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Recent relativistic mean field (RMF) calculations have provided nuclear distributions of some isotopes whose mass numbers are much larger than atomic numbers. For helium isotopes, the RMF calculation seems to be inappropriate because of the small mass numbers; however, applicable results are obtained for ${}^{6,8}$He nuclei. The author calculates observables of proton elastic scattering from the helium isotopes and discusses relations between observables and nuclear distributions of the isotopes by comparison of the calculated results with experimental data. The calculations are based on relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) at incident proton energy: 71 MeV for ${}^{4,6,8}$He, 300 and 500 MeV for ${}^{4}$He, and 0.7 GeV for ${}^{6}$He. Scattering observables are predicted for ${}^{6,8}$He at 200 MeV.

We study the elastic scattering of polarized protons from He isotopes. The central and spin-orbit parts of the optical potential are derived using the Glauber theory that can naturally take account of the breakup effect of the He isotopes. Both the differential cross section and the vector analyzing power for $p+^{4,6,8}$He scattering at 71 MeV are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Scattering observables at 300 MeV are predicted. The Pauli blocking effect is examined at 71 MeV.

Recent relativistic mean-field calculations have provided nuclear distributions of Ca isotopes whose mass numbers are 60 through 74. We calculate observables of proton elastic scattering from these unstable isotopes and discuss relations between observables and nuclear distributions of such unstable nuclei. The calculations are based on relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) at incident proton energies from 100 through 500 MeV where predictions of RIA have been shown to provide good agreement with experimental data. To validate the use of optimal factorization and first-order calculations at these energies, contributions from the Fermi motion of the target nuclei and multiple scattering are estimated and compared with results calculated without these effects.