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Absolute cross sections have been determined following single neutron knockout reactions from {sup 10}Be and {sup 10}C at intermediate energy. Nucleon density distributions and bound-state wave function overlaps obtained from both variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and no core shell model (NCSM) ab initio calculations have been incorporated into the theoretical description of knockout reactions. Comparison to experimental cross sections demonstrates that the VMC approach, with the inclusion of 3-body forces, provides the best overall agreement while the NCSM and conventional shell-model calculations both overpredict the cross sections by 20% to 30% for {sup 10}Be and by 40% to 50% for {sup 10}C, respectively. This study gains new insight into the importance of 3-body forces and continuum effects in light nuclei and provides a sensitive technique to assess the accuracy of ab initio calculations for describing these effects.

We report on the first in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy study of the very neutron-rich nucleus 46S. The N=30 isotones 46S and 48Ar were produced in a novel way in two steps that both necessarily involve nucleon exchange and neutron pickup reactions 9Be(48Ca,48K)X followed by 9Be(48K,48Ar+gamma)X at 85.7 MeV/u midtarget energy and 9Be(48Ca,46Cl)X followed by 9Be(46Cl,46S+gamma)X at 87.0 MeV/u midtarget energy, respectively. The results are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations in the sd-pf shell using the SDPF-NR effective interaction and Z-dependent modifications.

The K{sup 0} meson production by {pi}{sup -} mesons of 1.15 GeV/c momentum on C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb nuclear targets was measured with the FOPI spectrometer at the Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron accelerator of GSI. Inclusive production cross sections and the momentum distributions of K{sup 0} mesons are compared to scaled elementary production cross sections and to predictions of theoretical models describing the in-medium production of kaons. The data represent a new reference for those models, which are widely used for interpretation of the strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions. The presented results demonstrate the sensitivity of the kaon production to the reaction amplitudes inside nuclei and point to the existence of a repulsive KN potential of 20{+-}5 MeV at normal nuclear matter density.

We report on the first in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy study of the very neutron-rich nucleus 46S. The N=30 isotones 46S and 48Ar were produced in a novel way in two steps that both necessarily involve nucleon exchange and neutron pickup reactions 9Be(48Ca,48K)X followed by 9Be(48K,48Ar+gamma)X at 85.7 MeV/u midtarget energy and 9Be(48Ca,46Cl)X followed by 9Be(46Cl,46S+gamma)X at 87.0 MeV/u midtarget energy, respectively. The results are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations in the sd-pf shell using the SDPF-NR effective interaction and Z-dependent modifications.

We report on the first spectroscopy study of the very neutron-rich nucleus (36)(12)Mg24 using the direct two-proton knockout reaction 9Be(38Si,36Mg+gamma)X at 83 MeV/nucleon. The energy of the first excited 2+ state of 36Mg, E(2+(1)=660(6) keV, was measured. The magnitude of the partial cross sections to the ground state and the 2+(1) state is indicative of strong intruder admixtures in the lowest-lying states as suggested by Monte Carlo shell-model calculations.

We report on the first spectroscopy study of the very neutron-rich nucleus (36)(12)Mg24 using the direct two-proton knockout reaction 9Be(38Si,36Mg+gamma)X at 83 MeV/nucleon. The energy of the first excited 2+ state of 36Mg, E(2+(1)=660(6) keV, was measured. The magnitude of the partial cross sections to the ground state and the 2+(1) state is indicative of strong intruder admixtures in the lowest-lying states as suggested by Monte Carlo shell-model calculations.

We present a complete systematics (excitation functions and system-size dependences) of global stopping and side flow for heavy ion reactions in the energy range between $0.09A$ and $1.93A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. For the heaviest system, $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$, we observe a plateau of maximal stopping extending from about $0.2A$ to $0.8A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with a fast drop on both sides. The degree of stopping, which is shown to remain significantly below the expectations of a full stopping scenario, is found to be highly correlated to the amount of side flow.

Detailed studies of the azimuthal dependence of the mean fragment and flow energies in the Au+Au and Xe+CsI systems are reported as a function of incident energy and centrality. Comparisons between data and model calculations show that the flow energy values along different azimuthal directions could be viewed as snapshots of the fireball expansion with different exposure times. For the same number of participating nucleons more transversally elongated participant shapes from the heavier system produce less collective transverse energy. Good agreement with BUU calculations is obtained for a soft nuclear equation of state., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted at Phys. Rev. Lett

Four different combinations of $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr nuclei, both as projectile and target, were investigated at the same bombarding energy of 400$A$ MeV using a $4 \pi$ detector. The degree of isospin mixing between projectile and target nucleons is mapped across a large portion of the phase space using two different isospin-tracer observables, the number of measured protons and the ${\rm t}/^{3}{\rm He}$ yield ratio. The experimental results show that the global equilibrium is not reached even in the most central collisions. Quantitative measures of stopping and mixing are extracted from the data. They are found to exhibit a quite strong sensitivity to the in-medium (n,n) cross section used in microscopic transport calculations., Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 3 figures (ps files), submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Absolute cross sections for a number of binary processes in the /sup 14/N+/sup 159/Tb reaction have been determined by use of ..gamma..-particle coincidence techniques. The data are used to test a ''sum-rule model'' of complete- and incomplete-fusion reactions. The model assumes the reaction probabilities to be scaled by the available phase space and to be constrained additionally by the entrance-channel angular momentum limitations.

The energy dependence of incomplete-fusion reactions /sup 160/Gd(/sup 12/C,..cap alpha..) and /sup 160/Gd(/sup 12/C,2..cap alpha..) has been studied by means of ..cap alpha..-..gamma.. coincidences in the range of bombarding energies 7.5--16.7 MeV/A. Excitation functions are interpreted in terms of a generalized concept of critical angular momentum. An energy threshold (of about 15 MeV/A) is predicted at which projectile fragmentation processes set in rapidly at the cost of the decreasing cross section for binary massive-transfer reactions.