524 results
Search Results
2. Call for papers: pain management
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United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Standards ,Chronic pain -- Risk factors -- Care and treatment ,Evidence-based medicine -- Usage ,Musculoskeletal diseases -- Complications and side effects ,Pain management -- Standards ,Health - Abstract
In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) published Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. (1) In the United [...]
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- 2016
3. Call For Papers: Pain Management
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- 2017
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4. On 'The American Physical Therapy Association's top five Choosing Wisely recommendations.' White NT, Delitto A, Manal TJ, Miller S. Phys Ther. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140287
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Kathleen A. Sluka, Jan Magnus Bjordal, Oscar Ronzio, and G. David Baxter
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Modalities ,Letter to the editor ,Evidence-based practice ,business.industry ,Psychological intervention ,Alternative medicine ,Foundation (evidence) ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Unnecessary Procedures ,White paper ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Health care ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,Psychology ,Physical Therapy Modalities - Abstract
[ Editor's note: Both the letter to the editor by Bjordal and colleagues and the response by White and colleagues are commenting on the author manuscript version of the article that was published ahead of print September 15, 2014. ] We have read “The American Physical Therapy Association's Top Five Choosing Wisely Recommendations”1 (CWR) with interest. The article will probably have great impact as an official white paper originating from APTA, and it joins a national initiative aimed at reducing health care costs across professions. This is an important and timely initiative, and it is welcomed. The first of the 5 specific recommendations is to limit the use of “passive” physical agents (PAs) because: “A carefully designed active treatment plan has a greater impact on pain, mobility, function, and quality of life.” Within our profession, other interventions such as massage, manipulation, and mobilization also are “passive” modalities (cf, exercise), but they are very seldom labeled as such. Similarly, analgesic medications, injections, and surgery also are “passive” treatments. All of these non–physical therapy-related interventions come with higher risk than physical agents or even manual therapies. Physical agents can provide safe, low-cost management as an alternative to analgesic medications or more invasive procedures, such as injections or surgery. Some physical agents also can be provided to the patient for home use as part of a self-management plan. Additionally, this recommendation is not based on the best available evidence. It is important to remember that the framework for CWR demands identification of certain tests or treatments commonly used “in the absence of evidence demonstrating benefit.” The ABIM Foundation even strengthens the evidence criterion to say that: “there is strong evidence that demonstrates that the service offers no benefit to most patients.”1 The first CWR states, “Don't use passive physical agents except …
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- 2015
5. Does cardiac rehabilitation after an acute cardiac syndrome lead to changes in physical activity habits? Systematic review
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Rita J G van den Berg-Emons, Madoka Sunamura, Ron T. van Domburg, Henk J. Stam, Nienke ter Hoeve, Bionka M. A. Huisstede, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Cardiology
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medicine.medical_specialty ,ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION ,EXERCISE MAINTENANCE ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,MEDLINE ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,CINAHL ,Review ,SECONDARY PREVENTION ,Motor Activity ,UPDATED METHOD GUIDELINES ,LIFE-STYLE CHANGES ,law.invention ,Quality of life ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,QUALITY-OF-LIFE ,COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE ,Acute Coronary Syndrome ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL ,Physical activity level ,Data extraction ,Physical therapy ,business ,POSITION PAPER - Abstract
BackgroundOptimal physical activity levels have health benefits for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and are an important goal of cardiac rehabilitation (CR).PurposeThe purpose of this study was to systematically review literature regarding short-term effects (Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro were systematically searched for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 1990 until 2012.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials investigating CR for patients with ACS reporting physical activity level were reviewed.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Results were summarized with a best evidence synthesis. Results were categorized as: (1) center-based/home-based CR versus no intervention, (2) comparison of different durations of CR, and (3) comparison of 2 types of CR.Data SynthesisA total of 26 RCTs were included. Compared with no intervention, there was, at most, conflicting evidence for center-based CR and moderate evidence for home-based CR for short-term effectiveness. Limited evidence and no evidence were found for long-term maintenance for center-based and home-based CR, respectively. When directly compared with center-based CR, moderate evidence showed that home-based CR has better long-term effects. There was no clear evidence that increasing training volume, extending duration of CR, or adding an extra intervention to CR is more effective.LimitationsBecause of the variety of CR interventions in the included RCTs and the variety of outcome measures in the included RCTs, pooling of data was not possible. Therefore, a best evidence synthesis was used.ConclusionsIt would appear that center-based CR is not sufficient to improve and maintain physical activity habits. Home-based programs might be more successful, but the literature on these programs is limited. More research on finding successful interventions to improve activity habits is needed.
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- 2014
6. From Motor Learning Theory to Practice: A Scoping Review of Conceptual Frameworks for Applying Knowledge in Motor Learning to Physical Therapist Practice.
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Kafri, Michal and Atun-Einy, Osnat
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CINAHL database , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *MATHEMATICAL models , *MEDLINE , *MOTOR ability , *ONLINE information services , *PHYSICAL therapy , *PROFESSIONS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *THEORY , *LITERATURE reviews , *LEARNING theories in education - Abstract
Background The importance of motor learning knowledge for physical therapist practice is well known; however, its application is lacking. Conceptual frameworks that place motor learning knowledge within a clinical context are a potential mediator to overcome this gap. Purpose This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the literature to identify and describe the content of such conceptual frameworks in physical therapy/rehabilitation, including the approaches taken in their development and the "elements" or building blocks of motor learning–based interventions within each conceptual framework. Data Sources The data sources used were PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases. Study Selection Articles that were selected had a primary focus on motor learning and its application in physical therapy/rehabilitation and were published between 2000 and 2017. Data Extraction Twelve of 62 relevant articles met the inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis Papers attempted to translate theoretical knowledge into a coherent, clinically accessible conceptual framework via 3 main approaches: synthesizing selected motor learning elements into original new conceptual frameworks, mapping motor learning elements in current clinical practices, and assembling selected motor learning elements. The elements of motor learning that were common across papers included theoretical concepts (such as "meaningful goal setting" and "active involvement"); practice variables (including the type, frequency, and timing of feedback; the focus of instructions; task breakdown; and the amount, variability, and order of practice); and intervention strategies (task specific and mental practice). Psychological aspects related to self-efficacy and motivation were also considered integral. Limitations Papers published before the year 2000 were excluded. Conclusion The scoping review revealed that the presentation of motor learning elements in a coherent framework encompassed very diverse approaches and used different categorization systems. In addition, to fully grasp the complexity of clinical practice, motor learning should be coupled with other fields of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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7. Reflective Practice in Physical Therapy: A Scoping Review.
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Ziebart, Christina and MacDermid, Joy C
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CINAHL database , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *PHYSICAL therapy , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *RESEARCH funding , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Background Many practitioners experience complex, uncertain, and unique clinical practice situations that can be navigated with reflection. Little is known about the theoretical and pragmatic perspectives of reflection in physical therapy. Purpose The purpose of this paper was to examine the literature on reflection in physical therapy and identify gaps in the literature. Data Source The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO were used to identify articles. Study Selection Studies were selected to describe: (1) theoretical concepts related to reflection, (2) examples of reflection, and (3) the use of reflection in clinical or educational contexts. Data Extraction Authors, year of publication, country of origin, publication type or source, methodology, conceptual approach (including terminology used, definition of terminology used), and practical approach (including theoretical underpinning, context of reflection/reflective practice, and target group) guided the data extraction. Data Synthesis A total of 46 articles were reviewed spanning from 1992 to 2017, which included research studies, field articles, editorials, and a review article. Theoretical underpinnings of reflection were based on the thoughts of Donald Schön. Written approaches to reflection were most common, and reflection was used to inform education, clinical practice, and professional growth. Limitations As with any review paper, there is a certain level of interpretation required when collating and interpreting data. Conclusions Reflection in physical therapy could be advanced by a thorough conceptualization of reflective practice, a broader and deeper pool of research to inform optimal implementation of reflection across the career span from learners to experts, and a clear definition and linkage of reflection to epistemologies of physical therapy practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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8. A Framework and Resources for Shared Decision Making: Opportunities for Improved Physical Therapy Outcomes.
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Moore, Cindy L and Kaplan, Sandra L
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EDUCATION of physical therapists , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *DECISION making , *HEALTH promotion , *MEDICAL protocols , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PATIENT satisfaction , *PHYSICAL therapy , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *PATIENT participation , *PATIENT-centered care , *UNIVERSAL precautions (Health) - Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) is a collaborative approach between clinicians and patients, where the best available evidence is integrated with patients' values and preferences for managing their health problems. Shared decision making may enhance patient-centered care and increase patients' satisfaction, engagement, adherence, and ability to self-manage their conditions. Despite its potential benefits, SDM is underutilized by physical therapists, and frequent mismatches between patients' and therapists' rehabilitation goals have been reported. Physical therapists can use evidence-based strategies, tools, and techniques to address these problems. This paper presents a model for SDM and explains its association with improved patient outcomes and relevance to situations commonly encountered in physical therapy. It describes freely available resources, including health literacy universal precautions, teach-back, motivational interviewing, decision aids, and patient-reported outcome measures that can help physical therapists integrate SDM into their clinical practices. This paper also explains SDM facilitators and barriers, suggests a theoretical framework to address them, and highlights the need for SDM promotion within physical therapy practice, education, administration, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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9. Grip Strength in Women Being Treated for Breast Cancer and Receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy: Systematic Review.
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Van der Weijden-Van Doornik, E. M., Slot, Dagmar E., Burtin, Chris, and van der Weijden, G. A.
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TAMOXIFEN , *AROMATASE inhibitors , *EXEMESTANE , *BREAST tumors , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *GRIP strength , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *PHYSICAL therapy , *PROBABILITY theory , *REGRESSION analysis , *STATISTICS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background. Adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer has increased survival rates; however, it is not without musculoskeletal side effects. Purpose. The purpose of this review was to systematically and critically appraise the available scientific evidence concerning the effect of adjuvant endocrine treatment on grip strength in women being treated for breast cancer. Data sources and study selection. The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medical Database by Elsevier (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched from inception to February 2017 for appropriate papers that could answer the focused question. The searches were independently screened by 2 reviewers. The data from 7 papers that met the eligibility criteria were processed for further analysis. Data extraction and synthesis. The collective data and the statistical analysis of all included studies were summarized and presented in a descriptive manner. If not provided, based on data from the individual included studies, a mean percent change in grip strength was calculated. The included studies evaluating aromatase inhibitors had inconclusive outcomes, and studies with a follow-up of 6 or 12 months showed a percent reduction in grip strength varying from 0.1% to 9.7%. None of the included studies showed a significant decrease in grip strength in tamoxifen users, with a percent reduction in grip strength varying from 1.4% to 2.2%. Limitations. The 7 studies included cohort studies lacking a control group. Conclusions. There is inconclusive evidence for a small decrease in grip strength in women treated for breast cancer who are also receiving aromatase inhibitors. In those that use tamoxifen, grip strength did not change significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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10. How Physically Active Are People Following Stroke? Systematic Review and Quantitative Synthesis.
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Fini, Natalie A., Holland, Anne E., Keating, Jenny, Simek, Jacinta, and Bernhardt, Julie
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CINAHL database , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *PATIENT compliance , *PHYSICAL therapy , *RESEARCH funding , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *WEARABLE technology , *PHYSICAL activity , *STROKE patients , *META-synthesis , *PHYSICAL fitness mobile apps - Abstract
Background. Mobility limitations are common following stroke and frequently lead to poor participation in physical activity (PA). Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe PA across the various stages following stroke (acute, subacute, and chronic). Data Sources. Searches were conducted in 5 databases. Study Selection. Eligible studies included participants with stroke whose PA was quantitatively measured for at least 4 hours in a single session. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts. Data Extraction. One reviewer extracted data and assessed quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Weighted means were calculated for PA outcomes. Data Synthesis. Searches yielded 103 eligible papers including 5306 participants aged 21 to 96 years. Devices (eg, activity monitors) were used in 73 papers, and behavioral mapping (observational monitoring) in 30. Devices show that people with stroke took on average 5535 steps per day (n = 406, 10 studies) in the subacute phase and 4078 steps (n = 1280, 32 studies) in the chronic phase. Average daily walking duration (% measured time) was higher in the chronic phase (9.0%, n = 100) than subacute (1.8%, n = 172), and sedentary time was >78% regardless of time post stroke. Acute data were lacking for these variables. Matched healthy individuals took an average of 8338 steps per day (n = 129). Behavioral mapping showed time in bed was higher in the acute than subacute phase (mean 45.1% versus 23.8%), with similar time spent sitting (mean 37.6% versus 32.6%). Limitations. Limitations of this review include not pooling data reported as medians. Conclusions. Physical activity levels do not meet guidelines following stroke. Time spent inactive and sedentary is high at all times. Increasing PA and developing standardized activity targets may be important across all stages of stroke recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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11. Clinical Decision-Making Tool for Safe and Effective Prescription of Exercise in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From an Interdisciplinary Delphi Survey and Focus Groups.
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Camp, Pat C., Reid, W. Darlene, Chung, Frank, Kirkham, Ashley, Brooks, Dina, Goodridge, Donna, Marciniuk, Darcy D., and Hoens, Alison M.
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DECISION making ,DELPHI method ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,FOCUS groups ,HEALTH care teams ,INTELLECT ,OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases ,RESEARCH methodology ,NURSES ,PATIENTS ,PHYSICAL therapists ,PHYSICIANS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,RESPIRATORY therapists ,SURVEYS ,THERAPEUTICS ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,DISEASE exacerbation - Abstract
Background. Exercise is recommended for people with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), yet there is little information to guide safe and effective mobilization and exercise for these patients. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical decision-making tool to guide health care professionals in the assessment, prescription, monitoring, and progression of mobilization and therapeutic exercise for patients with AECOPD. Design and Methods. A 3-round interdisciplinary Delphi panel identified and selected items based on a preselected consensus of 80%. These items were summarized in a paper-based tool titled Mobilization in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD-Mob). Focus groups and questionnaires were subsequently used to conduct a sensibility evaluation of the tool. Results. Nine researchers, 13 clinicians, and 7 individuals with COPD identified and approved 110 parameters for safe and effective exercise in AECOPD. These parameters were grouped into 5 categories: (1) "What to Assess Prior to Mobilization," (2) "When to Consider Not Mobilizing or to Discontinue Mobilization," (3) "What to Monitor During Mobilization for Patient Safety," (4) "How to Progress Mobilization to Enhance Effectiveness," and (5) "What to Confirm Prior to Discharge." The tool was evaluated in 4 focus groups of 18 health care professionals, 90% of whom reported the tool was easy to use, was concise, and would guide a health care professional who is new to the acute care setting and working with patients with AECOPD. Limitations. The tool was developed based on published evidence and expert opinion, so the applicability of the items to patients in all settings cannot be guaranteed. The Delphi panel consisted of health care professionals from Canada, so items may not be generalizable to other jurisdictions. Conclusions. The AECOPD-Mob provides practical and concise information on safe and effective exercise for the AECOPD population for use by the new graduate or novice acute care practitioner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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12. From Cancer Rehabilitation to Recreation: A Coordinated Approach to Increasing Physical Activity.
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Dennett, Amy M, Peiris, Casey L, Shields, Nora, and Taylor, Nicholas F
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CANCER patients , *CANCER patient rehabilitation , *CANCER relapse , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *CONTINUUM of care , *COUNSELING , *HEALTH promotion , *HEALTH services accessibility , *EVALUATION of medical care , *MEDICAL quality control , *PHYSICAL fitness , *QUALITY assurance , *RECREATION , *RISK management in business , *SELF-efficacy , *SURVIVAL , *HUMAN services programs , *PHYSICAL activity , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Participation in adequate physical activity improves the health status of cancer survivors, enhances their survival, and reduces their risk of cancer recurrence. However, cancer survivors engage in low levels of physical activity and have limited access to rehabilitation services that could increase their participation. No optimal framework has been developed that supports physical activity participation among cancer survivors. Given the growth in numbers of cancer survivors, development of a framework may provide a pathway to facilitate timely and appropriate care. This perspective paper describes the development of the Cancer Rehabilitation to Recreation (CaReR) Framework and its practical implications. The CaReR Framework uses a tailored, stepped approach to guide health services and clinicians on the design and implementation of interventions to promote physical activity among cancer survivors. Implementation of the CaReR Framework will improve continuity and quality of care for cancer survivors and promote physical activity with the ultimate aim of improving health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Reliability and Validity of Play-Based Assessments of Motor and Cognitive Skills for Infants and Young Children: A Systematic Review.
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O'Grady, Michael G. and Dusing, Stacey C.
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MOTOR ability ,CINAHL database ,COGNITIVE testing ,ERIC (Information retrieval system) ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,PLAY ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,INTER-observer reliability ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background. Play is vital for development. Infants and children learn through play. Traditional standardized developmental tests measure whether a child performs individual skills within controlled environments. Play-based assessments can measure skill performance during natural, child-driven play. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to systematically review reliability, validity, and responsiveness of all play-based assessments that quantify motor and cognitive skills in children from birth to 36 months of age. Data Sources. Studies were identified from a literature search using PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases and the reference lists of included papers. Study Selection. Included studies investigated reliability, validity, or responsiveness of play-based assessments that measured motor and cognitive skills for children to 36 months of age. Data Extraction. Two reviewers independently screened 40 studies for eligibility and inclusion. The reviewers independently extracted reliability, validity, and responsiveness data. They examined measurement properties and methodological quality of the included studies. Data Synthesis. Four current play-based assessment tools were identified in 8 included studies. Each play-based assessment tool measured motor and cognitive skills in a different way during play. Interrater reliability correlations ranged from .86 to .98 for motor development and from .23 to .90 for cognitive development. Test-retest reliability correlations ranged from .88 to .95 for motor development and from .45 to .91 for cognitive development. Structural validity correlations ranged from .62 to .90 for motor development and from .42 to .93 for cognitive development. One study assessed responsiveness to change in motor development. Limitations. Most studies had small and poorly described samples. Lack of transparency in data management and statistical analysis was common. Conclusions. Play-based assessments have potential to be reliable and valid tools to assess cognitive and motor skills, but higher-quality research is needed. Psychometric properties should be considered for each play-based assessment before it is used in clinical and research practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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14. Measurement Properties of the Craniocervical Flexion Test: A Systematic Review.
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Araujo, Francisco Xavier de, Ferreira, Giovanni E, Schell, Maurício Scholl, Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi de, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, and Silva, Marcelo Faria
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INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *RANGE of motion of joints , *MEDLINE , *NECK muscles , *PHYSICAL therapy , *SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Objective Patients with neck pain commonly have altered activity of the neck muscles. The craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) is used to assess the function of the deep neck flexor muscles in patients with musculoskeletal neck disorders. Systematic reviews summarizing the measurement properties of the CCFT are outdated. The objective of this study was to systematically review the measurement properties of the CCFT for assessing the deep neck flexor muscles. Methods The data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched in April 2019. Studies of any design that reported at least 1 measurement property of the CCFT for assessing the deep neck flexor muscles were selected. Two reviewers independently extracted data and rated the risk of bias of individual studies using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk-of-bias checklist. The overall rating for each measurement property was classified as "positive," "indeterminate," or "negative." The overall rating was accompanied with a level of evidence. Results Fourteen studies were included in the data synthesis. The ratings were positive, and the level of evidence was moderate for interrater and intrarater reliability and convergent validity. There was conflicting rating and level of evidence for discriminative validity. Measurement error was indeterminate, with an unknown level of evidence. Responsiveness was negative, with a limited level of evidence. A limitation of this study was that only papers published in English were included. Conclusions The CCFT is a valid and reliable test that can be used in clinical practice as an assessment test. Because of the conflicting and low-quality evidence, caution is advised when using the CCFT as a discriminative test and as an outcome measure. Future better-designed studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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15. Pathomechanics Underlying Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: Theoretical Framework to Inform Clinical Practice.
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Cannon, Jordan, Weber, Alexander E, Park, Seol, Mayer, Erik N, and Powers, Christopher M
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CONCEPTUAL structures , *HIP joint , *INFLAMMATION , *KINEMATICS , *PELVIS , *PHYSICAL therapy , *RISK assessment , *FIBROSIS , *GLUTEAL muscles , *AT-risk people , *DISEASE progression , *PHYSICAL activity , *FEMORACETABULAR impingement , *DISEASE complications , *DISEASE risk factors , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a marked increase in attention to, and interest in, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Despite continued efforts by researchers and clinicians, the development, progression, and appropriate treatment of FAIS remains unclear. While research across various disciplines has provided informative work in various areas related to FAIS, the underlying pathomechanics, time history, and interaction between known risk factors and symptoms remain poorly understood. The purpose of this perspective is to propose a theoretical framework that describes a potential pathway for the development and progression of FAIS. This paper aims to integrate relevant knowledge and understanding from the growing literature related to FAIS to provide a perspective that can inform future research and intervention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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16. What Really Works in Intervention? Using Fidelity Measures to Support Optimal Outcomes.
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An, Mihee, Dusing, Stacey C, Harbourne, Regina T, Sheridan, Susan M, and Consortium, START-Play
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MEDICAL quality control , *MEDICAL protocols , *PHARMACEUTICAL arithmetic , *PHYSICAL therapy , *PHYSICAL therapy research , *PATIENT participation , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *HUMAN services programs ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
A critical factor to move the field of physical therapy forward is the measurement of fidelity during comparisons of interventions. Fidelity translates as "faithfulness"; thus, fidelity of intervention means faithful and correct implementation of the key components of a defined intervention. Fidelity measurement guards against deviations from, or drift in, the delivery of a targeted intervention, a process necessary for evaluating the efficacy of rehabilitation approaches. Importantly, attention to fidelity measurement differentiates rehabilitation approaches from each other. However, earlier research comparing physical therapist interventions often reported findings without careful attention to fidelity measurement. The purpose of this paper is 2-fold: (1) to support the development of intervention-specific fidelity measures in physical therapy research as the gold standard for translating research findings to clinical practice, and (2) to describe the process of creating a multi-dimensional fidelity measurement instrument in rehabilitation intervention. Improved attention to fidelity measurement will allow the rehabilitation field to communicate interventions clearly with a direct link to outcomes and target the implementation of our improved intervention for the right patient problem with the right dose and the right ingredients at the right time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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17. Clinically Integrated Physical Therapist Practice in Cancer Care: A New Comprehensive Approach.
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Barnes, Christopher A, Stout, Nicole L, Varghese, Thomas K, Ulrich, Cornelia M, Couriel, Daniel R, Lee, Catherine J, Noren, Christopher S, and LaStayo, Paul C
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CANCER patients , *CANCER patient medical care , *CANCER patient rehabilitation , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *LIFE skills , *MEDICAL screening , *PHYSICAL therapy , *MEDICAL triage , *HUMAN services programs , *EVALUATION of human services programs - Abstract
Best practice recommendations in cancer care increasingly call for integrated rehabilitation services to address physical impairments and disability. These recommendations have languished primarily due to a lack of pragmatic, generalizable intervention models. This perspective paper proposes a clinically integrated physical therapist (CI-PT) model that enables flexible and scalable services for screening, triage, and intervention addressing functional mobility. The model is based on (1) a CI-PT embedded in cancer care provider clinics, and (2) rehabilitation across the care continuum determined by the patient's level of functional mobility. The CI-PT model includes regular screening of functional mobility in provider clinics via a patient-reported mobility measure—the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care, a brief physical therapy evaluation tailored to the specific functional needs of the individual—and a tailored, skilled physical therapist intervention based on functional level. The CI-PT model provides a pragmatic, barrier-free, patient-centric, data-driven approach to integrating rehabilitation as part of standard care for survivors of cancer. The model standardizes CI-PT practice and may be sufficiently agile to provide targeted interventions in widely varying cancer settings and populations. Therefore, it may be ideal for wide implementation among outpatient oncological settings. Implementation of this model requires a shared approach to care that includes physical therapists, rehabilitation administrators, cancer care providers, and cancer center administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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18. An Evidence-Based Perspective on Movement and Activity Following Median Sternotomy.
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El-Ansary, Doa, LaPier, Tanya Kinney, Adams, Jenny, Gach, Richard, Triano, Susan, Katijjahbe, Md Ali, Hirschhorn, Andrew D, Mungovan, Sean F, Lotshaw, Ana, and Cahalin, Lawrence P
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THORACIC surgery , *CONVALESCENCE , *DISEASES , *CARDIAC rehabilitation , *MOVEMENT disorders , *PATIENT education , *QUALITY of life , *REOPERATION , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *CARDIOVASCULAR fitness , *BODY movement , *PHYSICAL activity ,PREVENTION of surgical complications ,SURGICAL complication risk factors - Abstract
Cardiac surgery via median sternotomy is performed in over 1 million patients per year worldwide. Despite evidence, sternal precautions in the form of restricted arm and trunk activity are routinely prescribed to patients following surgery to prevent sternal complications. Sternal precautions may exacerbate loss of independence and prevent patients from returning home directly after hospital discharge. In addition, immobility and deconditioning associated with restricting physical activity potentially contribute to the negative sequelae of median sternotomy on patient symptoms, physical and psychosocial function, and quality of life. Interpreting the clinical impact of sternal precautions is challenging due to inconsistent definitions and applications globally. Following median sternotomy, typical guidelines involve limiting arm movement during loaded lifting, pushing, and pulling for 6 to 8 weeks. This perspective paper proposes that there is robust evidence to support early implementation of upper body activity and exercise in patients recovering from median sternotomy while minimizing risk of complications. A clinical paradigm shift is encouraged, one that encourages a greater amount of controlled upper body activity, albeit modified in some situations, and less restrictive sternal precautions. Early screening for sternal complication risk factors and instability followed by individualized progressive functional activity and upper body therapeutic exercise is likely to promote optimal and timely patient recovery. Substantial research documenting current clinical practice of sternal precautions, early physical therapy, and cardiac rehabilitation provides support and the context for understanding why a less restrictive and more active plan of care is warranted and recommended for patients following a median sternotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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19. Measures of Clinical Meaningfulness and Important Differences.
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Collins, John P
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EVALUATION of medical care , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PHYSICAL therapy , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *PREDICTIVE tests , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Measures of clinical significance have been in use for several decades as a means of interpreting clinical findings and patient-reported outcomes. The most common of these measures is the minimal clinically important difference. With the rise in popularity of measurements of clinical significance, several common misconceptions have arisen that may impact their interpretation and application to clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to present a schema for understanding measurement of clinical significance and use this to highlight the reasons why misuse and misinterpretation have occurred. A new measure of clinical significance is then defined that is intended to be resistant to these issues. Clinical significance has long been a topic of importance to researchers looking to make their findings interpretable and has been quantified in diverse ways. 1 Recently, there has been rapidly increasing interest in and use of an assortment of minimal (clinically) important difference measures. The range of their use is illustrated by the publications of reviews and meta-analyses in pain relief, 2 cognitive interventions for dementia, 3 and CT densitometry for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 4 Consensus has not been reached for how clinical significance should be defined. Despite this, current methods fall into 2 distinct approaches. The first estimates measurement error levels, and the other quantifies the ability of the instrument to predict clinical outcomes of interest. The conceptual differences between the 2 approaches have not been clearly delineated in the literature. Further, additional conceptual and practical issues exist for measures using the second approach because it has not previously been framed as a clinical prediction problem. It is the aim of this paper to develop a framework to guide researchers in the use of clinical importance measures and to introduce a new methodology for predicting clinically meaningful change. We first propose 2 types of clinical significance measures relating to what we call the Detection and Clinical Prediction Problems. Next, we discuss weaknesses of existing measures of clinical prediction within this unifying framework. Finally, we define a new measure of clinical significance using predictive values and demonstrate its use with simulated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A Modern Pain Neuroscience Approach in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Clinical Perspective.
- Author
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Goudman, Lisa, Huysmans, Eva, Ickmans, Kelly, Nijs, Jo, Moens, Maarten, Putman, Koen, Buyl, Ronald, Louw, Adriaan, Logghe, Tine, and Coppieters, Iris
- Subjects
- *
LUMBAR vertebrae surgery , *PAIN management , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *ANALGESICS , *CONVALESCENCE , *DECISION making , *CURRICULUM , *GOAL (Psychology) , *INTERNET , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *MEDICAL practice , *NARCOTICS , *NEUROSCIENCES , *PAIN , *PATIENT education , *PHYSICAL therapists , *RADICULOPATHY , *SURGICAL complications , *TEACHING aids , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *CLIENT relations , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *HEALTH literacy , *PHYSICAL activity , *PERIOPERATIVE care - Abstract
Around 20% of patients undergoing surgery for lumbar radiculopathy develop chronic pain after surgery, leading to high socioeconomic burden. Current perioperative interventions, including education and rehabilitation, are not always effective in preventing prolonged or chronic postoperative pain and disability. Here, a shift in educational intervention from a biomedical towards a biopsychosocial approach for people scheduled for lumbar surgery is proposed. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is a biopsychosocial approach that aims to decrease the threat value of pain by reconceptualizing pain and increasing the patient's knowledge about pain. This paper provides a clinical perspective for the provision of perioperative PNE, specifically developed for patients undergoing surgery for lumbar radiculopathy. Besides the general goals of PNE, perioperative PNE aims to prepare the patient for postsurgical pain and how to cope with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Development Through the Lens of a Perception-Action-Cognition Connection: Recognizing the Need for a Paradigm Shift in Clinical Reasoning.
- Author
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Rahlin, Mary, Barnett, Joyce, Becker, Elaine, and Fregosi, Charlene M
- Subjects
- *
MOVEMENT disorder treatments , *COGNITION , *SENSORY perception , *PHYSICAL therapy , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *THEORY-practice relationship , *EARLY medical intervention , *PHYSICAL therapy assessment , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Clinical assessment of movement and posture guides the decision-making process in designing interventions for infants and children with movement disorders. Clinical reasoning is influenced by the therapist's understanding of developmental processes. The views of development grounded in perception-action, dynamic systems, and neuronal group selection theories are well recognized in current literature and supported by a large body of research. Based on the available evidence, intervention must be task-specific, repetitive, and highly salient to the child. Furthermore, it must honor spontaneous exploration and active problem-solving, enhance the child's ability to perceive environmental affordances, and target optimal variability and adaptability of movement and posture. However, a neuromaturational approach to developmental assessment and intervention that relies on "teaching" motor milestones and emphasizes the importance of correcting movement patterns in infants and children developing atypically is still prevalent in the clinic. This perspective paper will: (1) examine evidence in support of a paradigm shift from neuromaturational views toward bringing the concepts of grounded cognition, variability, complexity, and adaptability to the forefront of clinical reasoning; and (2) introduce the Perception-Action Approach as a method of assessment and intervention that may serve as an agent of such a shift by augmenting knowledge translation for the clinician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Health Services Research: Physical Therapy Has Arrived!
- Author
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Resnik, Linda and Freburger, Janet K.
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL research ,PHYSICAL therapy ,PHYSICAL therapy research - Abstract
An introduction is presented wherein the editor discusses reports within the issue on topics including the use of Medicare claims data to simulate alternative cap payment policies, the validity of CMS G-code severity modifiers to detect change in a validated measure of functional status and a study of hospital discharge data from two states.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. PTJ Has No Silo.
- Author
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Craik, Rebecca L.
- Subjects
EDITORS ,PHYSICAL therapy ,RETIREMENT ,SERIAL publications - Abstract
The author reflects on her tenure as editor in chief of "Physical Therapy Journal" (PTJ) where the Editorial Board evolved from one consisting of U.S.-based physical therapists to a board made up of international leaders in physical therapy, medicine and biomechanics. She points out that PTJ's research reports, perspectives and other published papers suggest an exponential growth in evidence with collaborative teams conducting research to help define best practice.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Recommendations From the Common Terminology Panel of the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy.
- Author
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Erickson, Mia, Birkmeier, Marisa, Booth, Melissa, Hack, Laurita M, Hartmann, Julie, Ingram, Debbie A, Jackson-Coty, Janet M, LaFay, Vicki L, Wheeler, Emma, and Soper, Shawne
- Subjects
- *
CINAHL database , *CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *PHYSICAL therapy , *RESEARCH funding , *TERMS & phrases , *CLINICAL competence , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EDUCATION , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
Background In 2015, the American Council for Academic Physical Therapy (ACAPT) developed 3 strategic initiative panels to address integrated clinical education, student readiness, and common terminology for physical therapist clinical education. Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of the work from the Common Terminology Panel. Design This was a descriptive, consensus-based study. Methods Using a consensus process and data that were collected from a review of literature, a document analysis of core and historical professional documents, focus group discussions, and an online open comment period, panel members developed a glossary for physical therapist clinical education. Results The final glossary included 34 terms in 4 categories. The categories included clinical education infrastructure, sites, stakeholders, and assessment. The ACAPT Board of Directors approved the glossary in June 2017, and the ACAPT membership approved the glossary in October 2017. Limitations The focus of the glossary was on physical therapist clinical education. A future, similar project should be undertaken for physical therapist assistant clinical education. Conclusion This process resulted in a comprehensive glossary for physical therapist clinical education; changes to several current terms, including “internship” and “full-time clinical education experience”; and the addition of new terms, including “preceptor” and “site coordinator for clinical education.” New terminology will provide standard language for consistent communication and a common framework for all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Movement System Diagnoses for Balance Dysfunction: Recommendations From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy's Movement System Task Force.
- Author
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Gill-Body, Kathleen M, Hedman, Lois D, Plummer, Laura, Wolf, Leslie, Hanke, Timothy, Quinn, Lori, Riley, Nora, Kaufman, Regina, Verma, Akanshka, Quiben, Myla, and Scheets, Patricia
- Abstract
The movement system was identified as the focus of our expertise as physical therapists in the revised vision statement for the profession adopted by the American Physical Therapy Association in 2013. Attaining success with the profession's vision requires the development of movement system diagnoses that will be useful in clinical practice, research, and education. To date, only a few movement system diagnoses have been identified and described, and none of these specifically address balance dysfunction. Over the past 2 years, a Balance Diagnosis Task Force, a subgroup of the Movement System Task Force of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy, focused on developing diagnostic labels (or diagnoses) for individuals with balance problems. This paper presents the work of the task force that followed a systematic process to review available diagnostic frameworks related to balance, identify 10 distinct movement system diagnoses that reflect balance dysfunction, and develop complete descriptions of examination findings associated with each balance diagnosis. A standardized approach to movement analysis of core tasks, the Framework for Movement Analysis developed by the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy Movement Analysis Task Force, was integrated into the examination and diagnostic processes. The aims of this perspective paper are to (1) summarize the process followed by the Balance Diagnosis Task Force to develop an initial set of movement system (balance) diagnoses; (2) report the recommended diagnostic labels and associated descriptions; (3) demonstrate the clinical decision-making process used to determine a balance diagnosis and develop a plan of care; and (4) identify next steps to validate and implement the diagnoses into physical therapist practice, education, and research.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Physical Therapy Is an Important Component of Postpartum Care in the Fourth Trimester
- Author
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Claire J C Critchley
- Subjects
Postnatal Care ,Diastasis, Muscle ,Pregnancy ,Postpartum Period ,Rectus Abdominis ,Humans ,Female ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Physical Therapy Modalities - Abstract
Abstract The objectives of this Perspective paper are to educate physical therapists on their important role in assessing and treating common pregnancy- and delivery-related health conditions and to advocate for their routine inclusion in postpartum care during the fourth trimester. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) are 2 examples of musculoskeletal disorders associated with pregnancy and childbirth that can have negative physical, social, and psychological consequences. This paper reviews evidence from 2010 through 2021 to discuss the efficacy of physical therapist intervention in the fourth trimester for PFD and DRA. The role of physical therapy in the United States is compared with its role in other developed nations, with the intent of illustrating the potential importance of physical therapy in postpartum care. Evidence shows physical therapy is an effective, low-risk, therapeutic approach for PFD and DRA; however, physical therapists in the United States currently have a peripheral role in providing postpartum care. Lack of awareness, social stigma, and policy barriers prevent women from receiving physical therapist care. Recommendations are made regarding ways in which physical therapists can increase their involvement in the fourth trimester within their community, stimulate policy change, and promote improved postpartum care practices. Impact This Perspective highlights the valuable role of physical therapist assessment and treatment during the postpartum period for some common musculoskeletal conditions associated with pregnancy and delivery.
- Published
- 2022
27. Sleep Health Promotion: Practical Information for Physical Therapists.
- Author
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Siengsukon, Catherine F., Al-dughmi, Mayis, and Stevens, Suzanne
- Subjects
- *
COGNITION , *HEALTH promotion , *LEARNING , *MEDICAL screening , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *PATIENT education , *PHYSICAL therapists , *PROFESSIONS , *REHABILITATION , *SLEEP , *SLEEP disorders , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *SLEEP hygiene , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Sleep disturbances occur in one third of the US population, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control has deemed insufficient sleep to be a public health problem. Knowledge about sleep and skills to screen sleep disorders and to promote sleep health have been recommended for physical therapists. Furthermore, in survey studies, physical therapists overwhelmingly agree that sleep is important for health and poor sleep impairs function. Sleep is critical for the proper functioning of the body, including immune function, tissue healing, pain modulation, cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and learning and memory. Sleep disruptions occur across the life span and in individuals with various conditions that are typically treated by physical therapists. Therefore, the purpose of this perspective paper is to (1) discuss the relevance of sleep to physical therapist practice, (2) recommend tools to screen for the 3 most common sleep disorders, and (3) provide suggestions for how therapists can integrate sleep health in prevention, health promotion, and wellness interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Influence of a Short-Term Disability Awareness Program on Knowledge and Attitudes of School-Aged Children in Southern Belize: Results of a Community-University Partnership.
- Author
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Magnusson, Dawn M., Cal, Francisco, and Boissonnault, Jill S.
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION of people with disabilities , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *STATISTICAL correlation , *CURRICULUM , *HEALTH education , *INTELLECT , *PROBABILITY theory , *REGRESSION analysis , *STUDENT attitudes , *SURVEYS , *HUMAN services programs , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *REPEATED measures design , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ATTITUDES toward disabilities - Abstract
Background. Little is known about the attitudes of children living in Central America toward people with disabilities or the effectiveness of a disability awareness program in influencing their knowledge and attitudes. Objective. The study objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of a disability awareness program in influencing Belizean children's knowledge of and attitudes toward people with disabilities in the immediate short term and to describe the development of a university-community partnership that resulted in the development of a culturally appropriate disability awareness program. Design. This was a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study with cluster sampling. Methods. Study participants included 247 children (11-14 years old) from 8 primary schools in Toledo District, Belize. A paper-based disability awareness survey measuring knowledge of and attitudes toward people with disabilities was administered before and after an intervention. The intervention was a 90-minute multimodal disability awareness program. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to model the influence of the intervention on knowledge of and attitudes toward people with disabilities. Results. Significant improvements in knowledge of and attitudes toward people with disabilities were evident immediately after the intervention. Limitations. Children were not randomized to a control group. Although this feature was a limitation in terms of study design, the researchers believed that respecting the wishes of the school principals by providing the disability awareness intervention to all students was important. Conclusions. This study provided an example of how a university-community partnership can positively influence community outcomes. Further research is needed to assess long-term changes in Belizean children's knowledge of, attitudes toward, and behaviors toward people with disabilities, as well as the social inclusion and participation of children with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Importance and Difficulties of Pursuing rTMS Research in Acute Stroke.
- Author
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Carey, James R., Chappuis, Diane M., Finkelstein, Marsha J., Frost, Kate L., Leuty, Lynette K., McNulty, Allison L., Oddsson, Lars I. E., Seifert, Erin M., and Kimberley, Teresa J.
- Subjects
- *
STROKE treatment , *CONVALESCENCE , *CRITICAL care medicine , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *NEUROPLASTICITY , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *STROKE , *TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *HUMAN research subjects , *PATIENT selection - Abstract
Although much research has been done on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in chronic stroke, only sparse research has been done in acute stroke despite the particularly rich potential for neuroplasticity in this stage. We attempted a preliminary clinical trial in one active, high-quality inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) in the United States. But after enrolling only 4 patients in the grant period, the study was stopped because of low enrollment. The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective describing the important physiologic rationale for including rTMS in the early phase of stroke, the reasons for our poor patient enrollment in our attempted study, and recommendations to help future studies succeed. We conclude that, if scientists and clinicians hope to enhance stroke outcomes, more attention must be directed to leveraging conventional rehabilitation with neuromodulation in the acute phase of stroke when the capacity for neuroplasticity is optimal. Difficulties with patient enrollment must be addressed by reassessing traditional inclusion and exclusion criteria. Factors that shorten patients' length of stay in the IRF must also be reassessed at all policy-making levels to make ethical decisions that promote higher functional outcomes while retaining cost consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Particularizing an Internal Morality of Physical Therapy
- Author
-
Gorman-Badar, Debra
- Abstract
While the American Physical Therapy Association has upheld a code of ethics since 1935, the philosophical underpinnings of physical therapist practice have yet to be robustly explicated. Theoretical work in the field of philosophy of medicine can be engaged to study physical therapist practice. Modifying the phenomenological and teleological framework of Edmund Pellegrino, a physician and prominent bioethicist, the purpose of this theoretical paper is to particularize Pellegrino’s philosophy of medicine to construct an internal morality of physical therapy. Acknowledging that the internal morality of health care professions is founded in the relationship between a patient and a health care professional, this paper analyzes the nature and telos, or end, of physical therapy through 3 phenomena of physical therapy—the fact of disability, the act of profession, and the act of physical therapy. This paper claims that, rather than medicine’s clinical truth of a goodtreatment decision, physical therapy’s clinical truth is a goodprocess that capacitates patients. This relational approach to an internal morality robustly underpins a philosophy and ethics of physical therapy.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Turning Over the Hourglass
- Author
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Shields, Richard K.
- Abstract
Richard K Shields, PT, PhD,has contributed to the physical therapy profession as a clinician, scientist, and academic leader (Fig. 1).Dr Shields is professor and department executive officer of the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science at the University of Iowa. He completed a certificate in physical therapy from the Mayo Clinic, an MA degree in physical therapy, and a PhD in exercise science from the University of Iowa.Dr Shields developed a fundamental interest in basic biological principles while at the Mayo Clinic. As a clinician, he provided acute inpatient care to individuals with spinal cord injury. This clinical experience prompted him to pursue a research career exploring the adaptive plasticity of the human neuromusculoskeletal systems. As a scientist and laboratory director, he developed a team of professionals who understand the entire disablement model, from molecular signaling to the psychosocial factors that impact health-related quality of life. His laboratory has been continuously funded by the National Institutes of Health since 2000 with more than ${\$}$15 million in total investigator-initiated support. He has published 110 scientific papers and presented more than 300 invited lectures.A past president of the Foundation for Physical Therapy, Dr Shields is a Catherine Worthingham Fellow of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) and has been honored with APTA’s Marian Williams Research Award, the Charles Magistro Service Award, and the Maley Distinguished Research Award. He also received the University of Iowa's Distinguished Mentor Award, Collegiate Teaching Award, and the Regents Award for Faculty Excellence.Dr Shields is a member of the National Advisory Board for Rehabilitation Research and serves as the liaison member on the Council to the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Movement System Diagnoses for Balance Dysfunction: Recommendations From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy’s Movement System Task Force
- Author
-
Myla Quiben, Patricia L. Scheets, Akanshka Verma, Nora Riley, Lois D. Hedman, Leslie Wolf, Timothy A. Hanke, Kathleen M Gill-Body, Regina R. Kaufman, Laura Plummer, and Lori Quinn
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Process (engineering) ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Systematic process ,Medical diagnosis ,medicine.symptom ,Set (psychology) ,Psychology ,Vision statement ,Balance problems ,Balance (ability) - Abstract
The movement system was identified as the focus of our expertise as physical therapists in the revised vision statement for the profession adopted by the American Physical Therapy Association in 2013. Attaining success with the profession’s vision requires the development of movement system diagnoses that will be useful in clinical practice, research, and education. To date, only a few movement system diagnoses have been identified and described, and none of these specifically address balance dysfunction. Over the past 2 years, a Balance Diagnosis Task Force, a subgroup of the Movement System Task Force of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy, focused on developing diagnostic labels (or diagnoses) for individuals with balance problems. This paper presents the work of the task force that followed a systematic process to review available diagnostic frameworks related to balance, identify 10 distinct movement system diagnoses that reflect balance dysfunction, and develop complete descriptions of examination findings associated with each balance diagnosis. A standardized approach to movement analysis of core tasks, the Framework for Movement Analysis developed by the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy Movement Analysis Task Force, was integrated into the examination and diagnostic processes. The aims of this perspective paper are to (1) summarize the process followed by the Balance Diagnosis Task Force to develop an initial set of movement system (balance) diagnoses; (2) report the recommended diagnostic labels and associated descriptions; (3) demonstrate the clinical decision-making process used to determine a balance diagnosis and develop a plan of care; and (4) identify next steps to validate and implement the diagnoses into physical therapist practice, education, and research. Impact The development and use of diagnostic labels to classify distinct movement system problems is needed in physical therapy. The 10 balance diagnosis proposed can aid in clinical decision making regarding intervention.
- Published
- 2021
33. Obesity Hurts: The Why and How of Integrating Weight Reduction With Chronic Pain Management
- Author
-
Inge Huybrechts, Arturo Quiroz Marnef, Ömer Elma, Sevilay Tümkaya Yilmaz, Peter Clarys, Anneleen Malfliet, Tom Deliens, Jo Nijs, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Pain in Motion, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, and Movement and Sport Sciences
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Chronic Pain/therapy ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Overweight ,Scientific evidence ,Weight loss ,Intervention (counseling) ,Weight Loss ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pain Management ,Pain Management/methods ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,business.industry ,Perspective (graphical) ,Chronic pain ,Precision medicine ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Physical therapy ,Overweight/therapy ,medicine.symptom ,Chronic Pain ,business - Abstract
Amongst adults with chronic pain, overweight and obesity are highly prevalent. The association between chronic pain and overweight is driven by several explanations, including increased biomechanical load, changes in the gut microbiome, and low-grade (neuro)inflammation. Moreover, the link between overweight, obesity and chronic pain can best be considered from a lifestyle perspective. Since conservative treatment for chronic pain is often limited to short-term and small effects, addressing important comorbidities within a lifestyle approach could be the next step towards precision medicine for these patients. Indeed, evidence shows that combining weight reduction with conservative pain management is more effective to reduce pain and disability, compared to either intervention alone. This perspective article aims to update the reader with the current understanding of the possible explanatory mechanisms behind the interaction between overweight/obesity and chronic pain in an adult population. Second, this paper applies this knowledge to clinical practice, including assessment and conservative treatment of overweight/obesity in adults with chronic pain. Henceforth, clinical recommendations and guidelines are provided based on available scientific evidence and the authors’ clinical expertise. Impact This paper will guide clinicians in the implementation of weight reduction programs within pain management.
- Published
- 2021
34. From Motor Learning Theory to Practice: A Scoping Review of Conceptual Frameworks for Applying Knowledge in Motor Learning to Physical Therapist Practice
- Author
-
Michal Kafri and Osnat Atun-Einy
- Subjects
Physical Therapy Specialty ,030506 rehabilitation ,Formative Feedback ,Movement ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Context (language use) ,Patient Care Planning ,Translational Research, Biomedical ,Formative assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Goal setting ,Curriculum ,Motor skill ,Rehabilitation ,Self Efficacy ,Physical Therapists ,Conceptual framework ,Categorization ,Motor Skills ,0305 other medical science ,Motor learning ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Background The importance of motor learning knowledge for physical therapist practice is well known; however, its application is lacking. Conceptual frameworks that place motor learning knowledge within a clinical context are a potential mediator to overcome this gap. Purpose This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the literature to identify and describe the content of such conceptual frameworks in physical therapy/rehabilitation, including the approaches taken in their development and the “elements” or building blocks of motor learning–based interventions within each conceptual framework. Data Sources The data sources used were PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases. Study Selection Articles that were selected had a primary focus on motor learning and its application in physical therapy/rehabilitation and were published between 2000 and 2017. Data Extraction Twelve of 62 relevant articles met the inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis Papers attempted to translate theoretical knowledge into a coherent, clinically accessible conceptual framework via 3 main approaches: synthesizing selected motor learning elements into original new conceptual frameworks, mapping motor learning elements in current clinical practices, and assembling selected motor learning elements. The elements of motor learning that were common across papers included theoretical concepts (such as “meaningful goal setting” and “active involvement”); practice variables (including the type, frequency, and timing of feedback; the focus of instructions; task breakdown; and the amount, variability, and order of practice); and intervention strategies (task specific and mental practice). Psychological aspects related to self-efficacy and motivation were also considered integral. Limitations Papers published before the year 2000 were excluded. Conclusion The scoping review revealed that the presentation of motor learning elements in a coherent framework encompassed very diverse approaches and used different categorization systems. In addition, to fully grasp the complexity of clinical practice, motor learning should be coupled with other fields of knowledge.
- Published
- 2019
35. Reflective Practice in Physical Therapy: A Scoping Review
- Author
-
Christina Ziebart and Joy C. MacDermid
- Subjects
Physical Therapy Specialty ,030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Conceptualization ,Reflective practice ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,050301 education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Context (language use) ,Review ,PsycINFO ,CINAHL ,Terminology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Learning ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Reflection (computer graphics) ,0503 education ,Physical Therapy Modalities - Abstract
Background Many practitioners experience complex, uncertain, and unique clinical practice situations that can be navigated with reflection. Little is known about the theoretical and pragmatic perspectives of reflection in physical therapy. Purpose The purpose of this paper was to examine the literature on reflection in physical therapy and identify gaps in the literature. Data Source The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO were used to identify articles. Study Selection Studies were selected to describe: (1) theoretical concepts related to reflection, (2) examples of reflection, and (3) the use of reflection in clinical or educational contexts. Data Extraction Authors, year of publication, country of origin, publication type or source, methodology, conceptual approach (including terminology used, definition of terminology used), and practical approach (including theoretical underpinning, context of reflection/reflective practice, and target group) guided the data extraction. Data Synthesis A total of 46 articles were reviewed spanning from 1992 to 2017, which included research studies, field articles, editorials, and a review article. Theoretical underpinnings of reflection were based on the thoughts of Donald Schön. Written approaches to reflection were most common, and reflection was used to inform education, clinical practice, and professional growth. Limitations As with any review paper, there is a certain level of interpretation required when collating and interpreting data. Conclusions Reflection in physical therapy could be advanced by a thorough conceptualization of reflective practice, a broader and deeper pool of research to inform optimal implementation of reflection across the career span from learners to experts, and a clear definition and linkage of reflection to epistemologies of physical therapy practice.
- Published
- 2019
36. Particularizing an Internal Morality of Physical Therapy
- Author
-
Debra Gorman-Badar
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Morals ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,media_common ,business.industry ,Field (Bourdieu) ,06 humanities and the arts ,Bioethics ,Telos ,Professional-Patient Relations ,Morality ,Philosophy of medicine ,Teleology ,Physical therapy ,060301 applied ethics ,business ,Psychology ,Construct (philosophy) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
While the American Physical Therapy Association has upheld a code of ethics since 1935, the philosophical underpinnings of physical therapist practice have yet to be robustly explicated. Theoretical work in the field of philosophy of medicine can be engaged to study physical therapist practice. Modifying the phenomenological and teleological framework of Edmund Pellegrino, a physician and prominent bioethicist, the purpose of this theoretical paper is to particularize Pellegrino’s philosophy of medicine to construct an internal morality of physical therapy. Acknowledging that the internal morality of health care professions is founded in the relationship between a patient and a health care professional, this paper analyzes the nature and telos, or end, of physical therapy through 3 phenomena of physical therapy—the fact of disability, the act of profession, and the act of physical therapy. This paper claims that, rather than medicine’s clinical truth of a good treatment decision, physical therapy’s clinical truth is a good process that capacitates patients. This relational approach to an internal morality robustly underpins a philosophy and ethics of physical therapy.
- Published
- 2020
37. A Framework and Resources for Shared Decision Making: Opportunities for Improved Physical Therapy Outcomes
- Author
-
Cindy L Moore and Sandra L. Kaplan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Decision Making ,Motivational interviewing ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Health literacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient satisfaction ,Promotion (rank) ,Patient-Centered Care ,medicine ,Decision aids ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Patient participation ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,media_common ,Rehabilitation ,Physical Therapists ,Patient Satisfaction ,Universal precautions ,Physical therapy ,Patient Participation ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) is a collaborative approach between clinicians and patients, where the best available evidence is integrated with patients’ values and preferences for managing their health problems. Shared decision making may enhance patient-centered care and increase patients’ satisfaction, engagement, adherence, and ability to self-manage their conditions. Despite its potential benefits, SDM is underutilized by physical therapists, and frequent mismatches between patients’ and therapists’ rehabilitation goals have been reported. Physical therapists can use evidence-based strategies, tools, and techniques to address these problems. This paper presents a model for SDM and explains its association with improved patient outcomes and relevance to situations commonly encountered in physical therapy. It describes freely available resources, including health literacy universal precautions, teach-back, motivational interviewing, decision aids, and patient-reported outcome measures that can help physical therapists integrate SDM into their clinical practices. This paper also explains SDM facilitators and barriers, suggests a theoretical framework to address them, and highlights the need for SDM promotion within physical therapy practice, education, administration, and research.
- Published
- 2018
38. Grip Strength in Women Being Treated for Breast Cancer and Receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
- Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being - Abstract
Background: Adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer has increased survival rates; however, it is not without musculoskeletal side effects.Purpose: The purpose of this review was to systematically and critically appraise the available scientific evidence concerning the effect of adjuvant endocrine treatment on grip strength in women being treated for breast cancer.Data sources and study selection: The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medical Database by Elsevier (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched from inception to February 2017 for appropriate papers that could answer the focused question. The searches were independently screened by 2 reviewers. The data from 7 papers that met the eligibility criteria were processed for further analysis.Data extraction and synthesis: The collective data and the statistical analysis of all included studies were summarized and presented in a descriptive manner. If not provided, based on data from the individual included studies, a mean percent change in grip strength was calculated. The included studies evaluating aromatase inhibitors had inconclusive outcomes, and studies with a follow-up of 6 or 12 months showed a percent reduction in grip strength varying from 0.1% to 9.7%. None of the included studies showed a significant decrease in grip strength in tamoxifen users, with a percent reduction in grip strength varying from 1.4% to 2.2%.Limitations: The 7 studies included cohort studies lacking a control group.Conclusions: There is inconclusive evidence for a small decrease in grip strength in women treated for breast cancer who are also receiving aromatase inhibitors. In those that use tamoxifen, grip strength did not change significantly.
- Published
- 2017
39. Grip Strength in Women Being Treated for Breast Cancer and Receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
- Author
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Chris Burtin, G.A. van der Weijden, Dagmar E. Slot, and E. M. Van der Weijden-Van Doornik
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ,MEDLINE ,Breast Neoplasms ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,CINAHL ,03 medical and health sciences ,Grip strength ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Survival rate ,Hand Strength ,Aromatase Inhibitors ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Survival Rate ,Tamoxifen ,Data extraction ,Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Estrogen Receptor Antagonists ,business ,medicine.drug ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background Adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer has increased survival rates; however, it is not without musculoskeletal side effects. Purpose The purpose of this review was to systematically and critically appraise the available scientific evidence concerning the effect of adjuvant endocrine treatment on grip strength in women being treated for breast cancer. Data sources and study selection The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medical Database by Elsevier (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched from inception to February 2017 for appropriate papers that could answer the focused question. The searches were independently screened by 2 reviewers. The data from 7 papers that met the eligibility criteria were processed for further analysis. Data extraction and synthesis The collective data and the statistical analysis of all included studies were summarized and presented in a descriptive manner. If not provided, based on data from the individual included studies, a mean percent change in grip strength was calculated. The included studies evaluating aromatase inhibitors had inconclusive outcomes, and studies with a follow-up of 6 or 12 months showed a percent reduction in grip strength varying from 0.1% to 9.7%. None of the included studies showed a significant decrease in grip strength in tamoxifen users, with a percent reduction in grip strength varying from 1.4% to 2.2%. Limitations The 7 studies included cohort studies lacking a control group. Conclusions There is inconclusive evidence for a small decrease in grip strength in women treated for breast cancer who are also receiving aromatase inhibitors. In those that use tamoxifen, grip strength did not change significantly.
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- 2017
40. Has the Italian Academia Missed an Opportunity?
- Author
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Gatti, Roberto, Paci, Matteo, Vercelli, Stefano, and Baccini, Marco
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DECISION making ,PHYSICAL therapists ,PHYSICAL therapy education ,JOB performance ,HEALTH occupations school faculty - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented about the appointment of physical therapists in the Italian academia.
- Published
- 2014
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41. The Value of Qualitative Research in Physical Therapy.
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Jette, Alan M, Delany, Clare, and Lundberg, Mari
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- *
EXPERIMENTAL design , *RESEARCH methodology , *PHYSICAL therapy research , *QUALITATIVE research , *REFLEXIVITY ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
The authors convey their thoughts on the potential value of qualitative research papers in physical therapy. Topics discussed include the transition to a societal focus for the physical therapy profession in the U.S., types of research and commentary that can directly contribute to achieving outward-reaching goals, and ways in which the scientific credibility of qualitative research can be judged.
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- 2019
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42. The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement.
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Tate, Robyn L., Perdices, Michael, Rosenkoetter, Ulrike, Shadish, William, Vohra, Sunita, Barlow, David H., Horner, Robert, Kazdin, Alan, Kratochwill, Thomas, McDonald, Skye, Sampson, Margaret, Shamseer, Larissa, Togher, Leanne, Albin, Richard, Backman, Catherine, Douglas, Jacinta, Evans, Jonathan J., Gast, David, Manolov, Rumen, and Mitchell, Geoffrey
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SERIAL publications ,AUTHORSHIP ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,CASE studies ,PUBLISHING ,STANDARDS - Abstract
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016. As a result of 2 online surveys and a 2-day meeting of experts, the SCRIBE 2016 checklist was developed, which is a set of 26 items that authors need to address when writing about single-case research. This article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated. We recommend that the SCRIBE 2016 is used by authors preparing manuscripts describing single-case research for publication, as well as journal reviewers and editors who are evaluating such manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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43. Measurement Properties of the Craniocervical Flexion Test: A Systematic Review
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de Araujo, Francisco Xavier, Ferreira, Giovanni E., Schell, Maurfcio Scholl, de Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, and Silva, Marcelo Faria
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Physical therapy -- Measurement -- Analysis ,Measuring instruments -- Measurement -- Analysis ,Health - Abstract
Objective. Patients with neck pain commonly have altered activity of the neck muscles. The craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) is used to assess the function of the deep neck flexor muscles in patients with musculoskeletal neck disorders. Systematic reviews summarizing the measurement properties of the CCFT are outdated. The objective of this study was to systematically review the measurement properties of the CCFT for assessing the deep neck flexor muscles. Methods. The data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register ofControlled Trials, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched in April 2019. Studies of any design that reported at least 1 measurement property of the CCFT for assessing the deep neck flexor muscles were selected. Two reviewers independently extracted data and rated the risk of bias of individual studies using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk-of-bias checklist. The overall rating for each measurement property was classified as 'positive,' 'indeterminate,' or 'negative.' The overall rating was accompanied with a level of evidence. Results. Fourteen studies were included in the data synthesis. The ratings were positive, and the level of evidence was moderate for interrater and intrarater reliability and convergent validity. There was conflicting rating and level of evidence for discriminative validity. Measurement error was indeterminate, with an unknown level of evidence. Responsiveness was negative, with a limited level of evidence. A limitation of this study was that only papers published in English were included. Conclusions. The CCFT is a valid and reliable test that can be used in clinical practice as an assessment test. Because of the conflicting and low-quality evidence, caution is advised when using the CCFT as a discriminative test and as an outcome measure. Future better-designed studies are warranted., Worldwide, neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal causes of years lived with disability. (1) It accounts for a high economic and societal burden. (1,2) The point prevalence [...]
- Published
- 2020
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44. A Framework for Movement Analysis of Tasks: Recommendations From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy's Movement System Task Force.
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Quinn, Lori, Riley, Nora, Tyrell, Christine M, Judd, Dana L, Gill-Body, Kathleen M, Hedman, Lois D, Packel, Andrew, Brown, David A, Nabar, Nikita, and Scheets, Patricia
- Abstract
The American Physical Therapy Association's Vision Statement of 2013 asserts that physical therapists optimize movement in order to improve the human experience. In accordance with this vision, physical therapists strive to be recognized as experts in movement analysis. However, there continues to be no accepted method to conduct movement analysis, nor an agreement of key terminology to describe movement observations. As a result, the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy organized a task force that was charged with advancing the state of practice with respect to these issues, including the development of a proposed method for movement analysis of tasks. This paper presents the work of the Task Force, which includes (1) development of a method for conducting movement analysis within the context of the movement continuum during 6 core tasks (sitting, sit to stand, standing, walking, step up/down, and reach/grasp/manipulate); (2) glossary of movement constructs that can provide a common language for movement analysis across a range of tasks: symmetry, speed, amplitude, alignment, verticality, stability, smoothness, sequencing, timing, accuracy, and symptom provocation; and (3) recommendations for task and environmental variations that can be systematically applied. The expectation is that this systematic framework and accompanying terminology will be easily adapted to additional patient or client-specific tasks, contribute to development of movement system diagnostic labels, and ultimately improve consistency across patient/client examination, evaluation, and intervention for the physical therapy profession. Next steps should include validation of this framework across patient/client groups and settings.
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- 2021
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45. Reflection on Nancy T. Watts' Division of Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant Responsibility in Clinical Practice: Future Directions
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Hayward, Lorna M., Sellheim, Debra, Scholl, Jessica, Jensen, Gail, and Chesbro, Steven
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Physical therapy ,Physical therapists ,Labor literature ,Health - Abstract
In 1971, Nancy Watts, PT, PhD wrote a classic paper that explored the tasks, division of labor, and level of supervision for aides, physical therapist assistants, and physical therapists. (1) [...]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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46. A Knowledge Translation Framework for Optimizing Physical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure
- Author
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Dias, Konrad J, Shoemaker, Michael J, Lefebvre, Kristin M, and Heick, John D
- Abstract
The American Physical Therapy Association has supported the development of clinical practice guidelines to promote and support evidence-based practice and reduce unwarranted practice variation. Essential to the success of this effort is the generation of knowledge translation, a concept that emphasizes the translation of global knowledge to an application that can be effectively integrated into clinical practice. The Physical Therapy Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Individuals with Heart Failure published in the Physical Therapy Journalin January 2020 provides a broad base of knowledge related to evidence-based treatment interventions for patients with heart failure. However, the application and integration of this knowledge in clinical practice need further elucidation. Therefore, this perspective paper aims to serve as a complementary knowledge translation resource to the recently published practice guideline to maximize the utilization of contemporary evidence in clinical practice.This resource provides the physical therapist with practical guidance in the management of patients with heart failure by placing research findings in the context of other knowledge and practice norms that can be applied at the point of care and across the continuum of care. We propose a novel ABCDE (assessment, behavior modification, cardiorespiratory fitness, dosage, and education) practical framework. This clinical paradigm is grounded in ongoing physical therapist assessment throughout the episode of care, along with behavior modification, assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, appropriate selection and dosing of interventions, and patient education. Examples highlighting the use of this model in patients with heart failure across the continuum of care are provided for application in clinical care.
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- 2021
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47. Nutrition in Physical Therapist Practice: Setting the Stage for Taking Action.
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Berner, Patrick, Bezner, Janet R, Morris, David, and Lein, Donald H
- Abstract
Diet and nutrition are critical components of health, recovery from disease and illness, performance, and normal growth across the lifespan. Thus, it is important for physical therapists to be knowledgeable about nutrition and to have competency in providing information and guidance to patients/clients. Yet, there is an overwhelming amount of diet and nutrition information available from numerous sources, which makes it difficult to reach conclusions and determine the importance and relevance to patient care. The purpose of this perspective paper is to increase the knowledge and skills of physical therapists by providing guidelines for healthy eating and outlining diet and nutrition information most relevant for physical therapist practice and to clarify professional scope of practice related to diet and nutrition, including boundaries created by law, and the connection between healthy eating and health outcomes, muscle strength, bone health, and wound healing.
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- 2021
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48. Nutrition in Physical Therapist Practice: Tools and Strategies to Act Now.
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Berner, Patrick, Bezner, Janet R, Morris, David, and Lein, Donald H
- Abstract
It has been established that physical therapist practice includes screening for and providing information on diet and nutrition to patients, clients, and the community. Yet, an overwhelming amount of often contradictory diet and nutrition information poses a challenge for physical therapists to identify and maintain knowledge that they can rely on to screen for and discuss these topics with their patients, clients, and community members. The purposes of this perspective paper are to summarize the best known screening tools for general health, diet, and nutrition; provide intervention strategies that can be used to support behavior change related to diet and nutrition; and identify the most relevant resources and approaches from which physical therapist clinicians can build skill in addressing the nutritional needs of patients, clients, and the community.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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49. How Physically Active Are People Following Stroke? Systematic Review and Quantitative Synthesis
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Anne E Holland, Jenny Lyn Keating, Jacinta Simek, Natalie A Fini, and Julie Bernhardt
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030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Behavior ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Walking ,Sitting ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Accelerometry ,medicine ,Humans ,Mobility Limitation ,Stroke ,Sedentary lifestyle ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Checklist ,Data extraction ,Physical therapy ,Observational study ,Sedentary Behavior ,0305 other medical science ,Stroke recovery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background. Mobility limitations are common following stroke and frequently lead to poor participation in physical activity (PA). Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe PA across the various stages following stroke (acute, subacute, and chronic). Data Sources. Searches were conducted in 5 databases. Study Selection. Eligible studies included participants with stroke whose PA was quantitatively measured for at least 4 hours in a single session. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts. Data Extraction. One reviewer extracted data and assessed quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Weighted means were calculated for PA outcomes. Data Synthesis. Searches yielded 103 eligible papers including 5306 participants aged 21 to 96 years. Devices (eg, activity monitors) were used in 73 papers, and behavioral mapping (observational monitoring) in 30. Devices show that people with stroke took on average 5535 steps per day (n = 406, 10 studies) in the subacute phase and 4078 steps (n = 1280, 32 studies) in the chronic phase. Average daily walking duration (% measured time) was higher in the chronic phase (9.0%, n = 100) than subacute (1.8%, n = 172), and sedentary time was >78% regardless of time post stroke. Acute data were lacking for these variables. Matched healthy individuals took an average of 8338 steps per day (n = 129). Behavioral mapping showed time in bed was higher in the acute than subacute phase (mean 45.1% versus 23.8%), with similar time spent sitting (mean 37.6% versus 32.6%). Limitations. Limitations of this review include not pooling data reported as medians. Conclusions. Physical activity levels do not meet guidelines following stroke. Time spent inactive and sedentary is high at all times. Increasing PA and developing standardized activity targets may be important across all stages of stroke recovery.
- Published
- 2016
50. Regenerative Rehabilitation and Genomics: Frontiers in Clinical Practice
- Author
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Jeffrey A. Kleim and Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Subjects
Physical Therapy Specialty ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Regenerative Medicine ,Regenerative medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Professional Role ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Precision Medicine ,Function (engineering) ,media_common ,Rehabilitation ,Modalities ,business.industry ,Patient Selection ,Genomics ,Precision medicine ,Clinical Practice ,Transplantation ,Physical Therapists ,Rehabilitation research ,Engineering ethics ,Periodicals as Topic ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
As collaborative efforts grow between rehabilitation scientists and those working in molecular/cellular technologies, physical therapists increasingly appreciate the relevance of regenerative rehabilitation and genomics in their research and practice. Traditionally, PTJ might not have been considered a natural home for papers focused on regenerative medicine and genomics, but the robust response to our call for papers suggests that the tide is turning. In fact, because of the number of submissions received, what started as a special issue has expanded into a special series . In this editorial introducing the first installment of the series, we provide a framework for the importance of this area to physical therapist practice and highlight the articles that inaugurate the series. The Alliance for Regenerative Rehabilitation Research and Training (AR3T) defines regenerative rehabilitation as “the integration of principles and approaches from the fields of rehabilitation science and regenerative medicine.”1 Regenerative medicine focuses on the enhancement of endogenous stem cell function or the transplantation of exogenous stem cells to repair or replace tissue function that has been lost due to injury, disease, or aging. As such, the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions to restore physical functioning may be enhanced through the use of cellular and other regenerative therapies. Of no surprise to those in the rehabilitation field, regenerative medicine technologies have been shown to benefit from the application of targeted and specific mechanical stimuli. Advances in the field of regenerative medicine offer exciting new opportunities to enhance tissue regenerative capacity where the endogenous response fails, thereby opening up the scope of physical therapist practice where physical therapists are experts in the prescription of physical activity and modalities to promote tissue healing and recovery. The potential to synergize rehabilitation practice and regenerative medicine technologies is elegantly …
- Published
- 2016
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