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Phytochemical investigation on the twigs and leaves of Trichilia sinensis led to the isolation of two previously undescribed limonoids (i.e., trichiliasinenoids D and E, 1 and 2), two previously undescribed phenolic acids (3 and 4), and one previously undescribed natural phenolic acid dimer (5), together with 11 known compounds (6-16). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical techniques. The potential anti-inflammatory activities of all the compounds were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Among these isolates, compounds 1, 2, 6, and 11-13 expressed weak NO inhibition. The antibacterial activities of all the compounds against bacteria were also tested in vitro. Compound 16 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against Escherichia Coli.

Two new vilasinin limonoids, walsuronoids DnE ( 1 n 2 ), along with three known compounds ( 3 n 5 ) were isolated and identified from the leaves ofn Walsura robusta . Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compoundsn 1 n 2 nshowed potent cytotoxic activity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cell lines, with IC 50 nvalues ranging from 2.7 to 4.5nmM. The absolute configuration ofn 3 nwas determined to be (24 R , 25 S )-cycloartane-3b,24,25,26-tetrol for the first time by using X-ray diffraction analysis.

Two new rearranged limonoids, trichiliton I (1) and 12-deacetoxyltrijugin A (2) along with four previously reported compounds (3-6) were isolated from the roots of Trichilia connaroides. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR. The new compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.n