1. Effects of Three Kinds of Carbohydrate Pharmaceutical Excipients-Fructose, Lactose and Arabic Gum on Intestinal Absorption of Gastrodin through Glucose Transport Pathway in Rats.
- Author
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Chen Z, Chen J, Wang L, Wang W, Zheng J, Wu S, Sun Y, Pan Y, Li S, Liu M, and Cai Z
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa drug effects, Biological Transport drug effects, Permeability drug effects, Intestinal Absorption drug effects, Fructose, Glucosides pharmacology, Glucosides administration & dosage, Glucosides pharmacokinetics, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 metabolism, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 genetics, Gum Arabic, Glucose Transporter Type 2 metabolism, Glucose Transporter Type 2 genetics, Excipients chemistry, Excipients pharmacology, Glucose metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Lactose chemistry, Benzyl Alcohols pharmacology, Benzyl Alcohols pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Background: Some glucoside drugs can be transported via intestinal glucose transporters (IGTs), and the presence of carbohydrate excipients in pharmaceutical formulations may influence the absorption of them. This study, using gastrodin as probe drug, aimed to explore the effects of fructose, lactose, and arabic gum on intestinal drug absorption mediated by the glucose transport pathway., Methods: The influence of fructose, lactose, and arabic gum on gastrodin absorption was assessed via pharmacokinetic experiments and single-pass intestinal perfusion. The expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and sodium-independent glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) was quantified via RT‒qPCR and western blotting. Alterations in rat intestinal permeability were evaluated through H&E staining, RT‒qPCR, and immunohistochemistry., Results: Fructose reduced the area under the curve (AUC) and peak concentration (C
max ) of gastrodin by 42.7% and 63.71%, respectively (P < 0.05), and decreased the effective permeability coefficient (Peff ) in the duodenum and jejunum by 58.1% and 49.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression and intestinal permeability remained unchanged. Lactose enhanced the AUC and Cmax of gastrodin by 31.5% and 65.8%, respectively (P < 0.05), and increased the Peff in the duodenum and jejunum by 33.7% and 26.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). SGLT1 and GLUT2 levels did not significantly differ, intestinal permeability increased. Arabic gum had no notable effect on pharmacokinetic parameters, SGLT1 or GLUT2 expression, or intestinal permeability., Conclusion: Fructose, lactose, and arabic gum differentially affect intestinal drug absorption through the glucose transport pathway. Fructose competitively inhibited drug absorption, while lactose may enhance absorption by increasing intestinal permeability. Arabic gum had no significant influence., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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