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Changes in DNA, RNA, nitrogen, nucleotide composition and in vitroincorporation of leucine/lysine by polysomes have been studied during sorghum grain development. Both DNA, RNA and protein content increased substantially during grain development. Although RNase activity increased, it did not affect RNA accumulation. Minor changes in the nucleotide composition of rRNA and sRNA were observed during grain development. In vitroincorporation of leucine and lysine by polysomes indicate qualitative change in the mRNA during later stages of grain development and the substantial accumulation of proteins during this period ultimately results in accumulation of proteins rich in leucine and poor in lysine.