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The CuNi binary alloy can be significant as a catalyst for nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene growth considering controllable solubility of both carbon and nitrogen atoms. Here, we report for the first time the possibility of synthesizing substitutional N-doped bilayer graphene on the binary alloy catalyst. Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirm the growth of bilayer and few-layer graphene domains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the presence of around 5.8 at% of nitrogen. Our finding shows that large N-doped bilayer graphene domains can be synthesized on the CuNi binary alloy. Synthesis of substitutional N-doped bilayer graphene domains on the CuNi binary alloy catalyst. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

We demonstrate a unique strategy to fabricate highly transparent and flexible field electron emitters (FEEs) based on combined carbon nanostructures, i.e., conical nanocarbon structures (CNCSs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The combined structure was prepared by spray coating of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) dispersed SWNTs onto neon ion (Ne+) irradiation induced CNCSs on nafion substrate. The field emission (FE) property of SWCNTs on both flat nafion and CNCSs surfaces increased with increasing the SWCNTs amount. The best FE result was attained for the highest amount of SWCNTs on the CNCSs substrate. This kind of collective structures is found to be effective emitters on transparent and flexible ion-irradiated nafion substrate. Moreover, the combined carbon nanostructures showed improved transparency and emission performance compared to the individual nanostructures. The FE properties of 0.5 ml SWCNTs solution on CNCSs surfaces were equal to those of 1.5 ml SWCNTs solution on flat nafion surface. The hybrid structure based emitters (CNCSs and SWCNTs) produced by this method are lower-cost cathode materials than hybrid structures of SWCNTs and flat nafion. Thus the combined nanostructures of SWCNTs/CNCSs might have huge prospects for the fabrication of efficient transparent and flexible FEEs and their broad application in next-generation portable display devices. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

An efficient cathode material with high transparency (93%) based on conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been developed for the fabrication of highly transparent and flexible field electron emitters (FEE). This kind of material showed superior field emission (FE) performance with very high current density (10–3A/cm2) at very low electric field. The FE performance of the hybrid materials was dramatically improved compared to either SWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS. Thus the hybrid structures of conducting polymer and SWCNTs might be a good choice for use as a cathode material to enhance the FE performance and for potential application in future portable displays. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Highly transparent (transparency 96.5%), flexible and antireflective superhydrophobic (water contact angle >150°) surfaces have been fabricated at room temperature by the ion irradiation method. This one-step fabrication route was fairly easy to carry out without any heat or chemical treatment and can be completed within few seconds. This novel chemical free fabricating strategy could be extended to numerous polymeric substrates to achieve transparent and flexible superhydrophobic structures for their potential applications in diverse fields. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Next-generation nanoelectronic devices require techno-logical features such as light weight, portability, optical transparency and flexibility. This counts also for displays. In future, so-called “head up displays” will be realized on windshields and eyeglasses. Thus, various transparent and flexible displays are being studied at length due to their great potential to make major impact in a wide variety of areas [1, 2]. Apart from conventional displays, field emis-sion devices (FEDs) are considered as quite promising dis-plays and a possible substitute of light emitting diodes (LEDs) due to important advantages such as a wider view-ing angle and faster response compared to LEDs. How- ever, for the past few years very limited attention has been paid towards the fabrication of transparent and flexible FEDs. Thus, it is prime time for developing transparent and flexible FEDs to be used in future displays. Transpa-rency and flexibility, the two main components of FEDs, are essential requirements for realizing the whole device transparent and flexible. Very recently carbon nanomaterial-based transparent and flexible field electron emitters (FEE) were achieved successfully [3–5]. However, a flexible and conductive phosphor with adequate transparency has hardly been realized, which is the significant obstacle for realizing the whole FEDs transparent and flexible. Thus, there is an important challenge to surmount, especially the fabrication of a transparent and flexible phosphor screen before we can realize the entire device transparent and flexible. In an effort to produce a transparent and flexible phos-phor screen on conductive substrate, the direct fabrication of metavanadate phosphors AVO

The direct fabrication of fully transparent conical nanocarbon structures (CNCSs) of controlled nanoscopic dimension on a flexible nafion substrate was achieved, using field electron source, by a novel room temperature ion irradiation technique. By controlling the sizes (below the wavelength of visible light) of the CNCSs, the transparency of the substrate can be tailored satisfactorily. The transparency of the CNCSs was observed to be around 90% in the visible regime depending on the ion irradiation time. Our results suggest that the direct fabrication of well controlled fully transparent CNCSs on any transparent and flexible substrate at room temperature could open a novel route for potential applications in future highly transparent, flexible (bendable), low weight and portable field emission displays (FEDs). (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)