: 18) included about 23 species and 5 varieties mostly in central, southern and southwestern China, northern Vietnam and southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), with the highest species diversity in southern and southwestern China (Weber 2004, Li & Wang 2004). Over the last two decades, 11 new taxa have been found and described in southern and southwestern China: eight new species and one new variety from Guangxi province (Li 2004, Li & Liu 2004, Xu et al. 2010, 2012, Wen et al. 2011, 2013, Pan et al. 2012, Zhou et al. 2013), two new species from Yunnan (Zhang et al. 2014, Chen et al. 2018), and one from Guizhou (Li et al. 2018). Meanwhile, the genus Metabriggsia Wang (1983: 1) including two species was revised and merged within Hemiboea (Weber et al. 2011). Additionally, H. subcapitata var. pterocaulis Li (2004: 261) was assigned from a variety to a distinct species, namely H. pterocaulis (Z.Y.Li) J.Huang, X.G.Xiang & Q.Zhang in Huang et al. (2017: 8) based on extensive morphological, phenological and molecular studies.

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Didymoplexis Griffith (1844: 383) belongs to a group of morphologically close genera, which also includes Asian genera, Gastrodia R.Brown (1810: 330), Didymoplexiella Garay (1954: 33) and Didymoplexiopsis Seidenfaden (1997: 13). All these plants are small, terrestrial, leafless mycoheterotrophic herbs forming the core of the subtribe Gastrodiinae Lindley (1840: 383) of tribe Gastrodieae Lindley (1821: Appendix), subfamily Epidendroideae Lindley (1821: Appendix). Two-lipped flower and column lacking distinct wings or appendages are main generic characters that distinguish Didymoplexis from related genera of this subtribe. Didymoplexis comprises about 20 species distributed mostly in tropical Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands (Zhou et al. 2016, Govaerts et al. 2018). All species of this genus are miniature ephemeral herbs with small, unattractive fugacious flowers opening in one or two in succession and lasting commonly only one day, often only in the morning hours. As a result, representatives of this genus are easily overlooked in botanical surveys, poorly represented in herbaria (where they are often hardly recognized without additional spirit or photographic material) and remain infrequently inventoried in local floras throughout its range. According to available records (Fig. 1), the highest species diversity of Didymoplexis is observed in Java with 6 species (Comber 1990). Thailand (Pedersen et al. 2014) and Borneo (Wood & Cribb 1994, Tsukaya & Okada 2012, Tsukaya et al. 2014, Suetsugu et al. 2017) are inhabited by 5 species each. Three species were hitherto recorded in China (Chen et al. 2009, Lin et al. 2016, Zhou et al. 2016) and Vietnam (Averyanov 2011). Two species were found in Sri Lanka (Fernando & Ormerod 2008) and Laos (Averyanov et al. 2016, 2018). Floras of most other Asian regions such as Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and the Philippines include only one species (Garay & Sweet 1974, Seidenfaden & Wood 1992, Comber 2001, Pearce & Cribb 2002, Kress et al. 2003, Rokaya et al. 2013, Islam et al. 2016). The presence of several species of Didymoplexis in Cambodia is highly possible, despite none of them were recorded there to date. One more species new to science that clearly differs from all hitherto known species of this genus was recently discovered in northern Vietnam, close to the Laos border. Here we describe and illustrate this remarkable plant as Didymoplexis holochelia.

The genus Aspidistra Ker-Gawler (1822 plate 628), overlooked for decades, is recently remarkably fast growing. During the past decade, about 90 species new to science were discovered and described, mainly from southern China, Vietnam, and Laos. With its diversity in flower morphology Aspidistra is among the most spectacular genera of Monocotyledons. Vietnam turned out to be especially rich in Aspidistra species (Tillich 2014), and at, least 30 additional species were discovered and described recently in this country (Averyanov & Tillich 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, Leong-Skornickova et al. 2014, Vislobokov et al. 2014a, b, 2016a, b, 2017, Vislobokov 2015, 2016, Olivier 2015, Averyanov et al. 2016, 2017, 2018a, b, Nguyen et al. 2017, Tillich et al. 2017, Tillich & Averyanov 2018). Meanwhile, the diversity of the genus in Vietnam remains insufficiently inventoried. Below we describe three more new species from central Vietnam.

Elatostema monandrum var. rigidiusculum, confined to the Bambarabotuwa Forest Reserve in Sabaragamuwa province of Sri Lanka, is reclassified to the rank of species as E. rigidiusculum. We compare it to the morphologically most similar, E. monandrum. The main diagnostic features of E. rigidiusculum are obovate leaves 0.3–1.5 cm long whose laminae are apically crenate, and the presence of sessile receptaculate involucrate inflorescences in both sexes. The proposed IUCN conservation status of E. rigidiusculum is Critically Endangered (CR).

Loropetalum flavum (Hamamelidaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Bat Dai Son Mountains situated in the northern Vietnam. Recently discovered plant was observed as a typical element of the rich primary forest found on the highly eroded karstic limestone mountain formations allied to the border with China. The new species is characterized by arboreous habit; stellately indumentum of branchlets, leaves and flowers; axillary, capitate, 4–12-flowered inflorescences; yellow, sessile, actinomorphic, bisexual, 4–6-merous flowers with 2-whorled perianth and 2–8 fleshy disc lobes; stamens with conspicuous subulate connective protrusion; anthers with 2 rectangular 2-sporangiate thecae, each dehiscing by 2 valves and syncarpous gynoecium with 2-locular inferior ovary bearing 2 very short separate styles. A key to all known species of Loropetalum species is given and lectotype of L. lanceum is proposed.

Due to the unavailability of specimens and publications in the past, some gaps exist in knowledge of similar species from various adjacent countries. After more recently detailed observations from field surveys and examinations on herbaria specimens, we confirmed the status of Begonia arboreta and B. sonlaensis as synonyms of B. garrettii and B. pseudodryadis from China and Thailand, and from China and Vietnam, respectively. The taxonomic treatment is based on the examination of both available herbarium specimens and living plants from different populations. Taxonomy revision of the allied species is very important for understanding plant diversity in the above neighboring countries.

Three taxa, Bulbophyllum cariniflorum var. orlovii (sect. Pleiophyllum), B. sonii (sect. Anisopetalon) and B. ustulata (sect. Brachystachya) are described as new for science. All of these novelties are local endemics of Vietnam. Additionally, four species, B. flavescens (sect. Aphanobulbon), B. ovatum (sect. Desmosanthes), B. physocoryphum (sect. Macrocaulia) and B. wendlandianum (sect. Cirrhopetalum) are recorded for the flora of Vietnam for the first time. These species are endemic of the Indochinese Peninsula in a broad sense, except for B. flavescens having wide distribution in western Malesia. Data on ecology, phenology, distribution, brief relevant taxonomic notes, as well as colour photographs and line drawings of the type and voucher specimens are provided for all reported taxa. Lectotypification is provided for B. wendlandianum.

This paper continues the publication of newly obtained results of a successive taxonomic investigation of the genus Aspidistra Ker Gawler (1822: 628) in Vietnam summarized in a series of recent publications (Averyanov & Tillich 2016, Averyanov et al. 2016, 2017, 2018, Vislobokov 2016, Vislobokov et al. 2016, 2017, Nguyen 2017, Nuraliev et al. 2017). A new recently discovered species is described and illustrated below.

Taxonomy and geographical distribution of Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum are revised. Type material of this species is analyzed and lectotypification is provided; the specimen from CAL (CAL0000007365) is designated as a lectotype. Distribution area of G. sclerocarpum is circumscribed and a number of inconsistencies found in earlier works are resolved. Occurrence of G. sclerocarpum in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and southern China is confirmed. The presence of this species in Guangxi of China is reported for the first time; its presence and distribution in Vietnam are substantiated by herbarium collections. Map of distribution of G. sclerocarpum and G. vidalii, a poorly known and morphologically similar species, is provided.

Biermannia King & Pantling (1898a: 591) comprises about ten species distributed from northeastern India and southern China through the Indochinese and Malay Peninsulas to Sumatra, Java and Borneo (Comber 1990, 2001, Seidenfaden & Wood 1992, Pearce & Cribb 2002, Chen & Wood 2009, Chase et al. 2015). All species of this genus are miniature, canopy epiphytes with small, unattractive fugacious flowers lasting only few hours in the morning. As a result, representatives of this genus are easily overlooked in botanical surveys, poorly represented in herbaria and remain infrequently inventoried in local floras throughout its range. One more new species that differs strikingly from all hitherto known species of this genus was recently discovered in southern Vietnam. Here we describe and illustrate this unusual plant.

Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655), which was later recircumscribed by Tanaka (2003a, 2010a), belongs to Nolinoideae of Asparagaceae (APG 2009, Chase et al. 2009). It comprises about 30 species (Tanaka 2010a, Averyanov et al. 2017, Govaerts 2017, Nguyen et al. 2017, Roy et al. 2017, Tanaka et al. 2017) distributed widely over subtropical to tropical Asia, covering Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam (Tanaka 2010a, Averyanov & Tanaka 2012, Hu et al. 2013, Vislobokov et al. 2014, Averyanov et al. 2015, 2016, 2017, Nguyen et al. 2017, Roy et al. 2017).

A new species of the genus Gleadovia from Nagaland, Northeastern India, Gleadovia konyakianorum is here described and illustrated. The new species differs from its presently known congeners, such as G. banerjiana, G. mupinense and G. ruborum in having strictly 1-flowered inflorescence borne at stem apex, urceolate calyx unequally 5-lobed at apical part, white corolla, narrowly ovoid to fusiform, ca. 1 cm long anther, moderately shorter style, 0.5–0.6 cm long and in narrowly subulate, comparatively longer stigma, to 2.5 cm long. Identification key to the species of Gleadovia is given.

Peliosanthes Andrews (1808: 605) belongs to the subfamily Nolinoideae (Chase et al. 2009) of Asparagaceae (APG 2016). This genus contains 60–65 species distributed widely in South and Southeast Asia (Nguyen et al. 2017). Peliosanthes macrophylla Wall. in Baker (1879: 505) was described by Baker based on the collections made from “Himalaya Orientalis” in Sikkim and Mishmi. In the original description, Baker cited three collectors (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomsons, C.B. Clarke and W. Griffith). The first author could trace the collection of J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson (s.n., K000099377!, K000099378!, P00753584!), and W. Griffith (5841, P00214605!) which fit with the protologue of the species. Since no holotype was indicated these all should be regarded as syntypes according to Art. 9.5 of ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). According to Art. 9.12, the lectotype should be chosen from those syntypes. Since the specimen designated as “Griffith 5841” (P00214605!) is the only cited in protologue with collection number, it is selected here as the lectotype. A detailed morphological description and photographic illustration (Fig. 1) of the species based on living plant material is also given here to facilitate its identification.

Recently, two new genera of mycoheterotrophic orchids were described from China: Danxiaorchis Zhai, Xing & Liu (2013: e60371) and Yunorchis Liu, Zhang & Li (2015: e123382). Both were considered to be monospecific, and in each case the descriptions were accompanied by a phylogenetic analysis.

The genus Rohdea Roth (1821: 196) belonging to the family Asparagaceae (APG 2009) comprises 14 species and is distributed in South East Asia (Tanaka 2003, Averyanov et al. 2014, Govaerts 2016). In India, the genus includes 4 species namely R. delavayi (Franchet 1896: 40) Tanaka (2003: 331), R. eucomoides (Baker 1875: 581) Tanaka (2003: 332), R. nepalensis (Rafinesque 1838: 15) Tanaka (2010: 23) and R. wattii (Clarke 1889: 78) Yamashita & Tamura (2004: 369) (Hooker 1894, Liang & Tamura 2000).

Since last account of the genus Aspidistra Ker Gawler (1822: 628) in Vietnam reported 43 species (Tillich 2014), at least 25 additional species were discovered and described in this country (Averyanov & Tillich 2014, 2015, 2016, Vislobokov et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2016, Leong-Skornickova et al. 2014, Olivier 2015, Ly & Tilllich 2015, Vislobokov 2015, 2016, Averyanov et al. 2016). Meanwhile, the diversity of the genus in Vietnam and allied countries remains insufficiently inventoried. One more new species of Aspidistra, named here as A. letreae was discovered recently in central Vietnam. This species is described and illustrated with data on its ecology, phenology, tentative relations, distribution and expected conservation status. The new species somewhat resembles Aspidistra truongii Averyanov & Tillich (2013: 108), A. obtusata Vislobokov (2016: 694) and Aspidistra zhangii Averyanov, Tillich & Nguyen in Averyanov et al. (2016: 62), but differs clearly by a series of morphological features noted below.

Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) belonging to Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae (APG 2009, Chase et al. 2009), includes about 26 species (Govaerts 2016). These taxa spread mainly in south and south-east of continental Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia (Tanaka 2003a, 2003b, 2010a, 2010b, Averyanov et al. 2016). This genus is characterised by leaves with slender petiolar base, relatively large stigma broader than the style, stout columnar style almost as thick as the ovary and usually tuberculate, dirty green, globular berry-like fruit (Tanaka 2003a, 2010a). In India, Tupistra is represented so far by four species, namely Tupistra clarkei Hooker (1894: 325), T. nutans Wall. ex Lindley (1839: 1223), T. stoliczana Kurz (1875: 199) and T. tupistroides (Kunth 1848: 12) Dandy (1932: 329).

Species of subtribe Goodyerinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae) in the flora of Vietnam have been the subject of a series of taxonomic treatments (Seidenfaden 1992, Averyanov 1994, 2008, Averyanov & Averyanova 2003, Nguyen, Averyanov & Duong 2005). Nonetheless, the inventory of this group remains incomplete due to their sporadic distribution, rarity in nature, and deficiency of available herbarium and living collections. Additionally, almost all Goodyera-related species rarely flower either in nature or cultivation, which makes available observations scarce. As a result, new data on species and records for the flora of Vietnam are appearing continuously (Ponert et al. 2014, Averyanov et al. 2016) in addition to the already completed accounts. One more curious novelty from Goodyerinae discovered recently in southern Vietnam is described and illustrated below.

A new species of the terrestrial orchid genus Nervilia is described and illustrated from material collected at several localities in the Greater Mekong region of Southeast Asia. The multi-flowered inflorescence bearing relatively large flowers with a pubescent lip, and the many-veined, cordate-reniform leaf blade that is held well above ground level, place N. mekongensis in section Nervilia. Despite being superficially similar to N. aragoana, a widespread species of tropical Asia and Australasia, it is most closely affiliated to N. fordii, a species known from southern China and Thailand. It is distinguished by its stout inflorescence and lip that is broadest midway along the hypochile and which has acute, forward-projecting side-lobes and a short, ovate mid-lobe. A conservation assessment plus taxonomic notes are provided.

A new species of Xyloselinum , X. laoticum , endemic to the Vientiane province of Laos, is described and illustrated. Similar to two previously described species of Xyloselinum from limestone ridges of Northern Vietnam, the new species is subshrub with 2–3 pinnatisect leaves having petiolulate basal segments and broadly lanceolate terminal segments, solitary or binary mericarp vallecular vittae, almost flat on the commissural side endosperm. The new species is more closer to X. vietnamense than to X. leonidii . Xyloselinum laoticum differs from X. vietnamense in irregularly toothed or laciniate terminal leaf segments without bladders on lower surface, solid (not fistulose) petioles, globose umbels and umbellets, almost glabrous (not densely covered by scattered short prickles) pedicels, always entire bracteoles, and conical (not shortly conical) stylopods. It is supported by the nrDNA ITS data that Xyloselinum is treated as an independent genus and placed in Selineae Clade together with some S and E Asian genera separated from Peucedanum s.l. or Ligusticum/Selinum complex.

Dendrobium thinhii (D. sect. Breviflores), Sarcoglyphis tichii, Taeniophyllum phitamii (T. subgen. Codonosepalum Schltr.) and Trichoglottis canhii are described and illustrated as species new to science. All are local endemics of the area associated with Truong Son Range (Annamese Cordilleras) within territories of Dac Lak, Kon Tum and Lam Dong provinces of the southern Vietnam known in national geography as the Central Highlands or Tay Nguyen Plateau. All discovered plants are well-defined, taxonomically isolated species representing very strict plant endemism quite typical for the southern part of eastern Indochina.

Bulbophyllum bidoupense (sect. Brachystachyae) and Schoenorchis hangianae (sect. Pumila) are described and illustrated as species new for science. Both species are local endemics of the Bidoup mountain system belonging to the South Annamese floristic province of the Indochinese floristic region within Lam Dong and Khanh Hoa provinces of southern Vietnam. Schoenorchis hangianae and allied S. scolopendria are rather isolated species recognized among their congeners by plagiotropic creeping plant habit.

The paper provides a key for identification and a checklist of mycoheterotrophic species of the genus Exacum, representing a well-defined group of achlorophyllous members of Gentianaceae regarded sometimes in the limits of a separate genus Cotylanthera. One novel species, E. zygomorpha, discovered in northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated as new for science. Among other features the discovered species strikingly differs from its congeners in having distinctly zygomorphic flowers.

Vislobokov, Nikolay A., Тanaka, Noriyuki, Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Hiep Tien, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Kuznetsov, Andrey N. (2014): Tupistra khangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 175 (5): 287-292, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.8