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Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antifatigue active fraction from Abelmoschus esculentus. The in vivo antifatigue effects of ethanol extracts and polysaccharides from A. esculentus fruit have been determined. The polysaccharides of A. esculentus were determined as the best effective fractions of antifatigue effects. Materials and Methods: About 360 Kunming male mice were randomly divided into nine subgroups: normal control subgroup, model subgroup, positive subgroup and the ethanol extracts of A. esculentus with high dose (3.2 g/kg) subgroup, medium dose (1.6 g/kg) subgroup and low dose (0.8 g/kg) subgroup, the polysaccharides of high dose (3.2 g/kg) subgroup, medium dose (1.6 g/kg) subgroup, and the low dose (0.8 g/kg) subgroup. The antifatigue effects of ethanol extracts and polysaccharides form A. esculentus were measured by comparing body weight, food intake, swimming time, liver glycogen, serum urea, blood lactic acid as well as visceral parameter in mice. Results: Compared with the model subgroup, other subgroups significantly prolonged swimming time, and high dose polysaccharides administration was the most effective (P < 0.01). High dose polysaccharides significantly increased liver glycogen, serum lactic acid, and serum urea (P < 0.01) in mice. In contrast with model group, the high dose polysaccharides administration could also significantly elevated the parameters of testicles and epididymis (P < 0.01). The study established that the ethanol extracts and polysaccharides of A. esculentus both have antifatigue effects. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that both the ethanol extracts and polysaccharides of A. esculentus have antifatigue effects. The high dosage polysaccharides have significant antifatigue properties. The results will provide the basis for further development and utilization of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a smaller fraction of the total radiation reaching the Earth but leads to extensive damage to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other biomolecules through formation of free radicals altering redox homeostasis of the cell. Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) has been known in Ayurveda as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, demulscent, antispasmodic, diuretic, purgative, etc. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of flavonoids from A. esculentus against UV-B-induced cell damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: UV-B protective activity of ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of okra was studied against UV-B-induced cytotoxicity, antioxidant regulation, oxidative DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic morphological changes, and regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway. Results: Flavonoid-rich EA fraction depicted a significant antioxidant potential also showing presence of rutin. Pretreatment of cells with EA fraction (10-30 μg/ml) prevented UV-B-induced cytotoxicity, depletion of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative DNA damage, intracellular ROS production, apoptotic changes, and overexpression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated for the 1st time that EA fraction of okra may reduce oxidative stress through Nrf2-ARE pathway as well as through endogenous enzymatic antioxidant system. These results suggested that flavonoids from okra may be considered as potential UV-B protective agents and may also be formulated into herbal sunscreen for topical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research will establish the ultraviolet colorimetric method to determine the total flavonoid content in different species and different parts of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Materials and Methods: We establish the reversed.phase high.performance liquid chromatograph (RP-HPLC) method to determine the content of the three flavonoid glycosides in different species and different parts of the A. esculentus. Adopt the NaNO2-Al (NO3)3-NaOH colorimetric method to determine the total flavonoid content; at the same time, adopt the RP-HPLC method to determine the contents of the three flavonoid glycosides. Using the methods of ultraviolet colorimetry and RP-HPLC, we determined and analyzed the total flavonoid content and the content of the three flavonoid glycosides in different species and different parts of A. esculentus. Results: There are great distribution differences of the total flavonoids and the three flavonoid glycosides in different species and parts of A. esculentus. Among them, the content of the effective constituents in the flower is relatively high, next is in the fruit. In the different species of A. esculentus, the content of the flavonoids of finger relatively high. The HPLC method established in this research is simple and convenient and its results are accurate and reliable. In addition, it has a very good repeatability. Conclusion: The results provided the reference data for the medicinal use of A. esculentus and it can be used in quality analyzing of its effective constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antifatigue active fraction from Abelmoschus esculentus. The in vivo antifatigue effects of ethanol extracts and polysaccharides from A. esculentus fruit have been determined. The polysaccharides of A. esculentus were determined as the best effective fractions of antifatigue effects., Materials and Methods: About 360 Kunming male mice were randomly divided into nine subgroups: normal control subgroup, model subgroup, positive subgroup and the ethanol extracts of A. esculentus with high dose (3.2 g/kg) subgroup, medium dose (1.6 g/kg) subgroup and low dose (0.8 g/kg) subgroup, the polysaccharides of high dose (3.2 g/kg) subgroup, medium dose (1.6 g/kg) subgroup, and the low dose (0.8 g/kg) subgroup. The antifatigue effects of ethanol extracts and polysaccharides form A. esculentus were measured by comparing body weight, food intake, swimming time, liver glycogen, serum urea, blood lactic acid as well as visceral parameter in mice., Results: Compared with the model subgroup, other subgroups significantly prolonged swimming time, and high dose polysaccharides administration was the most effective (P < 0.01). High dose polysaccharides significantly increased liver glycogen, serum lactic acid, and serum urea (P < 0.01) in mice. In contrast with model group, the high dose polysaccharides administration could also significantly elevated the parameters of testicles and epididymis (P < 0.01). The study established that the ethanol extracts and polysaccharides of A. esculentus both have antifatigue effects., Conclusions: The results demonstrated that both the ethanol extracts and polysaccharides of A. esculentus have antifatigue effects. The high dosage polysaccharides have significant antifatigue properties. The results will provide the basis for further development and utilization of this plant., Summary: The high dosage polysaccharides have restoration ability on kidney yang deficiency mice.The high dosage polysaccharides have significant effects of relieving body fatigue of mice.The polysaccharide of Abelmoschus esculentus showed better antifatigue effects than the ethanol extracts. Abbreviations used: A. esculentus: Abelmoschus esculentus, BUN: Blood urine nitrogen, LD: Lactic Acid dehydrogenase, AE: Abelmoschus esculentus ethanol extracts, AP: Abelmoschus esculentus polysaccharides, LAC: Lactic acid content.

Background: This research will establish the ultraviolet colorimetric method to determine the total flavonoid content in different species and different parts of Abelmoschus esculentus L., Materials and Methods: We establish the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatograph (RP-HPLC) method to determine the content of the three flavonoid glycosides in different species and different parts of the A. esculentus. Adopt the NaNO2-Al (NO3)3-NaOH colorimetric method to determine the total flavonoid content; at the same time, adopt the RP-HPLC method to determine the contents of the three flavonoid glycosides. Using the methods of ultraviolet colorimetry and RP-HPLC, we determined and analyzed the total flavonoid content and the content of the three flavonoid glycosides in different species and different parts of A. esculentus., Results: There are great distribution differences of the total flavonoids and the three flavonoid glycosides in different species and parts of A. esculentus. Among them, the content of the effective constituents in the flower is relatively high, next is in the fruit. In the different species of A. esculentus, the content of the flavonoids of finger relatively high. The HPLC method established in this research is simple and convenient and its results are accurate and reliable. In addition, it has a very good repeatability., Conclusion: The results provided the reference data for the medicinal use of A. esculentus and it can be used in quality analyzing of its effective constituents.