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The formation of hydroxyl radicals in Fenton-type reactions involving ferric-EDTA chelate was enhanced by flavonoids. The efficiency was in the order: myricetin > quercetin > catechin > morin > kaempferol; flavone had no effect. Spectral modifications indicated that flavonoids were oxidized during these reactions. When ATP and citrate were used as iron chelators, the level of hydroxyl radical formation was not influenced by the addition of flavonoids. In the presence of ascorbate, flavonoids had little or no effect in assays containing EDTA chelate. In contrast, they were inhibitors of hydroxyl radical formation with ATP and citrate chelates. Based on these results, the role of the iron chelator on the influence of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation in Fenton-type reactions is discussed.

Ascorbate has been previously shown to reduce the short-lived and reactive ferryl [Fe(IV) = O] states of myoglobin and haemoglobin. In this study it is shown that ascorbate is also able to reduce the otherwise long-lived and stable ferryl species [Lb(IV)] formed by the reaction of ferric or ferrous soybean leghaemoglobin with H2O2. The conversion of the ferryl species to ferric Lb, which appears to be moderately fast, is followed by a slow conversion of ferric Lb to oxyLb, by way of dexoy ferrous Lb. No reaction between ascorbate and oxyLb has been observed, in contrast to the previously reported pro-oxidant effect of ascorbate on oxymyoglobin. The addition of ascorbate prior to H2O2 to ferric Lb also prevents the formation of an additional species (which is not observed with myoglobin or haemoglobin); the optical spectra and migration on isoelectric focusing gels of this compound differ markedly from that of Lb(IV). When added after H2O2, ascorbate is able to reduce slowly this additional compound to oxyLb. These reactions are likely to occur in vivo as high ascorbate concentrations have been detected in soybean nodules. The reduction of Lb(IV) to ferric Lb is accompanied by oxidation of ascorbate, which has been detected by loss of the parent molecule in optical experiments and by the direct detection of ascorbate radicals by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Oxidized ferredoxins from Spinacia oleracea or Porphyra unibilicalis react with hydrogen peroxide to form a reactive species that can degrade the sugar deoxyribose. This species is not the hydroxyl radical and its formation is partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase. No hydroxyl radical could be detected when ferredoxins were incubated with hydrogen peroxide, NADPH and ferredoxin reductase at ambient oxygen concentrations, unless chelating agents were added to the reaction mixture. It is concluded that ferredoxin is unlikely to catalyse hydroxyl radical formation in illuminated plant tissues, but that it may form a different highly-oxidizing radical species.