Search

We reexamine the inverse Primakoff scattering of axions, whose scattering cross section depends on the distribution of electrons in target atoms. We evaluate it using a form factor computed with a relativistic Hartree-Fock wave function and compare it with the previous results obtained with those based on the screened Coulomb potential for the electrostatic field in the atom. We take xenon as an example for the target atom and show that the scattering cross section was overestimated by more than an order of magnitude for axions with $\lesssim O(10)$ keV energies, like solar axions. It is also found that inelastic scattering processes, in which the final state contains an excited or ionized atom, can be comparable or even be dominant when the size of momentum transfer is $\lesssim 1$ keV. For more energetic axions, on the other hand, the total scattering cross section is found to be well approximated by a simple expression and has little dependence on the atomic structure. As an application of this result, we consider supernova axions, whose energy is 10-100 MeV, and show that $O(1)$ inverse Primakoff events are expected for axions from a nearby supernova in the future neutrino experiments, which may warrant a more detailed study on the search strategy of this process., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures; published version

Using dispersion theory with an improved description of the two-pion continuum based on the precise Roy-Steiner analysis of pion-nucleon scattering, we analyze recent data from electron-proton scattering. This allows for a high-precision determination of the electric and magnetic radius of the proton, $r_E = (0.838^{+0.005}_{-0.004}{}^{+0.004}_{-0.003})\,$fm and $r_M = (0.847\pm{0.004}\pm{0.004})\,$fm, where the first error refers to the fitting procedure using bootstrap and the data while the second one refers to the systematic uncertainty related to the underlying spectral functions., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, more discussions and references added, version accepted for publication in Physics Letters B

In this paper we have implemented quantum corrections for the Schwarzschild black hole metric using the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) in order to investigate the scattering process. We mainly compute, at the low energy limit, the differential scattering and absorption cross section by using the partial wave method. We determine the phase shift analytically and verify that these quantities are modified by the GUP. We found that due to the quantum corrections from the GUP the absorption is not zero as the mass parameter goes to zero. A numerical analysis has also been performed for arbitrary frequencies., 10 pages, 4 figures, references added

The recent Xenon1T excess can be explained by solar neutrino scattering with electron via a light mediator, either scalar or vector, in addition to many other explanations from the dark sector. Since only the recoil electron is observable, a keV sterile neutrino instead of an active neutrino can appear in the final state. The sterile neutrino allows pseudoscalar mediator to explain the Xenon1T excess which was thought impossible. In addition, nonzero recoil energy lower bound arises from the sterile neutrino mass, which can be used to testify if the sterile neutrino is massive or not. We also briefly discuss the case of a sterile neutrino final state with light $Z'$ mediator., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

We study the Single-Parton-Scattering (SPS) production of double quarkonia (J/psi+J/psi, J/psi+Upsilon, and Upsilon+Upsilon) in pp and pp(bar) collisions at the LHC and the Tevatron as measured by the CMS, ATLAS, LHCb, and D0 experiments in the Colour-Evaporation Model (CEM), based on the quark-hadron-duality, including Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) QCD corrections up to alpha_s^5. To do so, we also perform the first true NLO --up to alpha_s^4-- study of the p_T-differential cross section for single-quarkonium production. This allows us to fix the non-perturbative CEM parameters at NLO accuracy in the region where quarkonium-pair data are measured. Our results show that the CEM at NLO in general significantly undershoots these experimental data and, in view of the other existing SPS studies, confirm the need for Double Parton Scattering (DPS) to account for the data. Our NLO study of single-quarkonium production at mid and large p_T also confirms the difficulty of the approach to account for the measured p_T spectra; this is reminiscent of the impossibility to fit single-quarkonium data with the sole 3S18 NRQCD contribution from gluon fragmentation. We stress that the discrepancy occurs in a kinematical region where the new features of the improved CEM are not relevant., LaTeX, 9 pages; 17 figures, 2 tables

Recently published data on the Sachs electric form factor by the PRad collaboration (Nature {\bf 575}, 147-151) are analyzed to investigate their consistency with the known proton charge radius from muonic and electronic hydrogen spectroscopy, as well as theoretical predictions from dispersively improved chiral perturbation theory. It is shown that the latter is fully consistent with the data, and pointers are given how future $e-p$ scattering experiments can lead to an improvement of our knowledge of the form factor in the low-momentum-transfer regime., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 37 references

Small changes in the masses of massive external scattering states should correspond to small changes in the non-perturbative parameterization of form factors in quantum field theory, as long as the relevant energy range is not near strong deformations. Here, the definition of “small” is investigated and applied to SU(3) breaking in semileptonic B(s)→D(s) transitions. When unitarity and analyticity are imposed, the differences in the form factors for semileptonic B→D versus Bs→Ds decays are found to be within O(1%) over the entire kinematic range, not just at zero recoil, which is consistent with results from lattice calculations and differs from the expectation using HQET alone.

The vacuum expectation values of conserved currents play an essential role in the generalized hydrodynamics of integrable quantum field theories. We use analytic continuation to extend these results for the excited state expectation values in a finite volume. Our formulas are valid for diagonally scattering theories and incorporate all finite size corrections., 8 pages, 1 figure, footnote added with references

Stimulated by recent indications that the binding energy of the hypertriton could be significantly larger than so far assumed, requirements of a more strongly bound $^3_\Lambda {\rm H}$ state for the hyperon-nucleon interaction and consequences for the binding energies of $A=4,5$ and $7$ hypernuclei are investigated. As basis a $YN$ potential derived at next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory is employed, Faddeev and Yakubovsky equations are solved to obtain the corresponding $3$- and $4$-body binding energies, respectively, and the Jacobi no-core shell model is used for $^5_\Lambda$He and $^7_\Lambda$Li. It is found that the spin-singlet $\Lambda p$ interaction would have to be much more attractive which can be, however, accommodated within the bounds set by the available $\Lambda p$ scattering data. The binding energies of the $^4_\Lambda {\rm He}$ hypernucleus are predicted to be closer to the empirical values than for $YN$ interactions that produce a more weakly bound $^3_\Lambda {\rm H}$. The quality of the description of the separation energy and excitation spectrum for $^7_\Lambda$Li remains essentially unchanged., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; version that was published in Phys. Lett. B

We assess the potential of using presupernova neutrino signals at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to probe the yet-unknown neutrino mass hierarchy. Using models for stars of 12, 15, 20, and 25 solar masses, we find that if the electron antineutrino signals from such a star can be predicted precisely and the star is within ~440-880 pc, the number of events of electron antineutrino captures on protons detected within one day of its explosion allows to determine the hierarchy at the > ~95% confidence level. For determination at this level using such signals from Betelgeuse, which is at a distance of ~222 pc, the uncertainty in the predicted number of signals needs to be < ~14-30%. In view of more realistic uncertainties, we discuss and advocate a model-independent determination using both electron neutrino and antineutrino signals from Betelgeuse. This method is feasible if the cosmogenic background for neutrino-electron scattering events can be reduced by a factor of ~2.5-10 from the current estimate. Such reduction might be achieved by using coincidence of the background events, the exploration of which for JUNO is highly desirable., 5 pages, 4 figures

We study the discovery potential of axion-like particles (ALP), pseudo-scalars weakly coupled to Standard Model fields, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our focus is on ALPs coupled to the electromagnetic field, which would induce anomalous scattering of light-by-light. This can be directly probed in central exclusive production of photon pairs in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC in proton and heavy ion collisions. We consider non-standard collision modes of the LHC, such as argon-argon collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7$ TeV and proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV to access regions in the parameter space complementary to the ones previously considered for lead-lead or proton-proton collisions. In addition, we show that, using laser beam interactions, we can constrain ALPs as resonant deviations in the refractive index, induced by anomalous light-by-light scattering effects. If we combine the aforementioned approaches, ALPs can be probed in a wide range of masses from the eV scale up to the TeV scale., 23 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

In this paper, we will analyze the short distance corrections to low energy scattering. They are produced because of an intrinsic extended structure of the background geometry of spacetime. It will be observed that the deformation produced by a minimal measurable length can have low energy consequences, if this extended structure occurs at a scale much larger than the Planck scale. We explicitly calculate short distance corrections to the Green function of the deformed Lippmann-Schwinger equation, and to the conserved currents for these processes. We then use them to analyze the pre-asymptotic corrections to the differential scattering flux at finite macroscopically small distances., 10 pages, Accepted in Phys. Lett. B

The emergence of Efimov levels in a three-body system is investigated near the unitarity limit characterized by resonating two-body interaction. No direct evidence of Efimov levels is seen in the three-nucleon system since the triton is the only physical bound state. We provide a model-independent analysis of nucleon-deuteron scattering at low energy by formulating a consistent effective field theory. We show that virtual states evolve into shallow bound states, which emerge as excited triton levels as we drive the system towards unitarity. Even though we consider this specific system, our results for the emergence of the Efimov levels are universal., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

The production of jets in charged-current deep-inelastic scattering (CC DIS) probes simultaneously the strong and the electroweak sectors of the Standard Model; its measurement provides important information on the quark flavour structure of the proton. We compute third-order (N3LO) perturbative QCD corrections to this process, fully differential in the jet and lepton kinematics. We observe a substantial reduction in the theory uncertainty, to sub-percent level throughout the relevant kinematical range, thus enabling precision phenomenology with jet observables., 5 pages, 2 figures. v2: matches published version

Analyzing the neutrino Yukawa effect in the freeze-out process of a generic dark matter candidate with right-handed neutrino portal, we identify the parameter regions satisfying the observed dark matter relic density as well as the current Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. limits and the future CTA reach on gamma-ray signals. In this scenario the dark matter couples to the Higgs boson at one-loop level and thus could be detected by spin-independent nucleonic scattering for a reasonable range of the relevant parameters., Matches with published version

We present our analysis on high energy hadron-hadron scattering in the framework of the holographic QCD. Combining the Brower-Polchinski-Strassler-Tan Pomeron exchange kernel and gravitational form factors of the involved hadrons which are obtained by using the bottom-up AdS/QCD models in the five-dimensional AdS space, we calculate the total cross sections at high energies. We show that our calculations for the nucleon-nucleon scattering agree with the experimental data including the recent ones taken by the TOTEM collaboration at the LHC. The present framework is applicable to any high energy process, in which the strong interaction can be approximated by the Pomeron exchange. We present the results for the pion-nucleon and pion-pion scattering as examples, which can be obtained without any additional parameter because all the adjustable parameters are fixed via the analysis on the nucleon-nucleon scattering. The resulting total cross section ratios are $\sigma_{tot}^{\pi N} / \sigma_{tot}^{N N} = 0.63$ and $\sigma_{tot}^{\pi \pi} / \sigma_{tot}^{N N} = 0.45$, respectively., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; v2: version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B, clarifications added to Section 2 and Section 3; v3: typos in Eq.(11) corrected

Using an effective \sigma/f_0(500) resonance, which describes the \pi\pi-->\pi\pi and \gamma\gamma-->\pi\pi scattering data, we evaluate its contribution and the ones of the other scalar mesons to the the hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering component of the anomalous magnetic moment a_\mu of the muon. We obtain the conservative range of values: \sum_S~a_\mu^{lbl}\vert_S = -(4.51+- 4.12) 10^{-11}, which is dominated by the \sigma/f_0(500) contribution ( 50%~98%), and where the large error is due to the uncertainties on the parametrisation of the form factors. Considering our new result, we update the sum of the different theoretical contributions to a_\mu within the standard model, which we then compare to experiment. This comparison gives (a_\mu^{\rm exp} - a_\mu^{SM})= +(312.1+- 64.3) 10^{-11}, where the theoretical errors from HLbL are dominated by the scalar meson contributions., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables, some misprints corrected in Eq. 4.5 which modifies the results in Table 4 and slightly changes the final result

Searches for neutrino-less double-beta decay ($0\nu2\beta$) place an important constraint on models where light fields beyond the Standard Model participate in the neutrino mass mechanism. While $0\nu2\beta$ experimental collaborations often consider various massless majoron models, including various forms of majoron couplings and multi-majoron final-state processes, none of these searches considered the scenario where the "majoron" $\phi$ is not massless, $m_\phi\sim$~MeV, of the same order as the $Q$-value of the $0\nu2\beta$ reaction. We consider this parameter region and estimate $0\nu2\beta\phi$ constraints for $m_\phi$ of order MeV. The constraints are affected not only by kinematical phase space suppression but also by a change in the signal to background ratio characterizing the search. As a result, $0\nu2\beta\phi$ constraints for $m_\phi>0$ diminish significantly below the reaction threshold. This has phenomenological implications, which we illustrate focusing on high-energy neutrino telescopes. Our results motivate a dedicated analysis by $0\nu2\beta$ collaborations, analogous to the dedicated analyses targeting massless majoron models., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. v2: added App.A w/ phase space integrals, a few added comments, match journal version

Here we report on the first measurements of 255 MeV electron scattering by an ultrathin 0.58 μm Si(111) crystal at angles of incidence less than the Lindhard critical angle. Computer simulations of trajectories in the ultrathin crystal explain the appearance of specific angular distributions of scattered electrons as a sequence of multiple-value connections between the points of incidence and deflection (scattering) angle. This is similar to the classical rainbow scattering (RS) of waves and particles on a three-dimensional (3D) potential. The principal difference is that scattering by the ultrathin crystal under channeling conditions is dependent on two additional parameters – the crystal thickness (longitudinal size of one-dimensional (1D) potential formed by the periodically arranged crystal planes) and the angle between the beam and crystal planes. The results of simulations agree with the experimental data. The obtained results contribute to an understanding of the physics of relativistic sub-GeV electron scattering by ultrathin crystals and allow it to be recognized as the fourth scattering type among doughnut scattering, scattering at planar alignment, and mirroring, i.e., one-dimensional 1D rainbow scattering (1D-RS).

We report the first measurements of the transverse (Px and Py) and longitudinal (Pz) components of the polarization transfer to a bound proton in the deuteron via the H2(e→,e′p→) reaction, over a wide range of missing momentum. A precise determination of the electron beam polarization reduces the systematic uncertainties on the individual components to a level that enables a detailed comparison to a state-of-the-art calculation of the deuteron using free-proton electromagnetic form factors. We observe very good agreement between the measured and the calculated Px/Pz ratios, but deviations of the individual components. Our results cannot be explained by medium modified electromagnetic form factors. They point to an incomplete description of the nuclear reaction mechanism in the calculation.

Effects of the isospin-symmetry breaking (ISB) beyond mean-field Coulomb terms are systematically studied in nuclear masses near the N=Z line. The Coulomb exchange contributions are calculated exactly. We use extended Skyrme energy density functionals (EDFs) with proton–neutron-mixed densities, to which we add new terms breaking the isospin symmetry. Two parameters associated with the new terms are determined by fitting mirror and triplet displacement energies (MDEs and TDEs) of isospin multiplets. The new EDFs reproduce MDEs for the T=12 doublets and T=1 triplets, and TDEs for the T=1 triplets. Relative strengths of the obtained isospin-symmetry-breaking terms are not consistent with the differences in the NN scattering lengths, ann, app, and anp. Based on low-energy experimental data, it seems thus impossible to delineate the strong-force ISB effects from beyond-mean-field Coulomb-energy corrections.

We discuss production of two $\mu^+\mu^-$ pairs in ultraperipheral ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the LHC. We take into account electromagnetic (two-photon) double-scattering production and for a first time direct $\gamma\gamma$ production of four muons in one scattering. We study the unexplored process $\gamma \gamma \to \mu^+\mu^-\mu^+\mu^-$. We present predictions for total and differential cross sections. Measurable nuclear cross sections are obtained and corresponding differential distributions and counting rates are presented., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table

In this paper, we investigate the contributions of hard spectator scattering and annihilation in $B\to PV$ decays within the QCD factorization framework. With available experimental data on $B\to \pi K^{\ast}$, $\rho K$, $\pi \rho$ and $K\phi$ decays, comprehensive $\chi^2$ analyses of the parameters $X_{A,H}^{i,f}({\rho}_{A,H}^{i,f},{\phi}_{A,H}^{i,f})$ are performed, where $X_A^f$ ($X_A^i$) and $X_H$ are used to parameterize the endpoint divergences of the (non)factorizable annihilation and hard spectator scattering amplitudes, respectively. Based on $\chi^2$ analyses, it is observed that (1) The topology-dependent parameterization scheme is feasible for $B\to PV$ decays; (2) At the current accuracy of experimental measurements and theoretical evaluations, $X_H=X_A^i$ is allowed by $B\to PV$ decays, but $X_{H}\neq X_A^f$ at $68%$ C. L.; (3) With the simplification $X_H=X_A^i$, parameters $X_A^f$ and $X_A^i$ should be treated individually. The above-described findings are very similar to those obtained from $B\to PP$ decays. Numerically, for $B\to PV$ decays, we obtain $(\rho_{A,H}^i,\phi_{A,H}^i[^{\circ}]) =(2.87^{+0.66}_{-1.95}, -145^{+14}_{-21})$ and $(\rho_A^f,\phi_A^f[^{\circ}]) = (0.91^{+0.12}_{-0.13}, -37^{+10}_{-9})$ at $68%$ C. L.. With the best-fit values, most of the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data within errors. However, significant corrections to the color-suppressed tree amplitude $\alpha_2$ related to a large $\rho_H$ result in the wrong sign for $A^{dir}_{CP}(B^- \to \pi^0 K^{{\ast}-})$ compared with the most recent BABAR data, which presents a new obstacle in solving "$\pi\pi$" and "$\pi K$" puzzles through $\alpha_2$. A crosscheck with measurements at Belle (or Belle II) and LHCb, which offer higher precision, is urgently expected to confirm or refute such possible mismatch., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures; Accepted for publication in PLB