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Background: Chromatography is one of the analytical techniques widely used for the quality control process in the pharmaceutical industry. One of the analytical methods used in drug analysis is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The analysis process of TLC can be performed using densitometry (scanner) or videodensitometry (videoscan). The principal analysis of densitometry (scanner) is based on the density measured from each spot on the TLC plate using a specific wavelength range, and videodensitometry (videoscan) is performed by taking pictures of the plate using a Visualizer at a specific wavelength. Objective: This review article discusses the application of densitometry and videodensitometry methods for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products. Methods: This study was conducted using a systematic review method using the PRISMA statement from January to April 2023. Four databases were searched: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar with inclusion criteria: studies on thin layer chromatography analysis using densitometry and videodensitometry. Results: Based on the ten articles in this study, it is known that the active ingredient concentrations in pharmaceutical products can be determined using densitometry and videodensitometry. The statistical analysis results show no significant difference between the two methods' chemical concentrations of active ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Conclusion: TLC densitometry and videodensitometry is a valid methods analysis that can be used for quantitating the active pharmaceutical ingredient concentration in finished pharmaceutical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) are native Indonesian fruits with numerous health benefits. This study used de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium for fermentation. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms obtained from fermented food or drink (Hamid et al., 2020). Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria, which are known to have various benefits, particularly as antibacterial, are among the active components identified in passion fruit pulp. Objective: This study examinedthe antibacterial activity of red and yellow passion fruits. Methods: Freshly collected passion fruit pulps were fermented in MRS medium in a shaker incubator for 48 hours at 24°C. The filtrates from the fermented broth were tested against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. The analyses applied the streak plate method and the total plate count method. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of red passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were 50% and 60%, respectively, and of yellow passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were both 30%. Meanwhile, the MICs of red passion fruit ferment filtrates were 35% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43 and 25% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47, whereas the MICs of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. favicarpa) ferment filtrates were 25% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43, and 12.5% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47. Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) ferment filtrates became growth inhibitors against the clinical isolates of MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria with an optimal fermentation time of 24 hours and an optimal concentration of 75%. Conclusion: The results of this study found that the fermented filtrates of red and yellow passion fruits in MRS media could be developed as an antibacterial against MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]