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Light interacting with metallic nanoparticles creates a strongly localized near-field around the particle that enhances inelastic light scattering by several orders of magnitude. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering describes the enhancement of the Raman intensity by plasmonic nanoparticles. We present an extensive Raman characterization of a plasmonic gold nanodimer covered with graphene. Its two-dimensional nature and energy-independent optical properties make graphene an excellent material for investigating local electromagnetic near-fields. We show the localization of the near-field of the plasmonic dimer by spatial Raman measurements. Energy- and polarization-dependent measurements reveal the local near-field resonance of the plasmonic system. To investigate the far-field resonance we perform dark-field spectroscopy and find that near-field and far-field resonance energies differ by 170 meV, much more than expected from the model of a damped oscillator (40 meV).

The longitudinal optical phonon of metallic nanotubes shifts by 23 cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to lower energies when the nanotubes are deposited from a solution onto a substrate. The linewidth increases by 13 cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The changes are explained in terms of shifts in the Fermi energy that influence the Kohn anomaly in the longitudinal optical phonon branch in metallic nanotubes. Using in situ electrochemical Raman measurements we show that the Fermi energy is 0.16 eV below its intrinsic value in metallic nanotubes in solution. Our results impact the application of Raman spectroscopy to distinguish between metallic and semiconducting tubes by examining the high-energy mode line shape.