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Philanthropic efforts on behalf of basic research span a range of modalities, from assistance for individual investigators to the establishment of research institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that U.S. President Barack Obama has proposed increasing research and development (R&D) expenditures amid a frozen overall federal budget for fiscal year (FY) 2011. However, he proposes an uneven budget for FY 2013 compared to the budget for FY 2012. It reveals that some physics programs of the U.S. Department of Defense will face significant cuts due to the passing of Budget Control Act of 2011.

The article discusses the move of the state of Texas to establish its own academy of science in an effort to acquire greater share of the declining federal research budget. The initiative was adopted by the example of Virginia to create more cross-collaboration, increase membership, and elevate science in the state. It also notes that Virginia became the second most populous state and has garnered $1.6 billion for university research and development (R&D).

The article reports on the final budget proposal released by U.S. President Barack Obama in February 2016. It mentions the budget proposed by Obama for the research and development (R&D) allocations of the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It notes that the budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has declined compared from its current-year level.

The article reports that university research and development spending in the U.S. grew by 6.3 percent during 2011.